Android NDK秘籍--编译静态库、调用静态库

此篇文章的目的:

将C/C++的源码直接编译成静态库,只能提供给底层调用。

注:比较适用于将第三方开源库编译成静态库,也可以将自己写的源码编译成静态库,给自己或其他人的底层调用。

本文目录:

1.开发环境配置

2.编译静态库方法

3.调用静态库方法

4.示例

1.开发环境配置

环境配置:

开发工具:Android Studio 3.0.1

Android SDK Tools:额外勾选CMake、LLDB、NDK三个选项

JDK版本:JDK 1.8

NDK版本:18.1.5063045

编译方式:CMake

第三方C/C++开源库:cJSON

新建Android项目配置:

Include C++ Support:进行配置NDK环境,勾选。主要是自动创建cpp目录和CMakeLists.txt,并自动在gradle中进行了ndk配置

C++ Standard:选择使用哪种C++标准,选择Toolchain Default。会使用默认的CMake设置。

Exceptions Support:启用对C++异常处理的支持,勾选。

Runtime Type Information Support:启用对运行时类型信息的支持,勾选。

2.编译静态库方法

详见Demo1

(1)先按照上述Android项目配置新建工程。

(2)以cJSON开源库为例,github上下载最新版本的cJSON源码,放入到项目的cpp目录下:

EF3KpR.jpg

(3)配置CMakeLists.txt文件:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

#打印LOG
message(STATUS "Cmake build type is: "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
message(STATUS "Cmake build android abi is: "${ANDROID_ABI})

#设置静态库和动态库的输出路径
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/output/libs/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}/${ANDROID_ABI})
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/output/libs/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}/${ANDROID_ABI})

#设置变量
set(LOCAL_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main/cpp)

#引入头文件
include_directories(
        ${LOCAL_PATH}/libs/source/cjson/
        )

#增加静态库
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             cjson

             # Sets the library as a shared library.
             STATIC

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             ${LOCAL_PATH}/libs/source/cjson/cJSON.c
             ${LOCAL_PATH}/libs/source/cjson/cJSON_Utils.c
             )

add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             native-lib

             # Sets the library as a shared library.
             SHARED

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp )

find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
              log-lib

              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
              # you want CMake to locate.
              log )

target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                       native-lib
                       cjson  #链接该静态库进行测试, 如果不测试, 则不需要链接

                       # Links the target library to the log library
                       # included in the NDK.
                       ${log-lib} )

(4)配置build.gradle文件,主要是配置编译哪种CPU类型的库,使用abiFilters,有些复杂的C/C++源码在编译不同CPU类型的库时,还需要一些其他的配置,使用arguments,具体配置根据需求进行更改,配置如下:

android {
    ...
    defaultConfig {
        ...
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                //arguments "-DANDROID_ARM_NEON=TRUE", "-DANDROID_TOOLCHAIN=clang"  
                //不写此行则默认使用CMake配置的变量列表
                cppFlags "-frtti -fexceptions"
                //abiFilters /*"armeabi",*/ "armeabi-v7a", "arm64-v8a", "x86", "x86_64"                 //不写此行则默认编译后面4个CPU类型的库
            }
        }
    }
    ...
    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            path "CMakeLists.txt"
        }
    }
}

(5)在命令行使用gradlew assemble命令进行编译,静态库会输出在设置的文件夹中。

3.调用静态库方法

详见Demo2

(1)先按照上述Android项目配置新建工程。

(2)以cJSON开源库为例,将编译好的静态库放入到项目的cpp目录下:

EF3a9A.jpg

(3)引入头文件,并使用C++类重新进行了封装:

#ifndef __Cjson_Utils_H__
#define __Cjson_Utils_H__

//此处导入C++的头文件
//#include "CObjectUtils.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

//此处导入C的头文件
#include "cJSON.h"
#include "cJSON_Utils.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif

class CCjsonUtils{
public:
    CCjsonUtils();
    virtual ~CCjsonUtils();

    static const char* getCjsonVersion();
};

#endif

(4)配置CMakeLists.txt文件:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

#打印LOG
message(STATUS "Cmake build type is: "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE})
message(STATUS "Cmake build android abi is: "${ANDROID_ABI})

#设置变量
set(LOCAL_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main/cpp)

#引入头文件
include_directories(
        ${LOCAL_PATH}/libs/include/cjson/
        ${LOCAL_PATH}/cjsonutils/
        )

#导入静态库
add_library(cjson STATIC IMPORTED)
set_target_properties(cjson    PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION    ${LOCAL_PATH}/libs/${ANDROID_ABI}/libcjson.a )

add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             native-lib

             # Sets the library as a shared library.
             SHARED

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp
             ${LOCAL_PATH}/cjsonutils/CCjsonUtils.cpp  #创建的C++工具类, 用于对C源码进行封装, 便于简化接口
             )

find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
              log-lib

              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
              # you want CMake to locate.
              log )

target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                       native-lib
                       cjson  #链接静态库

                       # Links the target library to the log library
                       # included in the NDK.
                       ${log-lib} )

(5)配置build.gradle,使用默认的即可,然后就可以正常调用了。

4.示例

Demo1地址:AndroidNdkCompileStaticLibrary

Demo2地址:AndroidNdkInvokeStaticLibrary

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