目录
laravel底层分析
一、生命周期
二、运行原理概述
三、详细源码分析
laravel的入口文件 public/index.php
1、引入自动加载 autoload.php
2、创建应用实例,并同时完成了:
3、开始Http请求的处理
make
方法从容器中解析指定的值为实际的类,比如$app>make(Illuminate\\Contracts\\Http\\Kernel::class)
解析出App\\Http\\Kernel::class
-> handle
方法对http
请求进行处理handle
中的sendRequestThroughRouter
处理的http
请求request
绑定到共享实例 ,执行$this->bootstrap()
方法,运行给定的引导类数组$bootstrappers
,这里很关键,包括了加载配置文件、环境变量、服务提供者(config/app.php
中的providers
)、门面、异常处理、引导提供者Pipeline
管道类,经过全局中间件的处理过滤后,再进行执行Router类的dispatchToRouter
(用户请求的分发)dispatchToRoute
请求分发时,首先,findRoute
查找与给定请求匹配的路由,路由匹配match
然后执行runRoute
方法,实际处理请求的是runRoute
方法中的runRouteWithinStack
,并执行路由组中间件以及路由中间件runRouteWithinStack
中的run
方法,判断isControllerAction
将请求分配到实际的控制器中runController
或者执行runCallable
,并得到响应结果4、将处理结果返回
$this->prepareResponse
方法返回了 Reqponse 实例,响应由Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response实现
$response->send();
将响应数据返回给客户端
send 中将设置好的那些 headers 设置到 HTTP 的头部字段中,然后将 Content 输出到 HTTP 的实体中,最后通过 PHP 将完整的 HTTP 响应发送给客户
5 、执行请求生命周期的所有最终操作
$kernel->terminate($request, $response);
最后是 terminate 逻辑的调用,Laravel 中间件会检查全局中间件和路由中间件中是否包含 trminate 方法,如果包含的话则认为改中间件为 终端中间件,并执行其中的 terminate 方法。
1、注册自动加载器,实现文件的自动加载
require __dir__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
2、创建应用容器实例Application(该实例继承自容器类Container),并绑定核心(web、命令行、异常),以便在需要时解析它们
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
app.php文件如下:
singleton(
Illuminate\\Contracts\\Http\\Kernel::class,
App\\Http\\Kernel::class
);
// 绑定命令行kernel
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\\Contracts\\Console\\Kernel::class,
App\\Console\\Kernel::class
);
// 绑定异常处理kernel
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\\Contracts\\Debug\\ExceptionHandler::class,
App\\Exceptions\\Handler::class
);
// 返回应用实例
return $app;
3、在创建应用实例(Application.php)的构造函数中,将基本绑定注册到容器中,并注册了所有的基本服务提供者,以及在容器中注册核心类别名
public function __construct($basePath = null)
{
// 将基本绑定注册到容器中【3.1】
$this->registerBaseBindings();
// 注册所有基本服务提供者【3.2】
$this->registerBaseServiceProviders();
// 在容器中注册核心类别名【3.3】
$this->registerCoreContainerAliases();
}
3.1、将基本绑定注册到容器中
static::setInstance($this);
$this->instance('app', $this);
$this->instance(Container::class, $this);
$this->singleton(Mix::class);
$this->instance(PackageManifest::class, new PackageManifest(
new Filesystem, $this->basePath(), $this->getCachedPackagesPath()
));
# 注:instance方法为将...注册为共享实例,singleton方法为将...注册为共享绑定
3.2、注册所有基本服务提供者(事件、日志、路由)
protected function registerBaseServiceProviders()
{
$this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new LogServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
}
3.3、在容器中注册核心类别名
4、上面完成了类的自动加载、服务提供者注册、核心类的绑定、以及基本注册的绑定
5、开始解析http请求
index.php
// 5.1
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\\Contracts\\Http\\Kernel::class);
// 5.2
$response = $kernel->handle(
// 根据 Symfony 的 request 对象封装出 Illuminate\\Http\\Request
$request = Illuminate\\Http\\Request::capture()
);
5.1 make方法是从容器解析给定值
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\\Contracts\\Http\\Kernel::class);
中的Illuminate\\Contracts\\Http\\Kernel::class
是在index.php 中的
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
这里面进行绑定的,
实际指向的就是App\\Http\\Kernel::class
这个类 5.2 这里对http请求进行处理
$response = $kernel->handle(
$request = Illuminate\\Http\\Request::capture()
);
进入$kernel所代表的类App\Http\Kernel.php中,我们可以看到其实里面只是定义了一些中间件相关的内容,并没有handle方法
我们再到它的父类use Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel as HttpKernel;
中找handle方法,可以看到handle方法是这样的
public function handle($request)
{
try {
$request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();
// 最核心的处理http请求的地方【6】
$response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
} catch (Exception $e) {
$this->reportException($e);
$response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
} catch (Throwable $e) {
$this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e));
$response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
}
$this->app['events']->dispatch(
new Events\\RequestHandled($request, $response)
);
return $response;
}
6、处理http请求(将request绑定到共享实例,并使用管道模式处理用户请求)
vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php的handle方法
// 最核心的处理http请求的地方
$response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
进入sendRequestThroughRouter方法
protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
{
// 将请求$request绑定到共享实例
$this->app->instance('request', $request);
// 将请求request从已解析的门面实例中清除(因为已经绑定到共享实例中了,没必要再浪费资源了)
Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');
// 引导应用程序进行HTTP请求
$this->bootstrap();【7、8】
// 进入管道模式,经过中间件,然后处理用户的请求【9、10】
return (new Pipeline($this->app))//创建管道
