用netty实现tcp简单通信

一般我们想要使用tcp通信,最原始的方法就是使用socket套接字,但是每次都要创建新的socket对象,并且在finally中关闭,好浪费资源,很麻烦。所以就是用netty工具,可以轻松地实现tcp通信,当然也可以实现http通信,因为我们需要用tcp通信,所以这里只研究tcp。

最好先了解一下netty是干嘛的,以及NIO是什么。

netty:

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34730511/article/details/98472924?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=netty&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-8-98472924.nonecase&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

BIO  NIO:

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_34301132/article/details/85786733?ops_request_misc=%257B%2522request%255Fid%2522%253A%2522164499824216780264047131%2522%252C%2522scm%2522%253A%252220140713.130102334..%2522%257D&request_id=164499824216780264047131&biz_id=0&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduend~default-1-85786733.first_rank_v2_pc_rank_v29&utm_term=NIO+BIO+AIO&spm=1018.2226.3001.4187

接下来就建项目了。这里我用的是maven项目,jdk1.8

  1. 引入netty的依赖


    io.netty
    netty-all
    4.1.36.Final

创建NettyServer类,在这个类中先创建一个方法,然后在这个方法中创建事件线程组,这个构造器里面可以不传参数。写一个run()方法,里边对需要的参数进行配置,

package com.yy.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;

public class NettyServer {

    public void run() {
        //创建事件线程组,
        EventLoopGroup boosGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        //创建服务启动器
        ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        try {
            //给服务启动器配置参数
            serverBootstrap.group(boosGroup, workerGroup)//绑定线程组
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)//Nio模式
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)//标识当服务器请求处理线程全满时,用于临时存放已完成三次握手的请求的队列的最大长度。主要是作用于boss线程,用于处理新连接
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)//启用心跳保活机制,主要作用与worker线程,也就是已创建的channel。
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler("DEBUG"))
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                            socketChannel.pipeline()
                                    .addLast(new StringDecoder())//加载编解码器
                                    .addLast(new StringEncoder())
                                    .addLast(new NettyServerHandler());//加载handler处理器
                        }
                    });

            //绑定端口,这里用到的是ChannelFuture类
            ChannelFuture future = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
            System.out.println("服务端启动成功....");
            //关闭通道
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //在这里关闭事件线程组,释放资源
            boosGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new NettyServer().run();
    }

}

再创建另外一个处理类,用于接收客户端发送的消息,并且给客户端发送应答,这个类继承于ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter类,重写其中的方法即可:

package com.yy.netty;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.net.InetAddress;

/**
 * 接收客户端发送的消息并返回应答
 */
public class NettyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyServerHandler.class);

    /**
     * 读取客户端的数据,也可以在这个方法中给ctx赋值,也就是给客户端返回的应答
     * @param ctx
     * @param msg
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
//        ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf)msg;
//        int readableBytes = in.readableBytes();
//        byte[] bytes =new byte[readableBytes];
//        in.readBytes(bytes);
//        System.out.println("服务端接收的倒的消息:"+new String(bytes));
//        System.out.println("远程连接到的地址为:"+ctx.channel().remoteAddress());
        //System.out.print(in.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
        System.out.println("服务端接收到一条来自客户端的消息:"+msg);
        ctx.write("我是服务端,我收到客户端的消息了,我现在给你返回");
       // logger.error("服务端接受的消息 : " + msg);
    }

    /**
     * 发生异常时关闭
     * @param ctx
     * @param cause
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

    /**
     * 读取数据完毕,就刷新ctx对象,把应答的信息推送给客户端
     * @param ctx
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        ctx.flush();
        //也可以使用下面的方法,一次性将应答信息写入并且推送出去,但是一般不这么用,一般是在read方法中返回应答信息,处理复杂的业务逻辑,在complete方法中推送
        //ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Hello World,I am Server.", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    /**
     * 将object类型转为字节数组的方法
     * @param object
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static byte[] objectToBytes(final Serializable object) throws IOException {

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos  =  null;
        try {
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
            oos.writeObject(object);
            oos.flush();
            return baos.toByteArray();
        } finally {
            if (oos != null)  {
                oos.close();
            }
            if (baos != null) {
                baos.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

3)创建NettyClient类

package com.yy.netty;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class NettyClient {
    private SocketChannel socketChannel;
    public  void run(Object msg){
        //配置线程组
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        //创建服务启动器
        Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();

        //配置参数
        bootstrap.group(group)
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY,true)
                .handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
                    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                            socketChannel.pipeline()
                                    .addLast(new StringEncoder())
                                    .addLast(new StringDecoder())
                                    .addLast(new NettyClientHandler());
                    }
                })
                .remoteAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);

        //连接
             ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect();
             System.out.println("客户端正在连接服务端...");
        //客户端断线重连逻辑
        future.addListener((ChannelFutureListener) future1 -> {
            if (future1.isSuccess()) {
                System.out.println("连接Netty服务端成功");
                future.channel().writeAndFlush(msg);
            } else {
                System.out.println("连接失败,进行断线重连");
                future1.channel().eventLoop().schedule(() -> run(msg), 20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            }
        });
        socketChannel = (SocketChannel) future.channel();

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        NettyClient nettyClient = new NettyClient();
        nettyClient.run("hi");
    }
}

创建Client的处理类

package com.yy.netty;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class NettyClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NettyClientHandler.class);

    private final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    public static byte[] responseByte;
    /**
     * 管道就绪时触发该方法
     * @param ctx
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        logger.info("云上建立连接时:" + sdf.format(new Date()));
        //ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Hello World,I am Client.", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }

    /**
     * 管道读取事件时会触发该方法,
     * @param ctx
     * @param msg
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("客户端收到服务端返回的消息:"+msg);
        byte[] bytes = objectToBytes((Serializable) msg);
        //byte []scaleMsg=(byte[]) msg;
        StringBuffer originalData=new StringBuffer();
        for (byte b : bytes) {
            originalData.append(b+" ");
        }
        System.out.println(originalData.toString());
        if(bytes!=null){
            responseByte = bytes;
        }


    }

    /**
     * 发生异常时触发
     * @param ctx
     * @param cause
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        ctx.close();
    }

    public static byte[] objectToBytes(final Serializable object) throws IOException {

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos  =  null;
        try {
                oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
            oos.writeObject(object);
            oos.flush();
            return baos.toByteArray();
        } finally {
            if (oos != null)  {
                oos.close();
            }
            if (baos != null) {
                baos.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

单机测试是否能连通,先启动服务端代码,再启动客户端代码,就可以直接发数据了,效果如下图所示:

服务端:

 

客户端:

现在暂时只能发送一次数据,但是服务端始终处于监听的状态,后边再研究吧!

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