RTMP是Real Time Messaging Protocol(实时消息传输协议)的首字母缩写。该协议基于TCP,是一个协议族,包括RTMP基本协议及RTMPT/RTMPS/RTMPE等多种变种。RTMP是一种设计用来进行实时数据通信的网络协议,主要用来在Flash/AIR平台和支持RTMP协议的流媒体/交互服务器之间进行音视频和数据通信。支持该协议的软件包括Adobe Media Server/Ultrant Media Server/red5等。RTMP与HTTP一样,都属于TCP/IP四层模型的应用层。-- 百度百科
RTMP推流器(Streamer)的在流媒体系统中的作用可以用下图表示。首先将视频数据以RTMP的形式发送到流媒体服务器端(Server,比如FMS,Red5,Wowza等),然后客户端(一般为Flash Player)通过访问流媒体服务器就可以收看实时流了。
RTMP采用的封装格式是FLV。因此在指定输出流媒体的时候需要指定其封装格式为“flv”。同理,其他流媒体协议也需要指定其封装格式。例如采用UDP推送流媒体的时候,可以指定其封装格式为“mpegts”。
av_register_all():注册FFmpeg所有编解码器。
avformat_network_init():初始化Network。
avformat_open_input():输入(Input)。
avformat_find_stream_info():查找流信息。
avformat_alloc_output_context2():分配输出 AVFormatContext。
avcodec_copy_context():复制AVCodecContext的设置(Copy the settings of AVCodecContext)。
avformat_write_header():写文件头(Write file header)。
av_read_frame():获取一个AVPacket(Get an AVPacket)。
av_rescale_q_rnd():转换PTS/DTS(Convert PTS/DTS)
av_interleaved_write_frame():写文件尾。
#include
extern "C" {//包含C头文件
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavutil/time.h"
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
AVOutputFormat* ofmt = NULL;
//输入对应一个AVFormatContext,输出对应一个AVFormatContext
//(Input AVFormatContext and Output AVFormatContext)
AVFormatContext* ifmt_ctx = NULL, * ofmt_ctx = NULL;
AVPacket pkt;
const char* in_filename, * out_filename;
int ret, i;
int videoindex = -1;
int frame_index = 0;
int64_t start_time = 0;
//in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.mov";
//in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.mkv";
//in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.ts";
//in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.mp4";
//in_filename = "cuc_ieschool.h264";
in_filename = "./ouput_1min.flv";//输入URL(Input file URL)
//in_filename = "shanghai03_p.h264";
//out_filename = "rtmp://localhost/publishlive/livestream";//输出 URL(Output URL)[RTMP]
out_filename = "rtmp://阿里云服务器IP:1935/live";//输出 URL(Output URL)[RTMP]
//out_filename = "rtp://233.233.233.233:6666";//输出 URL(Output URL)[UDP]
//注册FFmpeg所有编解码器
av_register_all();
//Network
avformat_network_init();
//输入(Input)
if ((ret = avformat_open_input(&ifmt_ctx, in_filename, 0, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Could not open input file.");
goto end;
}
if ((ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ifmt_ctx, 0)) < 0) {
printf("Failed to retrieve input stream information");
goto end;
}
for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++)
if (ifmt_ctx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
videoindex = i;
break;
}
av_dump_format(ifmt_ctx, 0, in_filename, 0);
//输出(Output)
avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, "flv", out_filename); //RTMP
//avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ofmt_ctx, NULL, "mpegts", out_filename);//UDP
if (!ofmt_ctx) {
printf("Could not create output context\n");
ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
goto end;
}
ofmt = ofmt_ctx->oformat;
for (i = 0; i < ifmt_ctx->nb_streams; i++) {
//根据输入流创建输出流(Create output AVStream according to input AVStream)
AVStream* in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[i];
AVStream* out_stream = avformat_new_stream(ofmt_ctx, in_stream->codec->codec);
if (!out_stream) {
printf("Failed allocating output stream\n");
ret = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
goto end;
}
//复制AVCodecContext的设置(Copy the settings of AVCodecContext)
ret = avcodec_copy_context(out_stream->codec, in_stream->codec);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("Failed to copy context from input to output stream codec context\n");
goto end;
}
out_stream->codec->codec_tag = 0;
if (ofmt_ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
out_stream->codec->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
}
//Dump Format
av_dump_format(ofmt_ctx, 0, out_filename, 1);
//打开输出URL(Open output URL)
if (!(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
ret = avio_open(&ofmt_ctx->pb, out_filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("Could not open output URL '%s'", out_filename);
goto end;
}
}
//写文件头(Write file header)
ret = avformat_write_header(ofmt_ctx, NULL);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("Error occurred when opening output URL\n");
goto end;
}
start_time = av_gettime();
while (1) {
AVStream* in_stream, * out_stream;
//获取一个AVPacket(Get an AVPacket)
ret = av_read_frame(ifmt_ctx, &pkt);
if (ret < 0)
break;
//FIX:No PTS (Example: Raw H.264)
//Simple Write PTS
if (pkt.pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
//Write PTS
AVRational time_base1 = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base;
//Duration between 2 frames (us)
int64_t calc_duration = (double)AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->r_frame_rate);
//Parameters
pkt.pts = (double)(frame_index * calc_duration) / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE);
pkt.dts = pkt.pts;
pkt.duration = (double)calc_duration / (double)(av_q2d(time_base1) * AV_TIME_BASE);
}
//Important:Delay 延时
if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex) {
AVRational time_base = ifmt_ctx->streams[videoindex]->time_base;
AVRational time_base_q = { 1,AV_TIME_BASE };
int64_t pts_time = av_rescale_q(pkt.dts, time_base, time_base_q);
int64_t now_time = av_gettime() - start_time;
if (pts_time > now_time)
av_usleep(pts_time - now_time);
}
in_stream = ifmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
out_stream = ofmt_ctx->streams[pkt.stream_index];
/* copy packet */
//转换PTS/DTS(Convert PTS/DTS)
pkt.pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.pts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
pkt.dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(pkt.dts, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt.duration, in_stream->time_base, out_stream->time_base);
pkt.pos = -1;
//Print to Screen
if (pkt.stream_index == videoindex) {
printf("Send %8d video frames to output URL\n", frame_index);
frame_index++;
}
//ret = av_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt);
ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ofmt_ctx, &pkt);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("Error muxing packet\n");
break;
}
av_free_packet(&pkt);
}
//写文件尾(Write file trailer)
av_write_trailer(ofmt_ctx);
end:
avformat_close_input(&ifmt_ctx);
/* close output */
if (ofmt_ctx && !(ofmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
avio_close(ofmt_ctx->pb);
avformat_free_context(ofmt_ctx);
if (ret < 0 && ret != AVERROR_EOF) {
printf("Error occurred.\n");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
原文https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/439525340
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