2021英一Text4精读、背景和语法分析（网络中立是生是死？难下定论）

2021英一Text4精读和语法分析

本文选自Los Angeles Times《洛杉矶时报》2019年10月2日文章Is net neutrality alive or dead? It’s hard to tell（网络中立是生是死？难下定论！），作者指出，网络中立可确保宽带运营商不会区别对待与其竞争的网络公司，然而联邦通信委员会（FCC）的当前政策和上诉法院的最新判决均均与这一目标相悖；鉴于此，国会应当介入以确保FCC实施网络中立。文章首段介绍对网络中立的需求，二、三段指出网络中立无法实施并聚焦FCC的不合理政策，四、五段分析上诉法院有关网络中立的最新判决的不足，末段对国会提出建立。

2021 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题 Text 4 原文

[1] From the early days of broadband, advocates for consumers and web-based companies worried that the cable and phone companies selling broadband connections had the power and incentive to favor their own or their partners’ websites and services over those of their rivals. That’s why there has been such a strong demand for rules that would prevent broadband providers from picking winners and losers online, preserving the freedom and innovation that have been the lifeblood of the internet.

[2] Yet that demand has been almost impossible to fill — in part because of pushback from broadband providers, anti-regulatory conservatives and the courts. A federal appeals court weighed in again Tuesday, but instead of providing a badly needed resolution, it only prolonged the fight. At issue before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit was the latest take of the Federal Communications Commission on net neutrality, adopted on a party-line vote in 2017. The Republican-penned order not only eliminated the strict net neutrality rules the FCC had adopted when it had a Democratic majority in 2015, but rejected the commission’s authority to require broadband providers to do much of anything. The order also declared that state and local governments couldn’t regulate broadband providers either.

[3] The commission argued that other agencies would protect against anti-competitive behavior, such as a broadband-providing conglomerate like AT&T favoring its own video-streaming service at the expense of Netflix and Apple TV. Yet the FCC also ended the investigations of broadband providers that imposed data caps on their rivals’ streaming services but not their own.

[4] On Tuesday, the appeals court unanimously upheld the 2017 order deregulating broadband providers, citing a Supreme Court ruling from 2005 that upheld a similarly deregulatory move. But Judge Patricia Millett rightly argued in a concurring opinion that “the result is unhinged from the realities of modern broadband service,” and said Congress or the Supreme Court could intervene to “avoid trapping Internet regulation in technological anachronism.”

[5] In the meantime, the court threw out the FCC’s attempt to block all state rules on net neutrality, while preserving the commission’s power to pre-empt individual state laws that undermine its order. That means more battles like the one now going on between the Justice Department and California, which enacted a tough net neutrality law in the wake of the FCC’s abdication.

[6] The endless legal battles and back-and-forth at the FCC cry out for Congress to act. It needs to give the commission explicit authority once and for all to bar broadband providers from meddling in the traffic on their network and to create clear rules protecting openness and innovation online.

精读、背景和语法分析

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参考文献

1. 赖氏经典英语语法
2. 历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路（张剑黄皮书2021）
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4. 美国联邦法律与州法律抵触时如何处理的？ - 王知的回答 - 知乎
5. 马德里诉麦蒂逊到底是怎么一回事？ - TheOddestOne的回答 - 知乎