Python模拟MQTT v3.1.1服务器

示例代码

import logging
import asyncio
from hbmqtt.broker import Broker

# 设置日志级别为DEBUG
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

# 创建MQTT服务器
broker = Broker()

# 启动MQTT服务器
async def start_broker():
    await broker.start()

# 停止MQTT服务器
async def stop_broker():
    await broker.stop()

# 主函数
async def main():
    # 启动MQTT服务器
    await start_broker()

    try:
        # 保持主程序运行
        while True:
            await asyncio.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        # 捕捉键盘中断信号
        pass

    # 停止MQTT服务器
    await stop_broker()

# 运行主程序
if __name__ == "__main__":
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(main())

运行结果

"D:\Program Files (x86)\Python
310\python.exe" E:/文档/Projects/Pycharm/forklift/MQTT_SERVER.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\文档\Projects\Pycharm\forklift\MQTT_SERVER.py", line 10, in <module>
    from hbmqtt.broker import Broker
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\broker.py", line 15, in <module>
    from hbmqtt.session import Session
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\session.py", line 8, in <module>
    from hbmqtt.mqtt.publish import PublishPacket
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\mqtt\__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from hbmqtt.mqtt.packet import (
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\mqtt\packet.py", line 8, in <module>
    from hbmqtt.adapters import ReaderAdapter, WriterAdapter
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\adapters.py", line 6, in <module>
    from websockets.protocol import WebSocketCommonProtocol
ImportError: cannot import name 'WebSocketCommonProtocol' from 'websockets.protocol' (D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\websockets\protocol.py)

Process finished with exit code 1

cannot import name ‘WebSocketCommonProtocol’ from ‘websockets.protocol’

解决办法：
降低websockets版本

pip install websockets==8.1

新报错：

"D:\Program Files (x86)\Python385\python3.exe" E:/文档/Projects/Pycharm/forklift/MQTT_SERVER.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python385\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\broker.py", line 185, in _build_listeners_config
    listeners_config = broker_config['listeners']
KeyError: 'listeners'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:/文档/Projects/Pycharm/forklift/MQTT_SERVER.py", line 17, in <module>
    broker = Broker()
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python385\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\broker.py", line 157, in __init__
    self._build_listeners_config(self.config)
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python385\lib\site-packages\hbmqtt\broker.py", line 192, in _build_listeners_config
    raise BrokerException("Listener config not found invalid: %s" % ke)
hbmqtt.broker.BrokerException: Listener config not found invalid: 'listeners'

Process finished with exit code 1

解决办法：
根据错误信息，看起来问题出在您的MQTT服务器配置中缺少了"listeners"配置项。您可以在实例化Broker对象时，提供一个有效的配置，包括"listeners"配置项。

config = {
    "listeners": {
        "default": {
            "type": "tcp",
            "bind": "localhost:1883",  # 监听本地1883端口
            "max_connections": 10  # 最大连接数
        }
    },
    "sys_interval": 10,
    "topic-check": {
        "enabled": False
    }
}

broker = Broker(config)

参考：《mqtt 客户端和服务端搭建及基本使用详解》

下载客户端

打开客户端，新建连接

Github教程

创建教程

本地MQTT服务器

import os
import subprocess

# 启动Mosquitto MQTT服务器
def start_mosquitto_server():
    command = "mosquitto"
    process = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True)
    process.wait()

# 停止Mosquitto MQTT服务器
def stop_mosquitto_server():
    command = "pkill mosquitto"
    os.system(command)

# 主函数
def main():
    try:
        # 启动MQTT服务器
        start_mosquitto_server()

        # 保持主程序运行
        while True:
            pass
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        # 捕捉键盘中断信号
        pass

        # 停止MQTT服务器
        stop_mosquitto_server()

# 运行主程序
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

系统找不到mosquitto命令，这可能是因为没有安装或正确配置Mosquitto MQTT服务器软件。

要解决这个问题，需要确保已经正确安装了Mosquitto MQTT服务器软件，并将其路径配置到系统的环境变量中。

安装Mosquitto MQTT服务器软件：

从Mosquitto官方网站（https://mosquitto.org/）下载并安装适合你操作系统的Mosquitto MQTT服务器软件。

配置系统环境变量：
将Mosquitto MQTT服务器软件的安装路径添加到系统的环境变量中，这样系统就能够找到mosquitto命令。

按照以下步骤进行配置：

打开系统的“高级系统设置”
在“系统变量”部分，找到名为“Path”的变量，选中它并点击“编辑”按钮
在编辑窗口中，点击“新建”按钮，并将Mosquitto MQTT服务器软件的安装路径添加进去
确认所有对话框并保存更改

