服务器版本 | docker软件版本 | CPU架构 |
CentOS Linux release 7.9 | Docker version 20.10.12 | x86_64 |
如下图描述了软件部署方式的变迁:传统部署时代、虚拟化部署时代、容器部署时代。
早期,各个组织是在物理服务器上运行应用程序。 由于无法限制在物理服务器中运行的应用程序资源使用,因此会导致资源分配问题。 例如,如果在同一台物理服务器上运行多个应用程序, 则可能会出现一个应用程序占用大部分资源的情况,而导致其他应用程序的性能下降。 一种解决方案是将每个应用程序都运行在不同的物理服务器上, 但是当某个应用程式资源利用率不高时,剩余资源无法被分配给其他应用程式, 而且维护许多物理服务器的成本很高。
因此,虚拟化技术被引入了。虚拟化技术允许你在单个物理服务器的 CPU 上运行多台虚拟机(VM)。 虚拟化能使应用程序在不同 VM 之间被彼此隔离,且能提供一定程度的安全性, 因为一个应用程序的信息不能被另一应用程序随意访问。
虚拟化技术能够更好地利用物理服务器的资源,并且因为可轻松地添加或更新应用程序, 而因此可以具有更高的可扩缩性,以及降低硬件成本等等的好处。 通过虚拟化,你可以将一组物理资源呈现为可丢弃的虚拟机集群。
每个 VM 是一台 完整的计算机,在虚拟化硬件之上运行所有组件,包括其自己的操作系统。
容器类似于 VM,但是更宽松的隔离特性,使容器之间可以共享操作系统(OS)。 因此,容器比起 VM 被认为是更轻量级的。且与 VM 类似,每个容器都具有自己的文件系统、CPU、内存、进程空间等。 由于它们与基础架构分离,因此可以跨云和 OS 发行版本进行移植。
容器因具有许多优势而变得流行起来,例如:
Kubernetes 是一个可移植、可扩展的开源平台,用于管理容器化的工作负载和服务,可促进声明式配置和自动化。 Kubernetes 拥有一个庞大且快速增长的生态,其服务、支持和工具的使用范围相当广泛。
Kubernetes 这个名字源于希腊语,意为“舵手”或“飞行员”。k8s 这个缩写是因为 k 和 s 之间有八个字符的关系。 Google 在 2014 年开源了 Kubernetes 项目。 Kubernetes 建立在 Google 大规模运行生产工作负载十几年经验的基础上, 结合了社区中最优秀的想法和实践。
Kubernetes 为你提供的功能如下:
Kubernetes 集群架构如下:
Kubernetes 集群组件如下:
Kubernetes有两种节点类型:master节点、worker节点。master节点又称为控制平面(Control Plane)。控制平面有很多组件,控制平面组件会为集群做出全局决策,比如资源的调度。 以及检测和响应集群事件,例如当不满足部署的 replicas 字段时, 要启动新的 pod)。
控制平面组件可以在集群中的任何节点上运行。 然而,为了简单起见,设置脚本通常会在同一个计算机上启动所有控制平面组件, 并且不会在此计算机上运行用户容器。
控制平面组件如下:
节点组件会在每个节点上运行,负责维护运行的 Pod 并提供 Kubernetes 运行环境。
node组件如下:
Kubernetes集群架构:k8scloude1作为master节点,k8scloude2,k8scloude3作为worker节点。
服务器 | 操作系统版本 | CPU架构 | 进程 | 功能描述 |
---|---|---|---|---|
k8scloude1/192.168.110.130 | CentOS Linux release 7.9 | x86_64 | docker,kube-apiserver,etcd,kube-scheduler,kube-controller-manager,kubelet,kube-proxy,coredns,calico | k8s master节点 |
k8scloude2/192.168.110.129 | CentOS Linux release 7.9 | x86_64 | docker,kubelet,kube-proxy,calico | k8s worker节点 |
k8scloude3/192.168.110.128 | CentOS Linux release 7.9 | x86_64 | docker,kubelet,kube-proxy,calico | k8s worker节点 |
先配置节点的基本环境,3个节点都要同时设置,在此以k8scloude1作为示例首先设置主机名
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hostname
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hostname
k8scloude1
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens32
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens32
DEVICE=ens32
ONBOOT=yes
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPADDR=192.168.110.130
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.110.2
ZONE=trusted
重启网络
[root@localhost ~]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart NetworkManager
重启机器之后,主机名变为k8scloude1,测试机器是否可以访问网络
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.38) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=25.9 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=26.7 ms
64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=26.4 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 25.960/26.393/26.724/0.320 ms
配置IP和主机名映射
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.110.130 k8scloude1
192.168.110.129 k8scloude2
192.168.110.128 k8scloude3
#复制 /etc/hosts到其他两个节点
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# scp /etc/hosts 192.168.110.129:/etc/hosts
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# scp /etc/hosts 192.168.110.128:/etc/hosts
#可以ping通其他两个节点则成功
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# ping k8scloude1
PING k8scloude1 (192.168.110.130) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from k8scloude1 (192.168.110.130): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms
64 bytes from k8scloude1 (192.168.110.130): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
^C
--- k8scloude1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.044/0.048/0.053/0.008 ms
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# ping k8scloude2
PING k8scloude2 (192.168.110.129) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from k8scloude2 (192.168.110.129): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.297 ms
64 bytes from k8scloude2 (192.168.110.129): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.05 ms
