先从概念解释上搞清楚这个定义,死信,顾名思义就是无法被消费的消息,字面意思可以这样理 解,一般来说,producer 将消息投递到 broker 或者直接到queue 里了,consumer 从 queue 取出消息 进行消费,但某些时候由于特定的原因导致 queue 中的某些消息无法被消费,这样的消息如果没有后续的处理,就变成了死信,有死信自然就有了死信队列。
应用场景:为了保证订单业务的消息数据不丢失,需要使用到 RabbitMQ 的死信队列机制,当消息消费发生异常时,将消息投入死信队列中。还有比如说:用户在商城下单成功并点击去支付后在指定时间未支付时自动失效
消息 TTL 过期
TTL是Time To Live的缩写, 也就是生存时间
队列达到最大长度
队列满了,无法再添加数据到 mq 中
消息被拒绝
(basic.reject 或 basic.nack) 并且 requeue=false.
消费者 C1 代码:
/**
* 死信队列 - 消费者01
*/
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机名称
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机名称
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明死信队列
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
//死信队列绑定:队列、交换机、路由键(routingKey)
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
//正常队列绑定死信队列信息
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
//正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
//正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
//正常队列
String normalQueue = "normal-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);
channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
System.out.println("等待接收消息........... ");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息" + message);
};
channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
生产者代码
public class Producer {
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//设置消息的 TTL 时间 10s
AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
//该信息是用作演示队列个数限制
for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {
String message = "info" + i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", properties, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("生产者发送消息:" + message);
}
}
}
启动 C1 ,之后关闭消费者,模拟其接收不到消息。再启动 Producer
消费者 C2 代码:
以上步骤完成后,启动 C2 消费者,它消费死信队列里面的消息
public class Consumer02 {
//死信交换机名称
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明队列
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收死信消息........... ");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("Consumer02 接收到消息" + message);
};
channel.basicConsume(deadQueue, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
2、C1 消费者修改以下代码**(启动之后关闭该消费者 模拟其接收不到消息)**
//设置正常队列的长度限制,例如发10个,4个则为死信
params.put("x-max-length",6);
注意此时需要把原先队列删除 因为参数改变了
1、消息生产者代码同上生产者一致
2、C1 消费者代码(启动之后关闭该消费者 模拟其接收不到消息)
拒收消息 “info5”
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机名称
private static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机名称
private static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机 类型为 direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明死信队列
String deadQueue = "dead-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(deadQueue, false, false, false, null);
//死信队列绑定:队列、交换机、路由键(routingKey)
channel.queueBind(deadQueue, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
//正常队列绑定死信队列信息
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
//正常队列设置死信交换机 参数 key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
//正常队列设置死信 routing-key 参数 key 是固定值
params.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
// //设置正常队列的长度限制,例如发10个,4个则为死信
// params.put("x-max-length",6);
//正常队列
String normalQueue = "normal-queue";
channel.queueDeclare(normalQueue, false, false, false, params);
channel.queueBind(normalQueue, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
System.out.println("等待接收消息........... ");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
if (message.equals("info5")) {
System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息" + message + "并拒绝签收该消息");
//requeue 设置为 false 代表拒绝重新入队 该队列如果配置了死信交换机将发送到死信队列中
channel.basicReject(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
} else {
System.out.println("Consumer01 接收到消息" + message);
channel.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
};
//开启手动应答
channel.basicConsume(normalQueue, false, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
3、C2 消费者代码不变