->send($request) //发送请求
->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware) //通过中间件
->then($this->dispatchToRouter()); //分发到路由
}
7、在bootstrap方法中,运行给定的引导类数组$bootstrappers,加载配置文件、环境变量、服务提供者、门面、异常处理、引导提供者,非常重要的一步
位置在vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
/**
* Bootstrap the application for HTTP requests.
*
* @return void
*/
public function bootstrap()
{
if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
$this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
}
}
/**
* 运行给定的引导类数组
*
* @param string[] $bootstrappers
* @return void
*/
public function bootstrapWith(array $bootstrappers)
{
$this->hasBeenBootstrapped = true;
foreach ($bootstrappers as $bootstrapper) {
$this['events']->dispatch('bootstrapping: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);
$this->make($bootstrapper)->bootstrap($this);
$this['events']->dispatch('bootstrapped: '.$bootstrapper, [$this]);
}
}
/**
* Get the bootstrap classes for the application.
*
* @return array
*/
protected function bootstrappers()
{
return $this->bootstrappers;
}
/**
* 应用程序的引导类
*
* @var array
*/
protected $bootstrappers = [
// 加载环境变量
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\LoadEnvironmentVariables::class,
// 加载config配置文件【重点】
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\LoadConfiguration::class,
// 加载异常处理
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions::class,
// 加载门面注册
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\RegisterFacades::class,
// 加载在config/app.php中的providers数组里所定义的服务【8 重点】
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\RegisterProviders::class,
// 记载引导提供者
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\BootProviders::class,
];
8、加载config/app.php中的providers数组里所定义的服务
Illuminate\\Auth\\AuthServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Broadcasting\\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Bus\\BusServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Cache\\CacheServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Foundation\\Providers\\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Cookie\\CookieServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Database\\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Encryption\\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Filesystem\\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Foundation\\Providers\\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Hashing\\HashServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Mail\\MailServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Notifications\\NotificationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Pagination\\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Pipeline\\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Queue\\QueueServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Redis\\RedisServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Auth\\Passwords\\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Session\\SessionServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Translation\\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\Validation\\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
Illuminate\\View\\ViewServiceProvider::class,
App\\Providers\\AppServiceProvider::class,
App\\Providers\\AuthServiceProvider::class,
App\\Providers\\EventServiceProvider::class,
App\\Providers\\RouteServiceProvider::class,
/**
* 自己添加的服务提供者
*/
\\App\\Providers\\HelperServiceProvider::class
可以看到,关于常用的 Redis、session、queue、auth、database、Route 等服务都是在这里进行加载的
9、使用管道模式处理用户请求,先经过中间件进行处理
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
->send($request)
// 如果没有为程序禁用中间件,则加载中间件(位置在app/Http/Kernel.php的$middleware属性)
->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}
app/Http/Kernel.php
/**
* 应用程序的全局HTTP中间件
*
* These middleware are run during every request to your application.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middleware = [
\\App\\Http\\Middleware\\TrustHosts::class,
\\App\\Http\\Middleware\\TrustProxies::class,
\\Fruitcake\\Cors\\HandleCors::class,
\\App\\Http\\Middleware\\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Middleware\\ValidatePostSize::class,
\\App\\Http\\Middleware\\TrimStrings::class,
\\Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Middleware\\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class
];
10、经过中间件处理后,再进行请求分发(包括查找匹配路由)
/**
* 10.1 通过中间件/路由器发送给定的请求
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @return \\Illuminate\\Http\\Response
*/
protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
{
...
