Ansible roles
自动化运维工具-Ansible roles
- 07·自动化运维工具-Ansible roles
- Ansible Roles基本概述
- Ansible Roles目录结构
- Ansible Roles依赖关系
- Ansible Roles最佳实践
- ansible Galaxy
Ansible Roles基本概述
roles不管是Ansible还是saltstack，我在写一键部署的时候，都不可能把所有的步骤全部写入到一个’剧本’文件当中，我们肯定需要把不同的工作模块，拆分开来，解耦，那么说到解耦，我们就需要用到roles官方推荐，因为roles的目录结构层次更加清晰。
例如：我们之前推荐大家写一个base.yml里面写所有基础优化的项目，其实把所有东西摞进去也是很鸡肋的，不如我们把这些功能全部拆分开，谁需要使用，就调用即可。
建议：每个roles最好只使用一个tasks这样方便我们去调用，能够很好的做到解耦。（SOA）
Ansible Roles目录结构
1.官方推荐最佳实践目录结构定义方式
production # inventory file for production servers
staging # inventory file for staging environment
group_vars/
group1.yml # here we assign variables to particular groups
group2.yml
host_vars/
hostname1.yml # here we assign variables to particular systems
hostname2.yml
library/ # if any custom modules, put them here (optional)
module_utils/ # if any custom module_utils to support modules, put them here (optional)
filter_plugins/ # if any custom filter plugins, put them here (optional)
site.yml # master playbook
webservers.yml # playbook for webserver tier
dbservers.yml # playbook for dbserver tier
roles/
common/ # this hierarchy represents a "role"
tasks/ #
main.yml # <-- tasks file can include smaller files if warranted
handlers/ #
main.yml # <-- handlers file
templates/ # <-- files for use with the template resource
ntp.conf.j2 # <------- templates end in .j2
files/ #
bar.txt # <-- files for use with the copy resource
foo.sh # <-- script files for use with the script resource
vars/ #
main.yml # <-- variables associated with this role
defaults/ #
main.yml # <-- default lower priority variables for this role
meta/ #
main.yml # <-- role dependencies
library/ # roles can also include custom modules
module_utils/ # roles can also include custom module_utils
lookup_plugins/ # or other types of plugins, like lookup in this case
webtier/ # same kind of structure as "common" was above, done for the webtier role
monitoring/ # ""
fooapp/ # ""2.roles目录结构使用galaxy创建
[root@m01 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@m01 roles]# tree wordpress/
nfs/ #项目名称
├── defaults #低优先级变量
├── files #存放文件
├── handlers #触发器文件
├── meta #依赖关系文件
├── tasks #工作任务文件
├── templates #jinja2模板文件
├── tests #测试文件
└── vars #变量文件Ansible Roles依赖关系
roles允许你再使用roles时自动引入其他的roles。role依赖关系存储在roles目录中meta/main.yml文件中。
例如：推送wordpress并解压，前提条件，必须要安装nginx和php，把服务跑起来，才能运行wordpress的页面，此时我们就可以在wordpress的roles中定义依赖nginx和php的roles
[root@m01 roles]# vim /etc/ansible/roles/wordpress/meta/main.yml
dependencies:
- { role: nginx }
- { role: php }如果编写了meta目录下的main.yml文件，那么Ansible会自动先执行meta目录中main.yml文件中的dependencies文件，如上所示，就会先执行nginx和php的安装。
Ansible Roles最佳实践
| roles小技巧 |
1.创建roles目录结构，手动使用ansible-galaxy init test role
2.编写roles功能
3.在playbook中引用
| 使用roles重构rsync |
1.规划目录结构如下
[root@m01 rsync]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
[root@m01 roles]# ll
总用量 0
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-galaxy init rsync
- rsync was created successfully
[root@m01 roles]# tree
.
