day19操作系统awk命令

  • 三剑客命令之awk

awk

[root@oldboy63 ~]# ls -l ` which awk`
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Jul 13 15:25 /usr/bin/awk -> gawk

awk是gawk的软链接
gawk ---- pattern scanning and processing language
模式扫描和处理文件语言
语法:awk [参数] '模式{动作}' 文件
自己理解:'模式{动作}' 这里好像是用单引号,双引号不支持
原理图:

2.png

awk作用:
1.处理文件信息:文本文件信息 、日志文件信息、配置文件信息
2.处理文件方式:排除信息 、查询信息、统计信息、替换信息、对文件列进行处理
awk操作

创建测试环境
[root@oldboy63 ~]# cat reg.txt 
Zhang  Dandan    41117397    :250:100:175
Zhang  Xiaoyu    390320151   :155:90:201
Meng   Feixue    80042789    :250:60:50
Wu     Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75
Liu    Bingbing  41117483    :250:100:175
Wang   Xiaoai    3515064655  :50:95:135
Zi     Gege      1986787350  :250:168:200
Li     Youjiu    918391635   :175:75:300
Lao    Nanhai    918391635   :250:100:175

显示xiaoyu的姓氏和ID号码

[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$2~/Xiaoyu/{print $1,$3}' reg.txt 
Zhang 390320151
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$2~/Xiaoyu/{print $1" "$3}' reg.txt 
Zhang 390320151
$n  ---- 匹配第几列
~  -----  匹配信息  
!~  ------将匹配的信息进行取反
//   -----指定匹配信息

姓氏是Zhang的人,显示他的第二次捐款金额和他的名字

[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk -F '[: ]+' '$1~/Zhang/{print $1,$2,$5}' reg.txt 
Zhang Dandan 100
Zhang Xiaoyu 90
-F : 指定列分割符号(不指定符号默认是空格)

显示所有以41开头的ID号码的人的全名和ID号

[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$3~/^41/{print $1,$2,$3}' reg.txt 
Zhang Dandan 41117397
Liu Bingbing 41117483
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$3~/^41/{print $1,$2,$3}' reg.txt|column -t
Zhang  Dandan    41117397
Liu    Bingbing  41117483

显示所有ID号码最后一位数字是1或5的人的全名

awk '$3~/1$|5$/' reg.txt
awk '$3~/[15]$/' reg.txt
awk '$3~/(1|5)$/' reg.txt
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$3~/[15]$/{print $1,$2}' reg.txt 
Zhang Xiaoyu
Wu Waiwai
Wang Xiaoai
Li Youjiu
Lao Nanhai
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$3~/[15]$/{print $1,$2}' reg.txt |column -t
Zhang  Xiaoyu
Wu     Waiwai
Wang   Xiaoai
Li     Youjiu
Lao    Nanhai

获取文件中有井号或空行的内容,将空行和井号信息的行排除

第一个步骤: 找出需要编写模式信息
        awk '/#|^$/'  reg.txt       
        awk '$0~/#|^$/'  reg.txt    
        说明: $0 表示将文件所有列信息进行显示
        awk '$0!~/#|^$/'  reg.txt
        awk '!/#|^$/'  reg.txt
第二个步骤: 根据条件做处理
        [root@oldboyedu ~]# awk '$0!~/#|^$/'  reg.txt
        Zhang  Dandan    41117397    :250:100:175
        Meng   Feixue    80042789    :250:60:50
        Wu     Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75
        Liu    Bingbing  41117483    :250:100:175
        Zi     Gege      1986787350  :250:168:200
        Li     Youjiu    918391635   :175:75:300
        Lao    Nanhai    918391635   :250:100:175
        Lao    Nanhai    Xiaoyu   :250:100:175
        [root@oldboyedu ~]# awk '$0!~/#|^$/{print $0}'  reg.txt
        Zhang  Dandan    41117397    :250:100:175
        Meng   Feixue    80042789    :250:60:50
        Wu     Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75
        Liu    Bingbing  41117483    :250:100:175
        Zi     Gege      1986787350  :250:168:200
        Li     Youjiu    918391635   :175:75:300
        Lao    Nanhai    918391635   :250:100:175
        Lao    Nanhai    Xiaoyu   :250:100:175

