目录
1.Module 1 - Introduction to RNA sequencing
- Installation
- Reference Genomes
- Annotations
- Indexing
- RNA-seq Data
- Pre-Alignment QC
2.Module 2 - RNA-seq Alignment and Visualization
- Adapter Trim
- Alignment
- IGV
- Alignment Visualization
- Alignment QC
3.Module 3 - Expression and Differential Expression
- Expression
- Differential Expression
- DE Visualization
- Kallisto for Reference-Free Abundance Estimation
4.Module 4 - Isoform Discovery and Alternative Expression
- Reference Guided Transcript Assembly
- de novo Transcript Assembly
- Transcript Assembly Merge
- Differential Splicing
- Splicing Visualization
5.Module 5 - De novo transcript reconstruction
- De novo RNA-Seq Assembly and Analysis Using Trinity
6.Module 6 - Functional Annotation of Transcripts
- Functional Annotation of Assembled Transcripts Using Trinotate
2.3 IGV
1.introduction
Description of the lab
高通量测序最受欢迎的工具-IGV(Integrative Genomics Viewer)
伴随本教程的文件
- IGV Lecture - Brief
- IGV Lecture - Long, from Broad Institute
完成本次教程可实现以下工作
可视化各种基因组数据
快速导航基因组
可视化reads比对情况
肉眼验证SNP/SNV
Requirements
Integrative Genomics Viewer
Ability to run Java
Note that while most tutorials in this course are performed on the cloud, IGV will always be run on your local machine
Compatibility
本教程是为IGV v2.3准备的,可以在IGV下载页面上找到。强烈建议使用这个版本。
Data Set for IGV
使用公开的来自HCC1143细胞系的Illumina序列数据。HCC1143细胞系是从一名患有乳腺癌的52岁白人妇女体内产生的。这个细胞系的附加信息可以在这里找到:HCC1143(tumor, TNM stage IIA, grade 3, primary ductal carcinoma)以及HCC1143/BL(matched normal EBV transformed lymphoblast cell line).
从细胞系HCC1143产生的reads比对到这个区域
Chromosome 21: 19,000,000-20,000,000
HCC1143.normal.21.19M-20M.bam
HCC1143.normal.21.19M-20M.bam.bai
2. Getting familiar with IGV
Get familiar with the interface
载入一个基因组:
默认情况下,IGV加载Human hg19。如果你研究的是另一个版本的人类基因组,或者另一种物种,你可以通过点击左上角的下拉菜单来改变基因组。在这个教程中,我们将使用人类hg19。
也可以采用以下方式(File -> Load from Server...
):
- Ensembl genes (or your favourite source of gene annotations)
- GC Percentage
- dbSNP 1.3.1 or 1.3.7
Navigation:
在这个参考基因组中可以看到染色体列表,选择1号染色体。
location字段(在界面的左上角)中输入,导航到chr1:10 000- 11000,然后单击Go。这显示了1号染色体的窗口宽1000个碱基对,从10000号位置开始。
IGV以颜色序列的形式显示基因组中的碱基序列(例如A=绿色,C =蓝色,等等)。这使得重复序列,比如在这个区域开始处发现的那些序列,很容易识别。放大一点使用+按钮看到参考基因组序列的单个碱基。
你可以在基因组坐标所在的框中输入你感兴趣的基因,然后按Enter/Return键。试试你最喜欢的基因,或者BRCA1。
基因用线和框表示。线代表内含子区域,框代表外显子区域。箭头表示该基因的转录方向/链。当一个外显子框变窄,这表示一个UTR。
Region Lists
有时,保存当前位置或加载感兴趣的区域真的很有用。为此,IGV中有一个区域导航器。要访问它,单击Regions > Region Navigator。在浏览基因组时,可以随时按Add按钮保存一些书签。
Loading Read Alignments
我们将使用乳腺癌细胞系HCC1143来可视化比对结果。在速度方面,只有一小部分chr21将装载(19M:20M)。
HCC1143 Alignments to hg19:
- HCC1143.normal.21.19M-20M.bam
- HCC1143.normal.21.19M-20M.bam.bai
复制文件到你的本地,并在IGV中选择File > Load from File...
,选择bam文件,并单击OK。注意,为了让IGV正确地加载它们,bam文件和索引文件必须在同一个目录中。
Visualizing read alignments
选择染色体位点:chr21:19,480,041-19,480,386
To start our exploration, right click on the track-name, and select the following options:
- Sort alignments by
start location
- Group alignments by
pair orientation
通过右键点击比对界面和切换选项来试验各种设置。想想哪一种方法最适合特定的任务(例如,质量控制、SNP调用、CNV查找)。
3.Inspecting SNPs, SNVs, and SVs
Two neighbouring SNPs
- Navigate to region
chr21:19,479,237-19,479,814
- Note two heterozygous variants, one corresponds to a known dbSNP (
G/T
on the right) the other does not (C/T
on the left) - Zoom in and center on the
C/T
SNV on the left, sort by base (windowchr21:19,479,321
is the SNV position) - Sort alignments by
base
- Color alignments by
read strand
Homopolymer region with indel
Navigate to position chr21:19,518,412-19,518,497
Coverage by GC
Navigate to position chr21:19,611,925-19,631,555
. Note that the range contains areas where coverage drops to zero in a few places.
**Example **
- Use
Collapsed
view - Use
Color alignments by
->insert size and pair orientation
- Load GC track
- See concordance of coverage with GC content
Heterozygous SNPs on different alleles
Navigate to region chr21:19,666,833-19,667,007
**Example **
- Sort by base (at position
chr21:19,666,901
)
对于这两个snp,等位基因之间没有联系,因为两个snp的reads都只包含一个或另一个
4.Automating Tasks in IGV
我们可以使用Tools菜单调用运行批处理脚本。IGV网站描述了批处理脚本:
Batch file requirements: https://www.broadinstitute.org/igv/batch
Commands recognized in a batch script: https://www.broadinstitute.org/software/igv/PortCommands
We also need to provide sample attribute file as described here: http://www.broadinstitute.org/software/igv/?q=SampleInformation
下载数据集的批处理脚本和属性文件:
- Batch script: Run_batch_IGV_snapshots.txt
- Attribute file: Igv_HCC1143_attributes.txt