Complex sentence 复合句： 由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子 的主要部分(主句),另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作 某个成分(如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语)。 复合句 = 主句 + 定语从句 另一个或一个以上的主谓结构 只在句子中作某个成分(定语)
一个主谓结构是句子 的主要部分(主句)
The students (who do not study hard )will not pass the exam.
主句主语 从句主语 从句谓语结构
主句谓语结构
Attributive clause: 在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词 或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。 定语从句还叫做嵌入句， 因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。 定语从句的位置：通常在先行词(在主句中)后。 who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语), that(主语、宾语), whose(定语) that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语) whose(定语)
定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词
关系 代词
指人 指物
where (地点状语) 关系 副词 when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Attributive clause: 限制性定语从句 restrictive 是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉， 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从 句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句non-restrictive
和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说 明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
I was the only person who was invited. in my office
Jenny 中招英语定语从句专题讲解PPT图表_word文档在线阅读与下载_文档网https://www.wendangwang.com/doc/bb244f4230c7557b044a60d5/4 , with whom I played table tennis yesterday, lives in my next room.
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.
注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that,指人时用who(主语 ),whom(宾语),指物时须用which
考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。 where (the great writer ____ used Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ in to ___ live). which which The house ______ ___ built that (they ___ in 1987) stay 中招英语定语从句专题讲解PPT图表_word文档在线阅读与下载_文档网https://www.wendangwang.com/doc/bb244f4230c7557b044a60d5/5 ed up in the earthquake. who / whom( _ ____ were killed in the Luckily none of the people _____ I know) that earthquake. / when __________________ M y father was born in the year ______(the Second World War in which broke out). _______
：that和which的选择 (1) that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况 引导词只用that,不用which。 ①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，如： a. All that can be done has been done. b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender. ② 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时：
I’ve read all the books (that) you gave me.
考点二：that和which的选择 ③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read. This is the first composition (that) he has written in English. ④先行词被the only, the very, the last 修饰时。 That white flower is 中招英语定语从句专题讲解PPT图表_word文档在线阅读与下载_文档网https://www.wendangwang.com/doc/bb244f4230c7557b044a60d5/9 the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. ⑤ 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定 语从句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引导。如： He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.
考点二：that和which的选择 ⑥先行词是疑问词who, which, what 时，定语从句用that 而不用who, (whom)和which引导。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? What that is on the table belongs to me? ⑦ 当关系代词在从句中作表语时： Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be.
考点二：that和which的选择 (2)只用which的情况 Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其 先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 1 She heard a terrible noise, ______ B brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that
B was more 2. The weather turned out to be good, ___ than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句 ※对这两个词作如下归纳： 1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which. He failed to the exam, as (=which) is natural. She seems a scientist, as (=which) in fact she is.
Grammar i
s not a dead rule, which (=as) I have said before. 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导 定语从句。如： As we all know, his parents were killed in the war. As we all know, the earth is round.
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句 3.用于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…, so…as…中，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.
Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. 4.as代 中招英语定语从句专题讲解PPT图表_word文档在线阅读与下载_文档网https://www.wendangwang.com/doc/bb244f4230c7557b044a60d5/13 表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有 此意思，从句中的动词常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。
He won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. The police were looking for him, as he thought.
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定 如何选定介词: 1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure.
3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定 4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可 用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, twowhom have been to Beijing.
thirds of
5. Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
考点四：关系代词前介词的确定 关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。 如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动 词之后。 eg. 1. I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born. 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in. 3. I don’t know the reason why (for which) he haven’t come today
考点三：as与which引导的定语从句 5. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态， 如be known,be said,be reported等，如从句中行为 动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy. 6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的 结果，则用which. a. He cheated his friend of mach money, which was very disgraceful.
b. He came back late, which made his mother worried.
思考？是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替? at which I looked) was painted by me. The painting (__
________ about which I heard) was written twenty years ago. The book (______________ with which she wrote that book) can now be seen in The pen (____________ a museum. during which fell asleep) was very boring. The film (_____________I
where/in which ( flowers are seen all Kunming is a beautiful place _____________ the year round). on which/whenI first met you on the ship. I will never forgot the day _____________ 结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语 时，才能用关系副词代替。
Correct the sentences: 1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday. __ (去掉) 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? ^ one the 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. ^ to 4. July 1,1999 is the day when ____ we’ll never forget. which 5. The students and things which ____ you spoke of are known to us. that
5.Einstein is such a great scientist ____ that we must learn from. as 6. The student _____ who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today. Whose 7. Who is the worker who ____took some pictures of the factory. that 8. It is the one of the best films which ____ have been shown recently. that ____ we are going to visit is Hangzhou 9.The third place whi
ch that As _____ is known to all, many satellite are going around in 10.Which the sky.