>>技术应用:CentOS(Linux)的解压工具7za

背景

前几日,需要从线上环境拉取部分数据导入到实验库,将工作告知运维后,运维发给我一个

xxx7z.001
xxx7z.002
xxx7z.003
xxx7z.004

看到这个第一眼,不知道怎么处理了,最后运维告知需要使用7za工具处理。为了巩固自己所学,下面开始研究下这个软件工具。

7-zip简介

7-zip以高压缩率著称,并且是一款免费开源的压缩软件。在常规的Linux发行版中,无法通过简单的yum命令来安装该软件。那么在CentOS中,如何安装7ZIP呢(其他环境或者小工具可以百度下哈)?

7-zip安装

M1 Linux源码编译安装

官网下载地址:http://www.7-zip.org/download.html 最新的版本为22.01。

安装比较简单,依次执行以下命令下载安装:

wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/p7zip/p7zip/9.20.1/p7zip_9.20.1_src_all.tar.bz2

tar -jxvf p7zip_9.20.1_src_all.tar.bz2

cd p7zip_9.20.1

make

make install

最后一步make install后出现以下信息,即为安装完毕。

./install.sh /usr/local/bin /usr/local/lib/p7zip /usr/local/man /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip

● installing /usr/local/bin/7za
● installing /usr/local/man/man1/7z.1
● installing /usr/local/man/man1/7za.1
● installing /usr/local/man/man1/7zr.1
● installing /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip/README
● installing /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip/ChangeLog
● installing HTML help in /usr/local/share/doc/p7zip/DOCS

M2 Linux(rpm)安装

下载地址:http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/,请以最新版为准。

在 CentOS 5.x 32位下安装7ZIP

wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm

在 CentOS 5.x 64位下安装7ZIP

wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm

在 CentOS 6.x 32位下安装7ZIP

wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.i686.rpm

在 CentOS 6.x 64位下安装7ZIP

wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/p7zip/p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh p7zip-9.20.1-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

M3 Linux(yum)安装

通过上面M2执行安装中,安装RHEL EPEL Repo后,即可使用yum安装7ZIP。
命令如下:

yum install -y p7zip

M4 MacOS(brew)安装

在macOS中安装就比较方便了,可以使用brew工具来查找、安装、使用和卸载等操作。

  • 【查找】
$ brew search 7zip
==> Formulae
7-zip             7zip             p7zip               zip

当然,搜索7z也是可以的

$ brew search 7z
==> Formulae
7-zip               7zip                  p7zip
  • 【安装】
$ brew install 7zip
==> Downloading https://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/p7zip/p7zip/9.20.1/p7zip_9.20.1_src_all.tar.bz2

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> make all3 CC=clang $(ALLFLAGS) CXX=clang++ $(ALLFLAGS)

==> make DEST_HOME=/usr/local/Cellar/p7zip/9.20.1 DEST_MAN=/usr/local/Cellar/p7zip/9.20.1/share/man install

==> chmod -R +w /usr/local/Cellar/p7zip/9.20.1/share/doc/p7zip

安装过程比较简单,安装后可以使用了。

M5 Windows(exe)中安装

在windows中就比较简单了,放一个下载连接即可:https://7-zip.org/download.html

注意⚠️:安装了不同的软件,使用命令可能不一样,例如7za7zz等。

使用方法

使用7zip的命令是7za。安装完成后的使用方法:

  • 「使用方法说明」

7za {a|d|l|e|u|x} 压缩包文件名 {文件列表或目录,可选}

其中,

  • a :向压缩包里添加文件或创建压缩包。
    • 如向001.7z添加001.jpg,执行:7za a 001.7z 001.jpg;将001目录打包执行:7za a 001.7z 001;
  • d :从压缩里删除文件,如将001.7z里的001.jpg删除,执行:7za d 001.7z 001.jpg
  • l :列出压缩包里的文件。
    • 如列出001.7z里的文件,执行:7za l 001.7z
  • e :解压到当前目录(不包含目录结构)。
    • 目录结构会被破坏,如001.rar内有如下目录及文件123/456/789.html,
      执行:7za e 001.rar,目录123和456及文件789.html都会存放在当前目录下。
  • u :更新文件到压缩文件。
  • x :以完整路径解压(包含目录结构)。
    • zip文件解压中文文件乱码问题,由于zip文件中没有声明其编码,所以在Linux上使用unzip解压以默认编码解压,中文文件名会出现乱码。

帮助命令

当实在是不会使用的时候,尽量去百度,那里有你需要的答案。但是在没有网络的时候,就可以使用帮助命令来实现,例如

CentOS中使用帮助命令

$ 7za --help
7-Zip (a) [64] 16.02 : Copyright (c) 1999-2016 Igor Pavlov : 2016-05-21
p7zip Version 16.02 (locale=zh_CN.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,64 bits,4 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2673 v4 @ 2.30GHz (406F1),ASM,AES-NI)

