typescript中interface,type和Record的使用

vite+vue3+ts中interface,type和Record的使用

  • vite+vue3+ts中interface,type和Record的使用
    • interface:接口
    • type:类型别名
      • 基本类型
      • 组合
      • 元组
      • 类型捕捉
      • 遍历属性
    • 扩展
      • interface扩展interface(合并)
      • interface扩展interface(继承)
      • type扩展type(合并)
      • interface扩展type
      • type扩展interface
    • Record
      • 简单使用
      • 复杂对象
    • 参考链接

interface:接口

中文官方文档:https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/interfaces.html

type:类型别名

https://www.tslang.cn/docs/handbook/advanced-types.html
https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/keyof-types.html

基本类型

type Person = string;

组合

interface People {
  name: string,
  weight: number
}
type Animal = {
  name: string,
}
type Cat = People | Animal

type Fruit = 'apple' | 'pear' | 'orange';
type Vegetable = 'broccoli' | 'carrot' | 'lettuce';

// 'apple' | 'pear' | 'orange' | 'broccoli' | 'carrot' | 'lettuce';
type HealthyFoods = Fruit | Vegetable;

const bf: HealthyFoods = 'broccoli';
console.log(bf);

const useDemo = function (food: HealthyFoods) {
  console.log(`Eating ${food}`);
}
useDemo('carrot');

元组

元组将不同类型的值按照预定义的顺序组合在一起,每个位置都有固定的类型,且位置的顺序在定义时是确定的

type ResponseCode = [string, number];
interface Dog {
  name: string;
}
interface Cat {
  age: number;
}
type Animal = [Dog, Cat];

// 创建一个 Animal 元组实例
const animal1: Animal = [
  { name: "Fido" },
  { age: 3 }
];
console.log(animal1[0].name); // 输出: "Fido"
console.log(animal1[1].age); // 输出: 3

类型捕捉

const orange = { color: "Orange", vitamin: 1}
// { color: string, vitamin: number }
type Fruit = typeof orange
let apple: Fruit;
apple = { color: "Red", vitamin: 2 }

type 会自动捕捉到 color 是 string 类型,vitamin 是 number 类型

let div = document.createElement("div");
type B = typeof div; // HTMLDivElement

遍历属性

type Keys = "firstName" | "lastName";

type Name = {
  [key in Keys]: string;
};

const myName: Name = {
  firstName: "kelen",
  lastName: "huang",
};

扩展

interface 总是可扩展的

interface扩展interface(合并)

interface Animal {
  name: string
}
interface Animal {
  honey: boolean
}
// 定义bear的实例
const bear: Animal = {
  name: 'wine',
  honey: true
}

interface扩展interface(继承)

interface Animal {
  name: string
}
interface Bear extends Animal {
  honey: boolean
}

const bear: Bear = {
  name: 'wine',
  honey: true
}
// 如果不写honey属性就会报错 

type扩展type(合并)

type创建后不能更改,不能通过同一个名称扩展,只能通过&去扩展

type Animal {
  name: string
}
type Bear & Animal {
  honey: boolean
}
// 定义bear的实例
const bear:Bear = {
  name: 'wine',
  honey: true
}

interface扩展type

type Animal = {
  name: string,
}

interface Bear extends Animal {
  honey: boolean;
}

type扩展interface

interface Animal {
  name: string,
}

type Bear = Animal & {
  honey: boolean
}

Record

https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/utility-types.html#recordkeys-type

  • Record 第一个key值类型,第二个为obj[key]数据的类型
  • Record 任意对象

简单使用

let termMap1 = {} as Record;
// 定义对象 Record 第一个string为key值,第二个为obj[key]数据的类型
termMap1 = {
  age:10, // 不能将类型“number”分配给类型“string”。
  num:'11'
}
console.log('termMap1',termMap1 );
typescript中interface,type和Record的使用_第1张图片

复杂对象

// Record 来限制 对象的key和value
type P = {
  [key: string]: number;
};
let p: P = { ppp: 10, ooo: 10 };
// k不是泛型  K泛型

// 01 Record 来限制 对象的key和value
type PP = Record;
let pp: PP = {
  ppp: 10,
  ooo: 10,
};

type PP2 = Record;
let pp2: PP2 = {
  ppp: "10", //  ppp: '10' 不能将类型“number”分配给类型“string”
  ooo: "10",
};

// 02 Record 来限制 复杂对象的key和value
interface term {
  info: number;
  checked: boolean;
}
type TermMap = Record;
// item项目  key:string  value: { info: 10, checked: true }
let termMap: TermMap = {
  xxx: {
    info: 10,
    checked: true,
  },
};

// 03 Record 来限制 复杂对象的key和value
interface info_config {
  name: string;
}
interface term2 {
  info: info_config;
  checked: boolean;
}
let termMap2 = {} as Record;
// 定义对象 Record 第一个string为key值,第二个为obj[key]数据的类型
termMap2 = {
  xxx: {
    info: {
      name: "111",
    },
    checked: true,
  },
};

// 04 Record 来限制 复杂对象的key和value
interface info_config3 {
  name: string[];
}
interface term3 {
  info: info_config3;
  checked: boolean;
}
let termMap3 = {} as Record;
// 定义对象 Record 第一个string为key值,第二个为obj[key]数据的类型
termMap3 = {
  xxx: {
    info: {
      name: ["1", "2"],
    },
    checked: true,
  },
};

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