文档:SpringBoot中注入Servlet&Filter&Listener
属性名 | 对应标签 | 描述 |
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name |
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指定 Servlet 的 name 属性。 如果没有显式指定,则取值为该 Servlet 的完全限定名,即包名+类名 |
value |
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该属性等价于 urlPatterns 属性,两者不能同时指定。 如果同时指定,通常是忽略 value 的取值 |
urlPatterns |
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指定一组 Servlet 的 URL 匹配模式 |
loadOnStartup |
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指定 Servlet 的加载顺序 |
initParams |
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指定一组 Servlet 初始化参数 |
asyncSupported |
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声明 Servlet 是否支持异步操作模式 |
description |
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指定该 Servlet 的描述信息 |
displayName |
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指定该 Servlet 的显示名 |
例子--使用@WebServlet注入Servlet
(1)MyServlet.java
通过继承HttpServlet来开发原生的Servlet
使用@WebServlet,表示将其标识的对象注入到Spring容器中
urlPatterns = {"servlet01","servlet02"} 对此servlet配置了映射路径
对于开发的原生的Servlet,需要使用@ServletComponentScan在SpringBoot主程序中,指定要扫描的原生Servlet,这样该Servlet才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.servlet; |
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import javax.servlet.ServletException; |
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import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; |
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; |
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; |
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; |
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import java.io.IOException; |
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/** |
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* @author 李 |
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* @version 1.0 |
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*/ |
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@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/servlet01", "/servlet02"}) |
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public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet { |
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@Override |
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protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { |
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resp.getWriter().write("Hello,MyServlet!"); |
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} |
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} |
(2)Application.java主程序
package com.li.thymeleaf; |
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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; |
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import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; |
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import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; |
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/** |
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* @author 李 |
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* @version 1.0 |
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*/ |
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//指定扫描Servlet |
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@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf") |
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@SpringBootApplication |
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public class Application { |
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public static void main(String[] args) { |
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SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args); |
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} |
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} |
(3)浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/servlet01
获者http://localhost:8080/servlet02
,返回如下:
注意:注入的Servlet不会被SpringBoot的拦截器拦截(因为原生Servlet和前端控制器DispatcherServlet是统一级别的,而拦截器在DispatcherServlet中)
属性名 | 说 明 |
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description | 该过滤器的描述信息,等价于 标签。 |
displayName | 该过滤器的显示名,通常配合工具使用,等价于 标签 |
initParams | 指定一组过滤器初始化参数,等价于 标签。 |
filterName | 指定过滤器的 name 属性,等价于
|
servletNames | 指定过滤器将应用于哪些 Servlet。取值是 @WebServlet 中的 name 属性的取值,或者是 web.xml 中 的取值 |
value/urlPatterns | 过滤器的 URL 匹配模式,等价于 标签 |
dispatcherTypes | 指定过滤器的转发模式。具体取值包括: ASYNC、ERROR、FORWARD、INCLUDE、REQUEST。 |
asyncSupported | 声明过滤器是否支持异步操作模式, 等价于 标签 |
例子--使用@WebFilter注入Filter
@WebFilter标识一个过滤器,并注入spring容器
urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}
表示请求/css/目录或者/images/目录下的资源时,请求会经过这个过滤器
需要在主程序中,指定要扫描的Filter,这样该Filter才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.filter; |
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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; |
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import javax.servlet.*; |
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import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; |
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; |
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import java.io.IOException; |
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/** |
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* @author 李 |
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* @version 1.0 |
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* 开发Filter并注入spring容器 |
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*/ |
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@Slf4j |
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@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}) |
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public class MyFilter implements Filter { |
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@Override |
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public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { |
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log.info("MyFilter的init()方法被执行..."); |
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} |
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@Override |
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { |
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log.info("MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行..."); |
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HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; |
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log.info("过滤器处理的uri={}", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI()); |
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chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行 |
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} |
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@Override |
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public void destroy() { |
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log.info("MyFilter的destroy()方法被执行..."); |
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} |
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} |
(2)在主程序中配置扫描该过滤器(略)
(3)在浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/images/login.jpg
,后台输出:
2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行... |
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2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : 过滤器处理的uri=/images/login.jpg |
有时候后台没有输出,可能是浏览器缓存问题
(1)MyListener.java
package com.li.thymeleaf.listener; |
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import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; |
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import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; |
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import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; |
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import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener; |
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/** |
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* @author 李 |
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* @version 1.0 |
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*/ |
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@Slf4j |
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@WebListener |
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public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener { |
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@Override |
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public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { |
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//可以加入项目初始化相关的业务 |
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log.info("MyListener-contextInitialized()-项目初始化OK~"); |
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} |
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@Override |
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public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { |
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//可以加入业务 |
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log.info("MyListener-contextDestroyed()-项目初销毁..."); |
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} |
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} |
(2)在主程序 Application.java配置扫描该监听器
package com.li.thymeleaf; |
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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; |
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import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; |
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import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; |
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import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; |
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/** |
