在之前的hello驱动中,注册驱动设备的方式如下
/*初始化设备方法1:自动分配设备号,占用所有次设备号*/
major = register_chrdev(0,"hello_drv",&hello_fops);
使用 register_chrdev 分配设备号的方式比较简单直接,但是会导致设备占用所有的次设备号
举个例子:
比如我的hello驱动主设备号是240,次设备号是0,
如果我使用 mknod 创建一个 /dev/abc 设备,主设备号也是240,次设备号 设置为1,
当我操作 /dev/abc 设备时,同样会调用我的hello驱动程序,
因为 register_chrdev 函数使得分配的主设备号下的所有次设备号都对应到hello驱动上了
效果如下图所示
linux内核提供的主设备号是有限的,如果设备很多的情况下主设备号就可能不够用了
那怎么办呢?
解决办法:可以在注册驱动设备的时候,给设备分配好固定的次设备号
1. alloc_chrdev_region:注册一系列字符设备编号
/**
* alloc_chrdev_region() - register a range of char device numbers
* @dev: output parameter for first assigned number
* @baseminor: first of the requested range of minor numbers
* @count: the number of minor numbers required
* @name: the name of the associated device or driver
*
* Allocates a range of char device numbers. The major number will be
* chosen dynamically, and returned (along with the first minor number)
* in @dev. Returns zero or a negative error code.
*/
int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,const char *name)
参数 | 含义 |
---|---|
dev | 分配的设备号(高12位是主设备号) |
baseminor | 请求的起始次设备号 |
count | 请求的次设备号的数量 |
name | 自定义驱动程序名称 |
2. cdev_init:初始化cdev结构体
/**
* cdev_init() - initialize a cdev structure
* @cdev: the structure to initialize
* @fops: the file_operations for this device
*
* Initializes @cdev, remembering @fops, making it ready to add to the
* system with cdev_add().
*/
void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)
参数 | 含义 |
---|---|
cdev | cdev结构体 |
file_operations | 关联应用程序和驱动程序的结构体(包含驱动读写函数指针等) |
cdev结构体(file_operations 成员、dev_t成员等)
struct cdev {
struct kobject kobj;
struct module *owner;
const struct file_operations *ops;
struct list_head list;
dev_t dev;
unsigned int count;
};
3. cdev_add:将字符设备添加到系统中
/**
* cdev_add() - add a char device to the system
* @p: the cdev structure for the device
* @dev: the first device number for which this device is responsible
* @count: the number of consecutive minor numbers corresponding to this
* device
*
* cdev_add() adds the device represented by @p to the system, making it
* live immediately. A negative error code is returned on failure.
*/
int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)
参数 | 含义 |
---|---|
p | cdev结构体 |
dev | 分配的设备号(高12位是主设备号) |
count | 请求的次设备号数量 |
/*初始化设备方法2:自动分配设备号,设置次设备号占用区域*/
//1.自动分配设备号(起始次设备号0,次设备数量 2,设备名称“hello_drv”)
alloc_chrdev_region(&hello_dev, 0, 2,"hello_drv");
//2.initialize a cdev structure
cdev_init(&hello_cdev, &hello_fops);
//3.add a char device to the system
cdev_add(&hello_cdev, hello_dev, 2);
//4.register a range of device numbers
register_chrdev_region(hello_dev, 2, "hello_drv");
在博客【IMX6ULL驱动开发学习】06.APP与驱动程序传输数据_自动创建设备节点(hello驱动) 的基础上修改,
注册驱动设备时,采用cdev函数注册,分配两个次设备号0、1
hello驱动程序代码:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
static unsigned char buff[100];
static struct class *hello_class;
//static int major; //主设备号
dev_t hello_dev; //保存分配的设备号
unsigned baseminor; //分配设备号的起始次设备号
static struct cdev hello_cdev; //定义struct cdev 类型全局变量
unsigned char minor_count = 2; //指定次设备号个数
static int hello_open (struct inode *node, struct file *filp)
{
printk("hello_open\n");
printk("%s %s %d\n",__FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t hello_read (struct file *filp, char *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
size_t len = size > 100 ? 100 : size;
printk("hello_read\n");
copy_to_user(buf, buff, len);
return len;
}
static ssize_t hello_write (struct file *filp, const char *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
size_t len = size > 100 ? 100 : size;
memset(buff, 0 ,sizeof(buff));
printk("hello_write\n");
copy_from_user(buff, buf, len);
return len;
}
static int hello_release (struct inode *node, struct file *filp)
{
printk("hello_release\n");
return 0;
}
/*1.定义 file_operations 结构体*/
static const struct file_operations hello_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = hello_read,
.write = hello_write,
.open = hello_open,
.release = hello_release,
};
/*2.register_chrdev*/
/*3.入口函数*/
static int hello_init(void)
{
struct device *dev;
/*初始化设备方法1:自动分配设备号,占用所有次设备号*/
//设备号
// major = register_chrdev(0,"hello_drv",&hello_fops);
/*初始化设备方法2:自动分配设备号,设置次设备号占用区域*/
//1.自动分配设备号(起始次设备号baseminor,次设备数量 2)
if(alloc_chrdev_region(&hello_dev, baseminor, minor_count,"hello_drv") < 0)
{
printk(KERN_ERR"Unable to alloc_chrdev_region.\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
//2.initialize a cdev structure
cdev_init(&hello_cdev, &hello_fops);
//3.add a char device to the system
if(cdev_add(&hello_cdev, hello_dev, minor_count) < 0)
{
printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to cdev_add.\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
//4.register a range of device numbers
register_chrdev_region(hello_dev, minor_count, "hello_drv");
/*自动创建设备节点*/
/*在内核中创建设备*/
hello_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "hello_class");
if (IS_ERR(hello_class)) {
printk("hello class create failed!\n");
}
/*在/dev下面创建设备节点*/
device_create(hello_class, NULL, hello_dev, NULL, "hello");
if (IS_ERR(dev)) {
printk("hello device_create failed!\n");
}
return 0;
}
/*4.退出函数*/
static int hello_exit(void)
{
//销毁设备
device_destroy(hello_class, hello_dev);
//删除设备类
class_destroy(hello_class);
/*对应初始化设备方法1:自动分配设备号,占用所有次设备号*/
// unregister_chrdev(major,"hello_fops");
/*对应初始化设备方法2:自动分配设备号,设置次设备号占用区域*/
unregister_chrdev_region(hello_dev, minor_count);
cdev_del(&hello_cdev);
return 0;
}
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
hello应用程序代码:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int len;
char read_buf[10];
if(argc < 2){
printf("please input at least 2 args\n");
printf("%s [string]\n" , argv[0]);
return -1;
}
/*open*/
int fd;
fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0){
printf("open failed\n");
return -2;
}
/*read*/
if(argc == 2){
read(fd, read_buf, 10); //调用read函数,只为了触发系统调用hello驱动的read函数
printf("read operation : %s\n", read_buf);
}
/*write*/
if(argc == 3){
len = write(fd, argv[2], strlen(argv[2])); //调用write函数,只为了触发系统调用hello驱动的write函数
printf("write length = %d \n", len);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}