07-09:链表review2

1、链表的中间节点

1)初始化结构不会写啊。。。

2)class ListNode:

    def  __init__(self,x):

        self.val=x

        self.next=None

l1=ListNode(1)

l2=l1

for i in range(2,7):

    l1.next=ListNode(i)

    l1=l1.next

fast=l2

slow=l2


while fast:

      if fast.next:

          fast=fast.next.next

          slow=slow.next

      else:

          fast=fast.next

print(slow.val)

2、链表每k个一组反转

核心思想:头插法

每一次把当前节点插到最前面

tmp=cur.next

cur.next=tmp.next

tmp.next=pre.next

pre.next=tmp

1)参考思路:

https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/b49c3dc907814e9bbfa8437c251b028e?tpId=117&&tqId=37746&rp=1&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/job-code-high/question-ranking

图解

2)核心代码

代码

3、链表的公共节点

1)哈希存储其中一个链表

        p1=pHead1

        p2=pHead2

        dict1={}

        while p1:

            if p1 not in dict1:

                dict1[p1]=1

            else:

                continue

            p1=p1.next

        while p2:

            if p2 in dict1:

                return p2

            p2=p2.next

        return

2)双指针

        p1=pHead1

        p2=pHead2

        while (p1!=p2):

            if  p1:

                p1=p1.next

            else:

                p1=pHead2

            if  p2:

                p2=p2.next

            else:

                p2=pHead1

        return p2

4、链表相加

牛客网:https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/c56f6c70fb3f4849bc56e33ff2a50b6b?tpId=117&&tqId=37814&rp=1&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/job-code-high/question-ranking

两个链表生成相加链表

描述

假设链表中每一个节点的值都在 0 - 9 之间,那么链表整体就可以代表一个整数。

给定两个这种链表,请生成代表两个整数相加值的结果链表。

例如:链表 1 为 9->3->7,链表 2 为 6->3,最后生成新的结果链表为 1->0->0->0。

示例1

输入:[9,3,7],[6,3]

返回值:{1,0,0,0}

核心思路:
明确相加之后进几余几

核心代码如下:

def addInList(self , head1 , head2 ):

        # write code here


        def reverse(head):


            pre=None

            cur=head

            while cur:

                tmp=cur.next

                cur.next=pre

                pre=cur

                cur=tmp

            return pre


        p1=reverse(head1)

        p2=reverse(head2)


        node=ListNode(0)

        res=node


        restay=0


        while p1 or p2:

            if not p1:

                p1=ListNode(0)

            if not p2:

                p2=ListNode(0)


            tmp=p1.val+p2.val

            tmp1=(restay+tmp)%10

            restay=(restay+tmp)//10


            node.next=ListNode(tmp1)

            node=node.next

            p1=p1.next

            p2=p2.next

        if restay!=0:

            node.next=ListNode(restay)

        return reverse(res.next)

5、合并K个有序链表

1)利用堆结构实现最小堆,进而对K个链表排序

首先,对链表首元素,加入堆中

pop出最小元素,后判断下一节点,再调整最小堆

核心代码如下:

        import heapq

        d = ListNode(0)

        p = d

        head = []

        for i in range(len(lists)):

            if lists[i] :

                heapq.heappush(head, (lists[i].val, i))

                lists[i] = lists[i].next

        while head:

            val, idx = heapq.heappop(head)

            p.next = ListNode(val)

            p = p.next

            if lists[idx]:

                heapq.heappush(head, (lists[idx].val, idx))

                lists[idx] = lists[idx].next

        return d.next

https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/65cfde9e5b9b4cf2b6bafa5f3ef33fa6?tpId=117&&tqId=37747&rp=1&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/job-code-high/question-ranking

2)递归调用

先实现合并两个有序链表,在进行递归实现合并所有链表

核心代码如下:

def merge(l1,l2):


            l=ListNode(0)

            pre=l

            whilel1 and l2:

                ifl1.val<=l2.val:

                    pre.next=l1

                    l1=l1.next

                else:

                    pre.next=l2

                    l2=l2.next

                pre=pre.next

            ifl1:

                pre.next=l1

            ifl2:

                pre.next=l2

            returnl.next


        ifnot lists:

            returnNone

        iflen(lists)<=1:

            returnlists[0]

        iflen(lists)==2:

            returnmerge(lists[0],lists[1])


        k2=len(lists)//2

        left=self.mergeKLists(lists[:k2])

        right=self.mergeKLists(lists[k2:])


        returnself.mergeKLists([left,right])


6、链表环的问题

1)链表是否有环

哈希表/快慢指针

if not head or not head.next:

            return False

        slow=head

        fast=head.next

        while fast!=slow:

            if not fast or not fast.next:

                return False

            slow=slow.next

            fast=fast.next.next

        return True 

https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/650474f313294468a4ded3ce0f7898b9?tpId=191&&tqId=36289&rp=1&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/job-code-high-algorithm/question-ranking

2)环的入口节点

哈希表/快慢指针

fast, slow = pHead, pHead

        while True:

            if not (fast and fast.next): return

            fast, slow = fast.next.next, slow.next

            if fast == slow: break

        fast = pHead

        while fast != slow:

            fast, slow = fast.next, slow.next

        return fast

参考题解:

环形链表 II(双指针法,清晰图解)

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/linked-list-cycle-ii/solution/linked-list-cycle-ii-kuai-man-zhi-zhen-shuang-zhi-/

https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/253d2c59ec3e4bc68da16833f79a38e4?tpId=191&&tqId=36292&rp=1&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/job-code-high-algorithm/question-ranking


7、链表重排

核心思路:中间节点+反转链表+链表合并

def reorderList(self , head ):

        # write code here

        def reverse(l):

            pre=None

            p1=l

            while p1:


                tmp=p1.next


                p1.next=pre


                pre=p1


                p1=tmp


            return pre

        def mergeList(l1: ListNode, l2: ListNode):

            while l1 and l2:

                l1_tmp = l1.next

                l2_tmp = l2.next

                l1.next = l2

                l1 = l1_tmp

                l2.next = l1

                l2 = l2_tmp

        if not head or not head.next:

            return head


        fast=head

        slow=head

        while fast.next and fast.next.next:

                fast=fast.next.next

                slow=slow.next


        mid=slow

        l1 = head

        l2 = mid.next

        mid.next = None

        l2 = reverse(l2)

        return mergeList(l1,l2)

https://www.nowcoder.com/practice/3d281dc0b3704347846a110bf561ef6b?tpId=191&&tqId=36654&rp=1&ru=/activity/oj&qru=/ta/job-code-high-algorithm/question-ranking

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/reorder-list/solution/zhong-pai-lian-biao-by-leetcode-solution/

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