MYSQL数据库的使用

1、 导入hellodb.sql生成数据库

[root@c7-37-103-mini ~]# mysql < /data/app/hellodb_innodb.sql 
[root@c7-37-103-mini ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students;
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name          | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
|     1 | Shi Zhongyu   |  22 | M      |       2 |         3 |
|     2 | Shi Potian    |  22 | M      |       1 |         7 |
|     3 | Xie Yanke     |  53 | M      |       2 |        16 |
|     4 | Ding Dian     |  32 | M      |       4 |         4 |
|     5 | Yu Yutong     |  26 | M      |       3 |         1 |
|     6 | Shi Qing      |  46 | M      |       5 |      NULL |
|     7 | Xi Ren        |  19 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|     8 | Lin Daiyu     |  17 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|     9 | Ren Yingying  |  20 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    10 | Yue Lingshan  |  19 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    11 | Yuan Chengzhi |  23 | M      |       6 |      NULL |
|    12 | Wen Qingqing  |  19 | F      |       1 |      NULL |
|    13 | Tian Boguang  |  33 | M      |       2 |      NULL |
|    14 | Lu Wushuang   |  17 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    15 | Duan Yu       |  19 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    16 | Xu Zhu        |  21 | M      |       1 |      NULL |
|    17 | Lin Chong     |  25 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    18 | Hua Rong      |  23 | M      |       7 |      NULL |
|    19 | Xue Baochai   |  18 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    20 | Diao Chan     |  19 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|    21 | Huang Yueying |  22 | F      |       6 |      NULL |
|    22 | Xiao Qiao     |  20 | F      |       1 |      NULL |
|    23 | Ma Chao       |  23 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
|    24 | Xu Xian       |  27 | M      |    NULL |      NULL |
|    25 | Sun Dasheng   | 100 | M      |    NULL |      NULL |
+-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
25 rows in set (0.01 sec)

(1) 在students表中，查询年龄大于25岁，且为男性的同学的名字和年龄 ;

MariaDB [hellodb]> select name,age from students where age>25 and gender='M';
+--------------+-----+
| name         | age |
+--------------+-----+
| Xie Yanke    |  53 |
| Ding Dian    |  32 |
| Yu Yutong    |  26 |
| Shi Qing     |  46 |
| Tian Boguang |  33 |
| Xu Xian      |  27 |
| Sun Dasheng  | 100 |
+--------------+-----+
7 rows in set (0.07 sec)

(2) 以ClassID为分组依据，显示每组的平均年龄;

MariaDB [hellodb]> select ClassID,avg(age) from students group by classid;
+---------+----------+
| ClassID | avg(age) |
+---------+----------+
|    NULL |  63.5000 |
|       1 |  20.5000 |
|       2 |  36.0000 |
|       3 |  20.2500 |
|       4 |  24.7500 |
|       5 |  46.0000 |
|       6 |  20.7500 |
|       7 |  19.6667 |
+---------+----------+
8 rows in set (0.04 sec)
#有空值需要排除
MariaDB [hellodb]> select ClassID,avg(age) from students where classid is not null group by classid ;                
+---------+----------+
| ClassID | avg(age) |
+---------+----------+
|       1 |  20.5000 |
|       2 |  36.0000 |
|       3 |  20.2500 |
|       4 |  24.7500 |
|       5 |  46.0000 |
|       6 |  20.7500 |
|       7 |  19.6667 |
+---------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

(3) 显示第2题中平均年龄大于30的分组及平均年龄;

MariaDB [hellodb]> select ClassID,avg(age) from students where classid is not null and age >30 group by classid ;
+---------+----------+
| ClassID | avg(age) |
+---------+----------+
|       2 |  43.0000 |
|       4 |  32.0000 |
|       5 |  46.0000 |
+---------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(4) 显示以L开头的名字的同学的信息;

MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students where name like 'L%';
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name        | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
|     8 | Lin Daiyu   |  17 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|    14 | Lu Wushuang |  17 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    17 | Lin Chong   |  25 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、数据库授权magedu用户，允许192.168.1.0/24网段可以连接mysql

方法1：先创建用户，然后授权

create user 'magedu'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'centos';
#创建用户还需要授权用户可以管理的数据库,hellodb.*表示可以管理hellodb的所有资源
grant all on hellodb.* to magedu;

方法2: 方法2：授权时直接创建用户

grant all on hellodb.* to 'magedu'@'192.168.1.%'  identified by 'centos';

3、总结mysql常见的存储引擎以及特点。

MySQL数据库常用的存储引擎MyISAM 和InnoDB，MySQL5.5以后其默认存储引擎为InnoDB，相当于MyISAM淘汰了；他们各自的特点如下：

MyISAM引擎特点

不支持事务

表级锁定

读写相互阻塞，写入不能读，读时不能写

只缓存索引

不支持外键约束

不支持聚簇索引

读取数据较快，占用资源较少

不支持MVCC（多版本并发控制机制）高并发

崩溃恢复性较差

MySQL5.5.5前默认的数据库引擎

MyISAM存储引擎适用场景

只读（或者写较少）、表较小（可以接受长时间进行修复操作）

MyISAM引擎文件

其数据库目录下包含三个文件
tbl_name.frm 表格式定义
tbl_name.MYD 数据文件
tbl_name.MYI 索引文件

InnoDB引擎特点

行级锁

支持事务，适合处理大量短期事务

读写阻塞与事务隔离级别相关

可缓存数据和索引

支持聚簇索引

崩溃恢复性更好

支持MVCC高并发

从MySQL5.5后支持全文索引

从MySQL5.5.5开始为默认的数据库引擎

InnoDB数据库文件

所有InnoDB表的数据和索引放置于同一个表空间中
表空间文件：datadir定义的目录下
数据文件：ibddata1, ibddata2, ...
可以设置每个表单独使用一个表空间存储表的数据和索引
启用：innodb_file_per_table=ON
两类文件放在数据库独立目录中
数据文件(存储数据和索引)：tb_name.ibd
表格式定义：tb_name.frm