重新运行代码：在完成以上步骤后，关闭并重新打开命令行窗口，然后再次运行你的代码，系统应该能够找到并启动mosquitto命令。



重启电脑后，依然读取不到mosquitto：

"D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\python310.exe" E:/文档/Projects/Pycharm/forklift/MQTT_SERVER_0629_01.py
'mosquitto' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。

在任务栏看到了该服务，说明服务已经启动，通过客户端模拟，成功发送了数据

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

# 定义回调函数，用于处理接收到的消息
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
    print("Received message:", msg.topic, msg.payload.decode())

# 创建MQTT客户端实例
client = mqtt.Client()

# 配置MQTT服务器地址和端口
broker_address = "mqtt://localhost:1883"
client.connect(broker_address)

# 设置订阅回调函数
client.on_message = on_message

# 订阅主题
topic = "0629tt"
client.subscribe(topic)

try:
    # 启动MQTT客户端循环
    client.loop_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    # 捕捉键盘中断信号
    pass

# 停止MQTT客户端循环和断开连接
client.loop_stop()
client.disconnect()

pip install paho-mqtt

"D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\python310.exe" E:/文档/Projects/Pycharm/forklift/MQTT_SERVER_0629_01.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\文档\Projects\Pycharm\forklift\MQTT_SERVER_0629_01.py", line 19, in <module>
    client.connect(broker_address)
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 914, in connect
    return self.reconnect()
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 1044, in reconnect
    sock = self._create_socket_connection()
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\site-packages\paho\mqtt\client.py", line 3685, in _create_socket_connection
    return socket.create_connection(addr, timeout=self._connect_timeout, source_address=source)
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\socket.py", line 824, in create_connection
    for res in getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, SOCK_STREAM):
  File "D:\Program Files (x86)\Python310\lib\socket.py", line 955, in getaddrinfo
    for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags):
socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed

Process finished with exit code 1

解决办法

# 配置MQTT服务器地址和端口
broker_address = "mqtt://localhost:1883"
client.connect(broker_address)

修改为：

# 配置MQTT服务器地址和端口
broker_address = "mqtt://127.0.0.1:1883"
client.connect(broker_address)

依然无法访问

Try Except 打印出错误



参考文章

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc

在使用 paho-mqtt 库时，broker_address 的格式应该是 host:port，而不是使用 mqtt:// 协议前缀。
修改代码中的 broker_address 如下：

broker_address = 'localhost'  # MQTT 服务器的主机名或 IP 地址
port = 1883  # MQTT 服务器的端口号
try:
    client.connect(broker_address, port=port)
except Exception as e:
    print("connect error:", e)

源码：

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

# 定义回调函数，用于处理接收到的消息
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
    print("Received message:", msg.topic, msg.payload.decode())

# 创建MQTT客户端实例
client = mqtt.Client()

# 配置MQTT服务器地址和端口
broker_address = 'localhost'  # MQTT 服务器的主机名或 IP 地址
port = 1883  # MQTT 服务器的端口号
try:
    client.connect(broker_address, port=port)
except Exception as e:
    print("connect error:", e)

# 设置订阅回调函数
client.on_message = on_message

# 订阅主题
topic = "0629tt"
client.subscribe(topic)

try:
    # 启动MQTT客户端循环
    client.loop_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    # 捕捉键盘中断信号
    pass

# 停止MQTT客户端循环和断开连接
client.loop_stop()
client.disconnect()

其他参考代码
打开 Mosquitto 的配置文件。在 Windows 系统上，
配置文件通常位于 Mosquitto 安装目录的 \mosquitto\mosquitto.conf 或 \mosquitto\mosquitto.conf 文件中。

找到 listener 部分的配置。如果找不到该部分，请在文件的末尾添加以下内容：

listener 1883
bind_address 192.168.183.176

参考链接：《Mosquitto 安装指南》

C:\Program Files\mosquitto> mosquitto.exe -c mosquitto.conf -v

listener 1883
allow_anonymous true

通讯测试结果：

success！！

订阅全部消息

可以将主题设置为通配符 #。通配符 # 表示匹配主题层级中的任意层级。

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

# 定义回调函数，用于处理接收到的消息
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
    print("Received message:", msg.topic, msg.payload.decode())

# 创建MQTT客户端实例
client = mqtt.Client()

# 配置MQTT服务器地址和端口
broker_address = 'localhost'  # MQTT 服务器的主机名或 IP 地址
port = 1883  # MQTT 服务器的端口号
try:
    client.connect(broker_address, port=port)
except Exception as e:
    print("connect error:", e)

# 设置订阅回调函数
client.on_message = on_message

# 订阅所有主题
topic = "#"
client.subscribe(topic)

try:
    # 启动MQTT客户端循环
    client.loop_forever()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    # 捕捉键盘中断信号
    pass

# 停止MQTT客户端循环和断开连接
client.loop_stop()
client.disconnect()