64 bytes from k8scloude2 (192.168.110.129): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.254 ms
^C
--- k8scloude2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.254/0.536/1.057/0.368 ms
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# ping k8scloude3
PING k8scloude3 (192.168.110.128) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from k8scloude3 (192.168.110.128): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.285 ms
64 bytes from k8scloude3 (192.168.110.128): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.513 ms
64 bytes from k8scloude3 (192.168.110.128): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.390 ms
^C
--- k8scloude3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.285/0.396/0.513/0.093 ms
下载新的yum源
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/* ;wget ftp://ftp.rhce.cc/k8s/* -P /etc/yum.repos.d/
--2022-01-07 17:07:28-- ftp://ftp.rhce.cc/k8s/*
=> “/etc/yum.repos.d/.listing”
正在解析主机 ftp.rhce.cc (ftp.rhce.cc)... 101.37.152.41
正在连接 ftp.rhce.cc (ftp.rhce.cc)|101.37.152.41|:21... 已连接。
正在以 anonymous 登录 ... 登录成功!
==> SYST ... 完成。 ==> PWD ... 完成。
......
100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 276 --.-K/s 用时 0s
2022-01-07 17:07:29 (81.9 MB/s) - “/etc/yum.repos.d/k8s.repo” 已保存 [276]
#新的repo文件如下
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo docker-ce.repo epel.repo k8s.repo
关闭selinux,设置SELINUX=disabled
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
配置防火墙允许所有数据包通过
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=trusted
Warning: ZONE_ALREADY_SET: trusted
success
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# firewall-cmd --get-default-zone
trusted
Linux swapoff命令用于关闭系统交换分区(swap area)。
注意:如果不关闭swap,就会在kubeadm初始化Kubernetes的时候报错:“[ERROR Swap]: running with swap on is not supported. Please disable swap”
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# swapoff -a ;sed -i '/swap/d' /etc/fstab
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Oct 18 23:09:54 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9875fa5e-2eea-4fcc-a83e-5528c7d0f6a5 / xfs defaults 0 0
k8s是容器编排工具,需要容器管理工具,所以三个节点同时安装docker,还是以k8scloude1为例。
安装docker
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
已加载插件:fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
......
已安装:
docker-ce.x86_64 3:20.10.12-3.el7
......
完毕!
设置docker开机自启动并现在启动docker
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# systemctl enable docker --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 六 2022-01-08 22:10:38 CST; 18s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 1377 (dockerd)
Memory: 30.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─1377 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
查看docker版本
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 20.10.12, build e91ed57
配置docker镜像加速器
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
> {
> "registry-mirrors": ["https://frz7i079.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
> }
> EOF
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://frz7i079.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
重启docker
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 六 2022-01-08 22:17:45 CST; 8s ago
Docs: https://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 1529 (dockerd)
Memory: 32.4M
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─1529 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
设置iptables不对bridge的数据进行处理,启用IP路由转发功能
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
> net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
> EOF
#使配置生效
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
三个节点都安装kubelet,kubeadm,kubectl:
#repoid:禁用为给定kubernetes定义的排除
##--disableexcludes=kubernetes 禁掉除了这个之外的别的仓库
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# yum -y install kubelet-1.21.0-0 kubeadm-1.21.0-0 kubectl-1.21.0-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 kubeadm.x86_64.0.1.21.0-0 将被 安装
......
已安装:
kubeadm.x86_64 0:1.21.0-0 kubectl.x86_64 0:1.21.0-0 kubelet.x86_64 0:1.21.0-0
......
完毕!