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
...
// 进行请求分发
->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}
/**
* 10.2 获取路由调度程序回调
*
* @return \\Closure
*/
protected function dispatchToRouter()
{
return function ($request) {
$this->app->instance('request', $request);
// 将请求发送到应用程序
return $this->router->dispatch($request);
};
}
/**
* 10.3 将请求发送到应用程序
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @return \\Illuminate\\Http\\Response|\\Illuminate\\Http\\JsonResponse
*/
public function dispatch(Request $request)
{
$this->currentRequest = $request;
return $this->dispatchToRoute($request);
}
/**
* 10.4 将请求分派到路由并返回响应【重点在runRoute方法】
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @return \\Illuminate\\Http\\Response|\\Illuminate\\Http\\JsonResponse
*/
public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
{
//查询路由并执行路由
return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
}
/**
* 10.5 查找与给定请求匹配的路由
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @return \\Illuminate\\Routing\\Route
*/
protected function findRoute($request)
{
// 匹配路由
$this->current = $route = $this->routes->match($request);
$this->container->instance(Route::class, $route);
return $route;
}
/**
* 10.6 查找与给定请求匹配的第一条路由
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @return \\Illuminate\\Routing\\Route
*
* @throws \\Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\Exception\\NotFoundHttpException
*/
public function match(Request $request)
{
// 获取用户的请求类型(get、post、delete、put),然后根据请求类型选择对应的路由
$routes = $this->get($request->getMethod());
// 匹配路由
$route = $this->matchAgainstRoutes($routes, $request);
if (! is_null($route)) {
return $route->bind($request);
}
$others = $this->checkForAlternateVerbs($request);
if (count($others) > 0) {
return $this->getRouteForMethods($request, $others);
}
throw new NotFoundHttpException;
}
到现在,已经找到与请求相匹配的路由了,之后将运行了,也就是10.4 中的runRoute 方法
/**
* 10.4 将请求分派到路由并返回响应
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @return \\Illuminate\\Http\\Response|\\Illuminate\\Http\\JsonResponse
*/
public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
{
return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
}
/**
* 10.7 返回给定路线的响应
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @param \\Illuminate\\Routing\\Route $route
* @return \\Illuminate\\Http\\Response|\\Illuminate\\Http\\JsonResponse
*/
protected function runRoute(Request $request, Route $route)
{
$request->setRouteResolver(function () use ($route) {
return $route;
});
$this->events->dispatch(new Events\\RouteMatched($route, $request));
return $this->prepareResponse($request,
$this->runRouteWithinStack($route, $request)
);
}
/**
* Run the given route within a Stack "onion" instance.