显示Xiaoyu的捐款,每个捐款数额都是以110$220$330

[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$2~/Xiaoyu/{print $4}' reg.txt |sed 's#:#$#g'
$155$90$201
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$2~/Xiaoyu/{print $4}' reg.txt|tr ':' '$'
$155$90$201
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk -F "[: ]+" '$2~/Xiaoyu/{print "$"$4,"$"$5,"$"$6}' reg.txt
$155 $90 $201

awk替换
gsub  = gawk substitute
gsub(/要替换的信息/,"替换成什么".$将第几列)
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '$2~/Xiaoyu/{gsub(/:/,"$",$NF);print $NF}' reg.txt 
$155$90$201
说明:$NF 表示文件的最后一列信息

awk命令模式分类

[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk 'NR>2' reg.txt 
Meng   Feixue    80042789    :250:60:50
Wu     Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75
Liu    Bingbing  41117483    :250:100:175
Wang   Xiaoai    3515064655  :50:95:135
Zi     Gege      1986787350  :250:168:200
Li     Youjiu    918391635   :175:75:300
Lao    Nanhai    918391635   :250:100:175
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk 'NR<2' reg.txt 
Zhang  Dandan    41117397    :250:100:175
NR   ---- 表示文件行信息

[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk 'NR==2,NR==4' reg.txt  ------取连续多行 
Zhang  Xiaoyu    390320151   :155:90:201
Meng   Feixue    80042789    :250:60:50
Wu     Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk 'NR==2;NR==4' reg.txt      -----取不连续多行 
Zhang  Xiaoyu    390320151   :155:90:201
Wu     Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75

特殊模式:

BEGIN{动作}:在处理文件之前,先做什么事情
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print "姓","名","号码","捐款记录"}{print $0}' reg.txt |column -t
姓     名        号码        捐款记录
Zhang  Dandan    41117397    :250:100:175
Zhang  Xiaoyu    390320151   :155:90:201
Meng   Feixue    80042789    :250:60:50
Wu     Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75
Liu    Bingbing  41117483    :250:100:175
Wang   Xiaoai    3515064655  :50:95:135
Zi     Gege      1986787350  :250:168:200
Li     Youjiu    918391635   :175:75:300
Lao    Nanhai    918391635   :250:100:175
用于计算:
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk "BEGIN{print 2^2}"
4
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk "BEGIN{print 2**2}"
4
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk "BEGIN{print 2%2}"
0
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk "BEGIN{print 2+2}"
4
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk "BEGIN{print 2-2}"
0
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk "BEGIN{print 3/2}"
1.5

修改内置变量:

NF:  取出最后一列
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '{print $(NF-1)}' reg.txt
41117397
390320151
80042789
70271111
41117483
3515064655
1986787350
918391635
918391635

FS:  指定列分隔符, 默认识别空格为分割符
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk 'BEGIN{FS="[: ]+"}{print $4}' reg.txt
250
155
250
250
250
50
250
175
250
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk -vFS="[: ]+"  '{print $1,$4}' reg.txt
Zhang 250
Zhang 155
Meng 250
Wu 250
Liu 250
Wang 50
Zi 250
Li 175
Lao 250
v   ------ 指定变量信息

END{动作}:在处理文件之后,再做什么事情
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print "姓","名","号码","捐款记录"}{print $0}END{print "学生捐款登记表"}' reg.txt|column -t 
姓              名        号码        捐款记录
Zhang           Dandan    41117397    :250:100:175
Zhang           Xiaoyu    390320151   :155:90:201
Meng            Feixue    80042789    :250:60:50
Wu              Waiwai    70271111    :250:80:75
Liu             Bingbing  41117483    :250:100:175
Wang            Xiaoai    3515064655  :50:95:135
Zi              Gege      1986787350  :250:168:200
Li              Youjiu    918391635   :175:75:300
Lao             Nanhai    918391635   :250:100:175
学生捐款登记表

awk对文件进行统计分析
1.awk统计运算公式

a.文本信息累加运算
i=i+1
统计文件行数
awk '{i=i+1}END{print i}' test.txt
[root@oldboy63 ~]# cat >>test.txt< oldboy
> oldboy
> oldboy
> oldgirl
> Oldboy
> Oldbaby
> EOF
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '/oldboy/{i=i+1}END{print i}' test.txt 
3
[root@oldboy63 ~]# awk '/oldboy/{i++}END{print i}' test.txt 
3

b.数值信息求和运算
sum=sum+$n(要对文件第几列信息做求和运算)
[root@oldboy63 ~]# seq 10|awk '{sum=sum+$1}END{print sum}'
55
[root@oldboy63 ~]# seq 10|awk '{print sum=sum+$1}'
1
3
6
10
15
21
28
36
45
55

统计日志错误信息
awk '/Failed/{i++}END{print i}' secure-20161219
awk '$6~/Failed/{i++}END{print i}' secure-20161219'

windows文件如何传输到linux系统
1.直接拖拽
2.yum install -y lrzsz --- 实现windows和linux系统之间数据传输
rz -- 将windows数据 ---> linux系统

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