└── rsync
├── defaults
│ └── main.yml
├── files
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
│ └── main.yml
├── README.md
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates
├── tests
│ ├── inventory
│ └── test.yml
└── vars
└── main.yml2.定义roles主机清单
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/hosts
[backup]
172.16.1.413.指定backup主机组，执行那个roles
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/site.yml
- hosts: backup
remote_user: root
roles:
- rsync4.查看rsync角色的tasks任务
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install Rsync Server
yum: name=rsync state=present
- name: Configure Rsync Server
copy:
src: {{ item.src }}
dest: /etc/{{ item.dest }}
mode: {{ item.mode }}
with_items:
- {src: "rsyncd.conf", dest: "rsyncd.conf", mode: "0644"}
- {src: "rsync.passwd", dest: "rsync.passwd", mode: "0600"}
notify: Restart Rsync Server
- name: Start Rsync Server
systemd:
name: rsyncd
state: started
enabled: yes5.查看rsync角色的handlers
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/handlers/main.yml
- name: Restart Rsync Server
service:
name: rsyncd
state: restarted6.查看rsync角色的files目录
[root@m01 roles]# ll /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/files/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 322 Nov 16 18:49 rsyncd.conf
-rw------- 1 root root 20 Nov 16 18:30 rsync.passwd8.执行roles，使用-t指定执行测试rsync角色
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-playbook -i hosts -t rsync site.yml
PLAY [backup] ********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
TASK [backup : Install Rsync Server] ***********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
TASK [backup : Configure Rsync Server] *********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
TASK [backup : Start Rsync Server] *************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.41]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
172.16.1.41 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 | 使用roles重构nfs |
1.使用roles创建Nfs服务, 目录结构如下
[root@m01 roles]# tree /etc/ansible/roles
├── group_vars
│ └── all
├── hosts
├── nfs
│ ├── files
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ │ └── exports
│ └── vars
├── site.yml2.定义roles主机清单
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/hosts
[nfs]
172.16.1.313.指定nfs主机组，执行那个roles
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/site.yml
- hosts: nfs
remote_user: root
roles:
- nfs
tags: nfs4.查看nfs角色的tasks任务
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/nfs/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install Nfs-Server
yum:
name:nfs-utils
state: present
- name: Configure Nfs-Server
template:
src: exports
dest: /etc/exports
notify: Restart Nfs-Server
- name: Create Directory Data
file:
path: {{ share_dir }}
state: directory
owner: www
group: www
mode: 0755
- name: Start Nfs-Server
systemd:
name: nfs
state: started
enabled: yes5.查看nfs角色的handlers
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/nfs/handlers/main.yml
- name: Restart Nfs-Server
systemd:
name: nfs
state: restarted6.查看rsync角色的files目录
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/nfs/templates/exports
{{ share_dir }} {{ share_ip }}(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)7.nfs对应的变量定义
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/group_vars/all
#nfs
share_dir: /data
share_ip: 172.16.1.318.执行roles，使用-t指定执行nfs标签
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-playbook -i hosts -t nfs site.yml
PLAY [nfs] ********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Install Nfs-Server] ***********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Configure Nfs-Server] *********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Create Directory Data] ********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Start Nfs-Server] *************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
172.16.1.31 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 ansible Galaxy
Galaxy是一个免费网站，类似于github网站，网站上基本都是共享roles，从Galaxy下载roles是最快启动项目方式之一。
Galaxy官方网站:TP
ansible提供了一个命令ansible-galaxy，可以用来对roles项目进行初始化，查找，安装，移除等操作
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-galaxy --help
Usage: ansible-galaxy [delete|import|info|init|install|list|login|remove|search|setup] [--help] [options] ...
Perform various Role related operations.
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-c, --ignore-certs Ignore SSL certificate validation errors.