设置kubelet开机自启动并现在启动kubelet
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet --now
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
#kubelet现在是启动不了的
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# systemctl status kubelet
● kubelet.service - kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
└─10-kubeadm.conf
Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since 六 2022-01-08 22:35:33 CST; 3s ago
Docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/
Process: 1722 ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_KUBEADM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Main PID: 1722 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
1月 08 22:35:33 k8scloude1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
1月 08 22:35:33 k8scloude1 systemd[1]: Unit kubelet.service entered failed state.
1月 08 22:35:33 k8scloude1 systemd[1]: kubelet.service failed.
查看kubeadm哪些版本是可用的
[root@k8scloude2 ~]# yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
已安装的软件包
kubeadm.x86_64 1.21.0-0 @kubernetes
可安装的软件包
kubeadm.x86_64 1.6.0-0 kubernetes
kubeadm.x86_64 1.6.1-0 kubernetes
kubeadm.x86_64 1.6.2-0 kubernetes
......
kubeadm.x86_64 1.23.0-0 kubernetes
kubeadm.x86_64 1.23.1-0
kubeadm init:在主节点k8scloude1上初始化 Kubernetes 控制平面节点
#进行kubeadm初始化
#--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers:使用阿里云镜像仓库,不然有些镜像下载不下来
#--kubernetes-version=v1.21.0:指定k8s的版本
#--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16:指定pod的网段
#如下报错:registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0下载不下来,原因为:coredns改名为coredns/coredns了,手动下载coredns即可
#coredns是一个用go语言编写的开源的DNS服务
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version=v1.21.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.21.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING Firewalld]: firewalld is active, please ensure ports [6443 10250] are open or your cluster may not function correctly
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0: output: Error response from daemon: pull access denied for registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns, repository does not exist or may require 'docker login': denied: requested access to the resource is denied
, error: exit status 1
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
手动下载coredns镜像
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker pull coredns/coredns:1.8.0
1.8.0: Pulling from coredns/coredns
c6568d217a00: Pull complete
5984b6d55edf: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cc8fb77bc2a0541949d1d9320a641b82fd392b0d3d8145469ca4709ae769980e
Status: Downloaded newer image for coredns/coredns:1.8.0
docker.io/coredns/coredns:1.8.0
需要重命名coredns镜像,不然识别不了
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker tag coredns/coredns:1.8.0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0
#删除coredns/coredns:1.8.0镜像
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker rmi coredns/coredns:1.8.0
此时可以发现现在k8scloude1上有7个镜像,缺一个镜像,kubeadm初始化都不能成功
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.21.0 4d217480042e 9 months ago 126MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.21.0 38ddd85fe90e 9 months ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.21.0 09708983cc37 9 months ago 120MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.21.0 62ad3129eca8 9 months ago 50.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2ec 12 months ago 683kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns v1.8.0 296a6d5035e2 14 months ago 42.5MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.13-0 0369cf4303ff 16 months ago 253MB
重新进行kubeadm初始化
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version=v1.21.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.21.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING Firewalld]: firewalld is active, please ensure ports [6443 10250] are open or your cluster may not function correctly
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8scloude1 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.110.130]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8scloude1 localhost] and IPs [192.168.110.130 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8scloude1 localhost] and IPs [192.168.110.130 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 65.002757 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.21" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8scloude1 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8scloude1 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: nta3x4.3e54l2dqtmj9tlry
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.110.130:6443 --token nta3x4.3e54l2dqtmj9tlry \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9add1314177ac5660d9674dab8c13aa996520028514246c4cd103cf08a211cc8
根据提示创建目录和配置文件
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
现在已经可以看到master节点了
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8scloude1 NotReady control-plane,master 5m54s v1.21.0
接下来把另外的两个worker节点也加入到k8s集群。
kubeadm init的时候输出了如下这句:
kubeadm join 192.168.110.130:6443 --token nta3x4.3e54l2dqtmj9tlry --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9add1314177ac5660d9674dab8c13aa996520028514246c4cd103cf08a211cc8
在另外两个worker节点执行这一命令就可以把节点加入到k8s集群里。
如果加入集群的token忘了,可以使用如下的命令获取最新的加入命令token
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
kubeadm join 192.168.110.130:6443 --token 8e3haz.m1wrpuf357g72k1u --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9add1314177ac5660d9674dab8c13aa996520028514246c4cd103cf08a211cc8
在另外两个节点执行加入集群的token命令
[root@k8scloude2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.110.130:6443 --token 8e3haz.m1wrpuf357g72k1u --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9add1314177ac5660d9674dab8c13aa996520028514246c4cd103cf08a211cc8
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
[root@k8scloude3 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.110.130:6443 --token 8e3haz.m1wrpuf357g72k1u --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9add1314177ac5660d9674dab8c13aa996520028514246c4cd103cf08a211cc8
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.