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* @author 李 |
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* @version 1.0 |
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*/ |
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//指定扫描监听器 |
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@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf") |
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@SpringBootApplication |
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public class Application { |
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public static void main(String[] args) { |
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ConfigurableApplicationContext ioc = |
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SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); |
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//监听器的contextDestroyed()方法在容器销毁时触发 |
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ioc.stop(); |
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} |
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} |
(3)启动项目,控制台输出:
RegistrationConfig.java:
package com.li.thymeleaf.config; |
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import com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter; |
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import com.li.thymeleaf.listener.MyListener; |
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import com.li.thymeleaf.servlet.MyServlet; |
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import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean; |
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import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean; |
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import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean; |
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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; |
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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; |
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import java.util.Arrays; |
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/** |
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* @author 李 |
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* @version 1.0 |
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* RegistrationConfig是一个配置类, |
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* 默认为单实例模式 proxyBeanMethods=true |
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*/ |
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@Configuration |
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public class RegistrationConfig { |
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//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Servlet |
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@Bean |
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public ServletRegistrationBean servlet_() { |
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MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet(); |
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//将myServlet关联到ServletRegistrationBean对象 |
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//可以指定多个映射url |
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return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet, "/servlet01", "/servlet02"); |
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} |
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//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Filter |
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@Bean |
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public FilterRegistrationBean filter_() { |
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MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();//创建原生的Filter对象 |
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FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter); |
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//设置filter的urlPattern |
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filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/css/*", "/images/*")); |
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return filterRegistrationBean; |
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} |
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//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Listener |
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@Bean |
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public ServletListenerRegistrationBean listener_() { |
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MyListener myListener = new MyListener();//创建原生的Listener对象 |
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return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(myListener); |
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} |
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} |
使用RegistrationBean的方式注入,不必在主程序Application.java中配置扫描
运行程序,可以看到三个组件都被注入到容器中:
原因分析:
注入的Servlet会存在Spring容器,DispatcherServlet也存在Spring容器。当多个Servlet都能处理到同一层路径时,存在精确优先原则/最长前缀匹配原则:**精准匹配 > 目录匹配 > 扩展名匹配 > /* > / **
如下图:当浏览器请求路径为/servlet01
时,MyServlet的映射路径对与浏览器请求来说是精准匹配,因此此时MyServlet的映射路径优先级高于前端控制器的 /
,请求路径会走tomcat流程,不会到达前端控制器,也就不会执行拦截器。
当然,在SpringBoot中,去调用@Controller目标方法,仍是按照DispatcherServlet分发匹配的机制
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 完成对 DispatcherServlet 的自动配置。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 类,有一个内部类:
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) |
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@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class) |
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@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class) |
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@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class) |
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protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration { |
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@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) |
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//创建了DispatcherServlet对象,并进行一系列设置并返回。 |
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public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) { |
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DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(); |
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dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest()); |
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dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest()); |
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dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound()); |
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dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents()); |
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dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails()); |
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return dispatcherServlet; |
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} |
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@Bean |
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@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) |
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@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) |
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public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) { |
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// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly |
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return resolver; |
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} |
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} |
然后通过如下方法,创建DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象,并将创建的DispatcherServlet对象关联到这个DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象中,将DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象通过@Bean注入到容器中。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) |
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@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class) |
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@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class) |
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@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class) |
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@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class) |
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protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration { |
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@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) |
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@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) |
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public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet, |
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WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider |
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DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, |
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webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());//设置路径 / |
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registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); |
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registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); |
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multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig); |
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return registration; |
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} |
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} |