三刷Binary Search Tree Iterator

不会写,本质上是忘了in order traversal怎么写了。然而preorder, inorder, postorder的iterative traversal是要背下来的。

Binary Tree Inorder Traversal Iterative way
必须要知道是用stack这个数据结构完成。关于怎么记,其实就是想一下几个过程在脑子里:

  • “一路向左” inorder先左边,放BST里就是最小的,所以inorder出来的结果如果是BST就是递增的。一直从curt = root一直curt = curt.left走到左边尽头,边走边压到栈里头
  • 找下一个最小的节点,我们知道应该在最左边节点的右边的最左边开始找。如果poll()出来当前的节点没有右子树,说明找不到比该节点的父节点更小的节点了,那我们就继续poll出栈。如果有右子树,我们就找右子树的最小值也就是最左边的节点,继续“一路向左”,循环条件是!stack.isEmpty() 这整个搜索过程我们要记录一路向左遇到的所有节点,所以要选择stack来存储。
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null){
            return res;
        }
        Stack stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode curt = root;
        while (curt != null){
            stack.push(curt);
            curt = curt.left;
        }
        while (!stack.isEmpty()){
            TreeNode smallest = stack.pop();
            res.add(smallest.val);
            curt = smallest.right;
            while (curt != null){
                stack.push(curt);
                curt = curt.left;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

本题其实就是把traversal分配到了两部分,一部分是在constructor里面,一部分是next() method. hasNext()很明显是O(1), next()在是amortized O(1). 为什么呢?比如我们call next()直到我们traverse整棵树,那么总时间是O(N), 因为没个节点都被访问了,然后一共call了n次,所以平均下来一次是O(1).
空间复杂度是O(h)因为每个level存一个, 一共树高个节点存了。

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */

public class BSTIterator {

    Stack stack;
    //inorder traversal
    public BSTIterator(TreeNode root) {
        stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode curt = root;
        while (curt != null){
            stack.push(curt);
            curt = curt.left;
        }
    }

    /** @return whether we have a next smallest number */
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return !stack.isEmpty();            
    }

    /** @return the next smallest number */
    public int next() {
        TreeNode node = stack.pop();
        TreeNode curt = node.right;
        while (curt != null){
            stack.push(curt);
            curt = curt.left;
        }
        return node.val;
    }
}

/**
 * Your BSTIterator will be called like this:
 * BSTIterator i = new BSTIterator(root);
 * while (i.hasNext()) v[f()] = i.next();
 */

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