Usage: 7za <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...]
       [<@listfiles...>]
<Commands>
  a : Add files to archive
  b : Benchmark
  d : Delete files from archive
  e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
  h : Calculate hash values for files
  i : Show information about supported formats
  l : List contents of archive
  rn : Rename files in archive
  t : Test integrity of archive
  u : Update files to archive
  x : eXtract files with full paths

<Switches>
  -- : Stop switches parsing
  -ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include archives
  -ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude archives
  -ao{a|s|t|u} : set Overwrite mode
  -an : disable archive_name field
  -bb[0-3] : set output log level
  -bd : disable progress indicator
  -bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} : set output stream for output/error/progress line
  -bt : show execution time statistics
  -i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include filenames
  -m{Parameters} : set compression Method
    -mmt[N] : set number of CPU threads
  -o{Directory} : set Output directory
  -p{Password} : set Password
  -r[-|0] : Recurse subdirectories
  -sa{a|e|s} : set Archive name mode
  -scc{UTF-8|WIN|DOS} : set charset for for console input/output
  -scs{UTF-8|UTF-16LE|UTF-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} : set charset for list files
  -scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] : set hash function for x, e, h commands
  -sdel : delete files after compression
  -seml[.] : send archive by email
  -sfx[{name}] : Create SFX archive
  -si[{name}] : read data from stdin
  -slp : set Large Pages mode
  -slt : show technical information for l (List) command
  -snh : store hard links as links
  -snl : store symbolic links as links
  -sni : store NT security information
  -sns[-] : store NTFS alternate streams
  -so : write data to stdout
  -spd : disable wildcard matching for file names
  -spe : eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command
  -spf : use fully qualified file paths
  -ssc[-] : set sensitive case mode
  -ssw : compress shared files
  -stl : set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file
  -stm{HexMask} : set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number)
  -stx{Type} : exclude archive type
  -t{Type} : Set type of archive
  -u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] : Update options
  -v{Size}[b|k|m|g] : Create volumes
  -w[{path}] : assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory
  -x[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude filenames
  -y : assume Yes on all queries

MacOS中使用帮助命令

$ 7zz --help

7-Zip (z) 21.07 (x64) : Copyright (c) 1999-2021 Igor Pavlov : 2021-12-26
 64-bit locale=zh_CN.UTF-8 Threads:12

Usage: 7zz <command> [<switches>...] <archive_name> [<file_names>...] [@listfile]

<Commands>
  a : Add files to archive
  b : Benchmark
  d : Delete files from archive
  e : Extract files from archive (without using directory names)
  h : Calculate hash values for files
  i : Show information about supported formats
  l : List contents of archive
  rn : Rename files in archive
  t : Test integrity of archive
  u : Update files to archive
  x : eXtract files with full paths

<Switches>
  -- : Stop switches and @listfile parsing
  -ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include archives
  -ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude archives
  -ao{a|s|t|u} : set Overwrite mode
  -an : disable archive_name field
  -bb[0-3] : set output log level
  -bd : disable progress indicator
  -bs{o|e|p}{0|1|2} : set output stream for output/error/progress line
  -bt : show execution time statistics
  -i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : Include filenames
  -m{Parameters} : set compression Method
    -mmt[N] : set number of CPU threads
    -mx[N] : set compression level: -mx1 (fastest) ... -mx9 (ultra)
  -o{Directory} : set Output directory
  -p{Password} : set Password
  -r[-|0] : Recurse subdirectories for name search
  -sa{a|e|s} : set Archive name mode
  -scc{UTF-8|WIN|DOS} : set charset for for console input/output
  -scs{UTF-8|UTF-16LE|UTF-16BE|WIN|DOS|{id}} : set charset for list files
  -scrc[CRC32|CRC64|SHA1|SHA256|*] : set hash function for x, e, h commands
  -sdel : delete files after compression
  -seml[.] : send archive by email
  -sfx[{name}] : Create SFX archive
  -si[{name}] : read data from stdin
  -slp : set Large Pages mode
  -slt : show technical information for l (List) command
  -snh : store hard links as links
  -snl : store symbolic links as links
  -sni : store NT security information
  -sns[-] : store NTFS alternate streams
  -so : write data to stdout
  -spd : disable wildcard matching for file names
  -spe : eliminate duplication of root folder for extract command
  -spf : use fully qualified file paths
  -ssc[-] : set sensitive case mode
  -sse : stop archive creating, if it can't open some input file
  -ssp : do not change Last Access Time of source files while archiving
  -ssw : compress shared files
  -stl : set archive timestamp from the most recently modified file
  -stm{HexMask} : set CPU thread affinity mask (hexadecimal number)
  -stx{Type} : exclude archive type
  -t{Type} : Set type of archive
  -u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] : Update options
  -v{Size}[b|k|m|g] : Create volumes
  -w[{path}] : assign Work directory. Empty path means a temporary directory
  -x[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} : eXclude filenames
  -y : assume Yes on all queries

写在最后

有些时候,有些命令,还是得看看,忘记的挺快,做笔记吧,让自己看上去不那么像一只摸鱼的兔子。

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