* 10.8 在栈中运行路由
*
* @param \\Illuminate\\Routing\\Route $route
* @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
* @return mixed
*/
protected function runRouteWithinStack(Route $route, Request $request)
{
$shouldSkipMiddleware = $this->container->bound('middleware.disable') &&
$this->container->make('middleware.disable') === true;
$middleware = $shouldSkipMiddleware ? [] : $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($route);
return (new Pipeline($this->container))
->send($request)
->through($middleware)
->then(function ($request) use ($route) {
return $this->prepareResponse(
$request, $route->run()
);
});
}
11、运行路由并返回响应[重点]
可以看到,10.7 中有一个方法是prepareResponse,该方法是从给定值创建响应实例,而 runRouteWithinStack 方法则是在栈中运行路由,也就是说,http的请求和响应都将在这里完成
prepareResponse
调用toResponse,最后执行prepare
public function prepare(Request $request)
{
$headers = $this->headers;
if ($this->isInformational() || $this->isEmpty()) {
$this->setContent(null);
$headers->remove('Content-Type');
$headers->remove('Content-Length');
// prevent PHP from sending the Content-Type header based on default_mimetype
ini_set('default_mimetype', '');
} else {
// Content-type based on the Request
if (!$headers->has('Content-Type')) {
$format = $request->getRequestFormat(null);
if (null !== $format && $mimeType = $request->getMimeType($format)) {
$headers->set('Content-Type', $mimeType);
}
}
// Fix Content-Type
$charset = $this->charset ?: 'UTF-8';
if (!$headers->has('Content-Type')) {
$headers->set('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset='.$charset);
} elseif (0 === stripos($headers->get('Content-Type'), 'text/') && false === stripos($headers->get('Content-Type'), 'charset')) {
// add the charset
$headers->set('Content-Type', $headers->get('Content-Type').'; charset='.$charset);
}
// Fix Content-Length
if ($headers->has('Transfer-Encoding')) {
$headers->remove('Content-Length');
}
if ($request->isMethod('HEAD')) {
// cf. RFC2616 14.13
$length = $headers->get('Content-Length');
$this->setContent(null);
if ($length) {
$headers->set('Content-Length', $length);
}
}
}
// Fix protocol
if ('HTTP/1.0' != $request->server->get('SERVER_PROTOCOL')) {
$this->setProtocolVersion('1.1');
}
// Check if we need to send extra expire info headers
if ('1.0' == $this->getProtocolVersion() && str_contains($headers->get('Cache-Control', ''), 'no-cache')) {
$headers->set('pragma', 'no-cache');
$headers->set('expires', -1);
}
$this->ensureIEOverSSLCompatibility($request);
if ($request->isSecure()) {
foreach ($headers->getCookies() as $cookie) {
$cookie->setSecureDefault(true);
}
}
return $this;
}
12、返回response($response->send();
)
public function send()
{
// 发送headers头 12.1
$this->sendHeaders();
// 发送返回内容 12.2
$this->sendContent();
if (\\function_exists('fastcgi_finish_request')) {
fastcgi_finish_request();
} elseif (!\\in_array(\\PHP_SAPI, ['cli', 'phpdbg'], true)) {
static::closeOutputBuffers(0, true);
}
return $this;
}
12.1、发送HTTP报头
public function sendHeaders()
{
// headers have already been sent by the developer
if (headers_sent()) {
return $this;
}
// headers
foreach ($this->headers->allPreserveCaseWithoutCookies() as $name => $values) {
$replace = 0 === strcasecmp($name, 'Content-Type');
foreach ($values as $value) {
header($name.': '.$value, $replace, $this->statusCode);
}
}
// cookies
foreach ($this->headers->getCookies() as $cookie) {
header('Set-Cookie: '.$cookie, false, $this->statusCode);
}
// status
header(sprintf('HTTP/%s %s %s', $this->version, $this->statusCode, $this->statusText), true, $this->statusCode);
return $this;
}
12.2、为当前响应发送内容
public function sendContent()
{
// 输出当前内容
echo $this->content;
return $this;
}
13、程序终止($kernel->terminate($request, $response);
)
public function terminate($request, $response)
{
// 13.1 执行程序终止前的中间件回调
$this->terminateMiddleware($request, $response);
$this->app->terminate();
}
13.1、在任何可终止的中间件上调用terminate方法
protected function terminateMiddleware($request, $response)
{
// 获取要执行的中间件,并合并路由中间件
$middlewares = $this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : array_merge(
$this->gatherRouteMiddleware($request),
$this->middleware
);
foreach ($middlewares as $middleware) {
if (! is_string($middleware)) {
continue;
}
[$name] = $this->parseMiddleware($middleware);
$instance = $this->app->make($name);
// 判断是否存在terminate方法,存在则调用
if (method_exists($instance, 'terminate')) {
$instance->terminate($request, $response);
}
}
}