Python｜发送邮件
[TOC]
一、 smtplib模块
主要通过SMTP类与邮件系统进行交互。
- 实例化一个SMTP对象：
s = smtplib.SMTP(邮件服务地址)
s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(邮件服务地址，端口号)
- 登陆邮件，权限验证：
s.login(用户名，密码)
- 发送邮件：
s.sendmail(发件人邮箱，收件人邮箱，发送内容)
- 断开连接：
s.close()
二、email模块
支持发送的邮件内容为纯文本、HTML内容、图片、附件。
- MIMEText：（MIME媒体类型）内容形式为纯文本、HTML页面。
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
MIMEText(msg,type,chartset)
msg：文本内容
type：文本类型默认为plain（纯文本），发送HTML格式的时候，修改为html，但同时要求msg的内容也是html的格式。
chartset：文本编码，中文为“utf-8”
构造TEXT格式的消息
msg = MIMEText("hello.text","plain","utf-8")
msg["Subject"] = "xxxxx"
msg["From"] = "xxxx"
msg["To"] = "xxxx"
发送以上构造的邮件内容要使用as_string将构造的邮件内容转换为string形式。
s.sendmail("xxx","xxx",msg.as_string)
- MIMEImage：内容形式为图片。
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
- MIMEMultupart：多形式组合，可包含文本和附件。
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
MIMEMultipart()
构造邮件正文
msg_sub = MIMEText("hello.text","plain","utf-8")
msg.attach(msg_sub)
添加邮件附件
msg_img = MIMEImage(open(os.getcwd()+ "/reports/xxxx.png","rb").read())
msg_img.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment', filename = "xxxx.png" )
msg_img.add_header('Content-ID','<0>')
msg.attach(mag_img)
三、函数
#!/usr/bin/python2
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# 实现发送邮件功能
import smtplib
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
class Sender:
def __init__(self, host, user, password, receivers):
# host 邮件服务地址
self.host = host
# user 发送人邮箱
# password 发送人邮箱授权码
self.user = user
self.password = password
# receivers 收件人邮箱
self.receivers = receivers
#
# 创建普通邮件正文
#
def setmsg(self, _subject='主题', _text='邮件正文',
_from=None, _to=None, _cc=None,
_subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8'):
# subtype 邮件内容类型{'plain' 文本格式,'html' H5格式}
msg = MIMEText(_text, _subtype, _charset)
msg['Subject'] = Header(_subject, 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = _from
msg['To'] = _to
msg['Cc'] = _cc
# msg 邮件内容
self.msg = msg
return self.msg
#
# 创建包含附件的邮件正文
#
def setmsg_attach(self, _subject='主题', _text='邮件正文', file_list=None,
_from=None, _to=None, _cc=None,
_subtype='plain', _charset='utf-8'):
msgs = MIMEMultipart()
msgs['Subject'] = Header(_subject, 'utf-8')
msgs['From'] = _from
msgs['To'] = _to
msgs['Cc'] = _cc
# msgs 邮件内容
msgs.attach(MIMEText(_text, _subtype, _charset))
# 生成邮件附件内容
def add_attach(file_name):
att1 = MIMEText(open(file_name, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % file_name
return att1
# file_list 需要添加进邮件的文件列表
for file_name in file_list:
msgs.attach(add_attach(file_name))
self.msg = msgs
return self.msg
#
# 登录邮箱，发送邮件 【设置-账户-POP/SMTP：开启】
#
def sendmail(self):
if not self.msg:
print "message is nil"
return False
try:
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP(self.host)
smtpObj.set_debuglevel(1) # 输出发送邮件详细过程
smtpObj.login(self.user, self.password)
smtpObj.sendmail(self.user, self.receivers,
self.msg.as_string())
print "邮件发送成功"
return True
except Exception as e:
print e
if __name__ == '__main__':
print "Test"
send = Sender(host="smtp.qq.com",
user="[email protected]",
password="suwvrojxmubscieh", # 授权码
receivers="[email protected]")
content = """ #内容，HTML格式
Python 邮件发送测试...
"""
send.setmsg("主题<测试>", content,
None, None, None,
'html')
send.sendmail()
# Output:
# 邮件发送成功