-s API_SERVER, --server=API_SERVER
The API server destination
-v, --verbose verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable
connection debugging)
--version show program's version number, config file location,
configured module search path, module location,
executable location and exit
See 'ansible-galaxy --help' for more information on a specific
command. | 使用galaxy搜索项目 |
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-galaxy search open
Found 103 roles matching your search:
Name Description
---- -----------
AdrienKuhn.fail2ban Configure fail2ban jails
AdrienKuhn.ufw Configure firewall with UFW
alexiscangelosi.open Ansible role open
andrelohmann.easy_rsa ansible galaxy role to deploy easy-rsa
andrelohmann.open ansible galaxy role to deploy an open server
antoniobarbaro.open-client Install open client, configure and start service
arillso.open Configurate your OpenVPN Client
asm0dey.ansible_role_open OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
barbudone.pritunl_server Pritunl for EL Linux.
blaet.open OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
bmcclure.pia Manages Private Internet Access VPN utilizing the AUR and open on Archlinux
borkenpipe.ansible_open OpenVPN with PKI for Ubuntu/Debian
borkenpipe.open Install OpenVPN for us with AWS bastions.
borkenpipe.stouts_open Manage OpenVPN server
cinject.open Open role
clvx.easy-rsa Role to generate an open pki.
clvx.open Role to deploy server and open clients.
cornfeedhobo.open Install and manage OpenVPN
d3atiq.open_client A role for automatic managed connection to OpenVPN VPN.
danrabinowitz.open_for_access This role provisions an OpenVPN server. This server is NOT designed for routing all traffic from the client. It is for granting access to the server, so that ssh (for example) can be allowed ONLY
dresden-weekly.open collection of Ansible roles to run OpenVPN.
edeckers.open-ldap Installs an OpenLDAP backed OpenVPN-server
egeneralov.open Provision open servers
ehime.open OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
escapace.ansible_open open role
gavika.easy_rsa Install and configure EasyRSA
gavika.open Role to install and configure OpenVPN server and generate client configurations
gregorydulin.ansible_role_open OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
grycap.open Install OpenVPN to create hybrid clusters with EC3
iamsudipt.open OpenVpn ansible role for creating a secure tunnel to your private infra.
icasimpan.ansible_role_open OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
ieguiguren.nord downloads NordVPN servers' list and set it up
indigo-dc.open Install OpenVPN to create hybrid clusters with EC3
indix.open-ops This repo can be used to create a open server.
iroquoisorg.open manage open server
iroquoisorg.open_client install open client
jtyr.open Role which helps to install and configure OpenVPN server.
juju4.openclient setup open as client
kbrebanov.open Installs and configures OpenVPN
kbrebanov.open_as Installs and configures OpenVPN Access Server
kharkevich.pritunl Deploy pritunl: Enterprise Distributed OpenVPN and IPsec Server.
kostyrevaa.open Installs and configures open client
kyl191.open OpenVPN playbook for CentOS/Fedora/RHEL/RHEL clones & Ubuntu/Debian
leafnode.open_client install open client
linuxhq.iproute RHEL/CentOS - Advanced IP routing and network device configuration tools
linuxhq.open_client RHEL/CentOS - The Open Source VPN (client)2.查看详细信息
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-galaxy info kostyrevaa.open
Role: kostyrevaa.open
description: Installs and configures open client
active: True
commit:
commit_message:
commit_url:
company:
created: 2015-08-17T18:13:15.551754Z
download_count: 20
forks_count: 0
github_branch: master
github_repo: ansible-open
github_user: kostyrev
id: 4798
imported: None
is_valid: True
issue_tracker_url: https://github.com/kostyrevaa/ansible-open/issues
license: license (GPLv3)
min_ansible_version: 1.2
modified: 2018-04-13T06:31:20.195475Z
open_issues_count: 0
path: (u'/root/.ansible/roles', u'/usr/share/ansible/roles', u'/etc/ansible/roles')
role_type: ANS
stargazers_count: 0
travis_status_url:3.安装项目
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-galaxy install kyl191.open
- downloading role 'open', owned by kyl1914.架构重构
[root@linuxnc roles]# cat site.yml
- hosts: all
roles:
- role: basic
- role: web_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "web"
- role: php_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "web"
- role: lb_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "lb"
- role: mysql_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "db"
- role: php_server
when: ansible_hostname is match "web"
- role: wordpress