文件上传是项目开发中最常见的功能之一 ,springMVC 可以很好的支持文件上传,但是SpringMVC上下文中默认没有装配MultipartResolver,因此默认情况下其不能处理文件上传工作。如果想使用Spring的文件上传功能,则需要在上下文中配置MultipartResolver。
前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器;
对表单中的 enctype 属性做个详细的说明:
<form action="" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
<input type="file" name="file"/>
<input type="submit">
form>
一旦设置了enctype为multipart/form-data,浏览器即会采用二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,而对于文件上传的处理则涉及在服务器端解析原始的HTTP响应。在2003年,Apache Software Foundation发布了开源的Commons FileUpload组件,其很快成为Servlet/JSP程序员上传文件的最佳选择。
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileuploadgroupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileuploadartifactId>
<version>1.3.3version>
dependency>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>utf-8param-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
web-app>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sangyu.controller"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
bean>
property>
bean>
mvc:message-converters>
mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver">
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
bean>
beans>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" id="multipartResolver">
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/>
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
bean>
CommonsMultipartFile 的 常用方法:
编写前端页面
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: 19401
Date: 2023/3/11
Time: 10:25
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>首页title>
head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file">
<input type="submit" value="upload">
form>
body>
html>
package com.sangyu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.*;
/**
* @author sangYu
* @date 2023/3/11
*/
@Controller
public class FileController {
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String fileUpLoad(@RequestParam("file")CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//获取文件名
String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
//如果文件名为空,直接返回首页
if ("".equals(originalFilename)){
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
System.out.println("上传文件名"+originalFilename);
//上传路径保存设置
String realPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
//如果路径不存在,创建一个
File file1 = new File(realPath);
if (!file1.exists()){
file1.mkdir();
}
System.out.println("上传文件保存地址"+realPath);
//文件输入流
InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath, originalFilename));
//读取写出
int len=0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
os.flush();
}
os.close();
inputStream.close();
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
运行Tomcat,上传文件,查找发现目录下确实有我们传进去的文件
使用file.Transto来保存上传的文件
1.编写controller
package com.sangyu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author sangYu
* @date 2023/3/11
*/
@Controller
public class FileController2 {
@RequestMapping("/upload2")
public String fileUpload2(HttpServletRequest request,@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file) throws IOException {
//上传路径保存设置
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()){
realPath.mkdir();
}
//上传文件地址
System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);
//通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件(注意这个时候)
file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
2.前端表单提交地址修改
3.访问提交测试,OK!
文件下载步骤:
1、设置 response 响应头
2、读取文件 – InputStream
3、写出文件 – OutputStream
4、执行操作
5、关闭流 (先开后关)
controller
@RequestMapping("/downLoad")
public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response , HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{
//要下载的图片地址
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
String fileName = "基础语法.jpg";
//1、设置response 响应头
response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码
response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据
//设置响应头
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
"attachment;fileName="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));
File file = new File(path,fileName);
//2、 读取文件--输入流
InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file);
//3、 写出文件--输出流
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff =new byte[1024];
int index=0;
//4、执行 写出操作
while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){
out.write(buff, 0, index);
out.flush();
}
out.close();
input.close();
return null;
}
jsp
点击下载