基于jQuery的AJAX和JSON的实例

通过jQuery内置的AJAX功能,直接访问后台获得JSON格式的数据,然后通过jQuer把数据绑定到事先设计好的html模板上,直接在页面上显示。
我们先来看一下html模板:
             < table  id ="datas"  border ="1"  cellspacing ="0"  style ="border-collapse: collapse" >
                
< tr >
                    
< th >
                        订单ID
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        客户ID
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        雇员ID
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        订购日期
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        发货日期
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        货主名称
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        货主地址
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        货主城市
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        更多信息
</ th >
                
</ tr >
                
< tr  id ="template" >
                    
< td  id ="OrderID" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="CustomerID" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="EmployeeID" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="OrderDate" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedDate" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedName" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedAddress" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedCity" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="more" >
                    
</ td >
                
</ tr >
            
</ table >
  
    一定要注意的就是里面所有的id属性,这个是一个关键。再来看一下AJAX请求和绑定数据的代码

        $.ajax( {
            type: 
"get",//使用get方法访问后台
            dataType: "json",//返回json格式的数据
            url: "BackHandler.ashx",//要访问的后台地址
            data: "pageIndex=" + pageIndex,//要发送的数据
            complete :function(){$("#load").hide();},//AJAX请求完成时隐藏loading提示
            success: function(msg){//msg为返回的数据,在这里做数据绑定
                var data = msg.table;
                $.each(data, 
function(i, n){
                    
var row = $("#template").clone();
                    row.find(
"#OrderID").text(n.订单ID);
                    row.find(
"#CustomerID").text(n.客户ID);
                    row.find(
"#EmployeeID").text(n.雇员ID);
                    row.find(
"#OrderDate").text(ChangeDate(n.订购日期));
                    
if(n.发货日期!== undefined) row.find("#ShippedDate").text(ChangeDate(n.发货日期));
                    row.find(
"#ShippedName").text(n.货主名称);
                    row.find(
"#ShippedAddress").text(n.货主地址);
                    row.find(
"#ShippedCity").text(n.货主城市);
                    row.find(
"#more").html("<a href=OrderInfo.aspx?id=" + n.订单ID + "&pageindex="+pageIndex+">&nbsp;More</a>");                    
                    row.attr(
"id","ready");//改变绑定好数据的行的id
                    row.appendTo("#datas");//添加到模板的容器中
                }
);

    这个是jQuery的AJAX方法,返回数据并不复杂,主要说明一下怎么把数据按模板的定义显示到到页面上。首先是这个“var row = $("#template").clone();”先把模板复制一份,接下来row.find("#OrderID").text(n.订单ID);,表示找到id=OrderID的标记,设置它的innerText为相应的数据,当然也可以设置为html格式的数据。或者是通过外部的函数把数据转换成需要的格式,比如这里row.find("#OrderDate").text(ChangeDate(n.订购日期));有点服务器控件做模板绑定数据的感觉。
     所有的这些,都是放在一个静态的页面里,只通过AJAX方法从后台获取数据,所有html代码如下:
<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html  xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
    
< title > test1 </ title >

    
< script  language ="javascript"  type ="text/javascript"  src ="js/jquery-latest.pack.js" ></ script >

    
< script  language ="javascript"  type ="text/javascript"  src ="js/PageDate.js" ></ script >

</ head >
< body >
    
< div >
        
&nbsp; < div >
            
< br  />
            
< input  id ="first"  type ="button"  value ="  <<  "  />< input  id ="previous"  type ="button"
                value
="  <  "  />< input  id ="next"  type ="button"  value ="  >  "  />< input  id ="last"  type ="button"
                    value
="  >>  "  />
            
&nbsp; < span  id ="pageinfo" ></ span >
            
< table  id ="datas"  border ="1"  cellspacing ="0"  style ="border-collapse: collapse" >
                
< tr >
                    
< th >
                        订单ID
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        客户ID
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        雇员ID
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        订购日期
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        发货日期
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        货主名称
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        货主地址
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        货主城市
</ th >
                    
< th >
                        更多信息
</ th >
                
</ tr >
                
< tr  id ="template" >
                    
< td  id ="OrderID" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="CustomerID" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="EmployeeID" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="OrderDate" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedDate" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedName" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedAddress" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="ShippedCity" >
                    
</ td >
                    
< td  id ="more" >
                    
</ td >
                
</ tr >
            
</ table >
        
</ div >
        
< div  id ="load"  style ="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; background-color: red" >
            LOADING....
        
</ div >
        
< input  type ="hidden"  id ="pagecount"  />
    
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >

    PageData.js就是包括上面AJAX请求和绑定数据代码的js,整个页面连form都不用,这样做有什么好处呢。再看下面一个模板
             < ul  id ="datas" >
                
< li  id ="template" >
                    
< span  id ="OrderID" >
                        fsdfasdf
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="CustomerID" >
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="EmployeeID" >
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="OrderDate" >
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="ShippedDate" >
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="ShippedName" >
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="ShippedAddress" >
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="ShippedCity" >
                    
</ span >
                    
< span  id ="more" >
                    
</ span >
                
</ li >
            
</ ul >

    还 是要注意id属性。大家看到这里应该明白了,不管用什么样的表现形式,只要id属性相同,就可以把数据绑定到对应的位置。这样的话,我们这些做程序的就不 会因为美工的修改而修改代码了,而且美工也只要做出html就可以了,不需要为服务器控件做模板(不过我还没遇到过这样的美工,都是美工设计好了我来改成 服务器控件的模板)。

   

再简单说一下AJAX请求的后台,用的是Access的Northwind数据库,把订单表放到DataTable里,然后通过DataTable2JSON转化成JSON数据格式传回来就完了,不过后台用了一些分页和缓存的方法,希望对初学者有一些帮助。

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