在k8scloude1查看节点状态,可以看到两个worker节点都加入到了k8s集群
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8scloude1 NotReady control-plane,master 8m43s v1.21.0
k8scloude2 NotReady 28s v1.21.0
k8scloude3 NotReady 25s v1.21.0
可以发现worker节点加入到k8s集群后多了两个镜像
[root@k8scloude2 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.21.0 38ddd85fe90e 9 months ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2ec 12 months ago 683kB
[root@k8scloude3 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.21.0 38ddd85fe90e 9 months ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2ec 12 months ago 683kB
虽然现在k8s集群已经有1个master节点,2个worker节点,但是此时三个节点的状态都是NotReady的,原因是没有CNI网络插件,为了节点间的通信,需要安装cni网络插件,常用的cni网络插件有calico和flannel,两者区别为:flannel不支持复杂的网络策略,calico支持网络策略,因为今后还要配置k8s网络策略networkpolicy,所以本文选用的cni网络插件为calico!
现在去官网下载calico.yaml文件:
https://projectcalico.docs.tigera.io/about/about-calico
搜索框里直接搜索calico.yaml
下载calico.yaml文件
[root@k8scloude1 ~]#curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.24.5/manifests/custom-resources.yaml -O
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 212k 100 212k 0 0 44222 0 0:00:04 0:00:04 --:--:-- 55704
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# ls
calico.yaml
查看需要下载的calico镜像,这四个镜像需要在所有节点都下载,以k8scloude1为例
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# grep image calico.yaml
image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.21.2
image: docker.io/calico/cni:v3.21.2
image: docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.21.2
image: docker.io/calico/node:v3.21.2
image: docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.21.2
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker pull docker.io/calico/cni:v3.21.2
v3.21.2: Pulling from calico/cni
Digest: sha256:ce618d26e7976c40958ea92d40666946d5c997cd2f084b6a794916dc9e28061b
Status: Image is up to date for calico/cni:v3.21.2
docker.io/calico/cni:v3.21.2
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker pull docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.21.2
v3.21.2: Pulling from calico/pod2daemon-flexvol
Digest: sha256:b034c7c886e697735a5f24e52940d6d19e5f0cb5bf7caafd92ddbc7745cfd01e
Status: Image is up to date for calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.21.2
docker.io/calico/pod2daemon-flexvol:v3.21.2
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker pull docker.io/calico/node:v3.21.2
v3.21.2: Pulling from calico/node
Digest: sha256:6912fe45eb85f166de65e2c56937ffb58c935187a84e794fe21e06de6322a4d0
Status: Image is up to date for calico/node:v3.21.2
docker.io/calico/node:v3.21.2
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker pull docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.21.2
v3.21.2: Pulling from calico/kube-controllers
d6a693444ed1: Pull complete
a5399680e995: Pull complete
8f0eb4c2bcba: Pull complete
52fe18e41b06: Pull complete
2f8d3f9f1a40: Pull complete
bc94a7e3e934: Pull complete
55bf7cf53020: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1f4fcdcd9d295342775977b574c3124530a4b8adf4782f3603a46272125f01bf
Status: Downloaded newer image for calico/kube-controllers:v3.21.2
docker.io/calico/kube-controllers:v3.21.2
#主要是如下4个镜像
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
calico/node v3.21.2 f1bca4d4ced2 4 weeks ago 214MB
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol v3.21.2 7778dd57e506 5 weeks ago 21.3MB
calico/cni v3.21.2 4c5c32530391 5 weeks ago 239MB
calico/kube-controllers v3.21.2 b20652406028 5 weeks ago 132MB
修改calico.yaml 文件,CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR的IP段要和kubeadm初始化时候的pod网段一致,注意格式要对齐,不然会报错
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# vim calico.yaml
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat calico.yaml | egrep "CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR|"10.244""
- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
value: "10.244.0.0/16"
应用calico.yaml文件
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config unchanged
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/caliconodestatuses.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipreservations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org configured
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org configured
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers unchanged
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node unchanged
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node unchanged
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodDisruptionBudget is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+; use policy/v1 PodDisruptionBudget
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created
此时发现三个节点都是Ready状态了
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8scloude1 Ready control-plane,master 53m v1.21.0
k8scloude2 Ready <none> 45m v1.21.0
k8scloude3 Ready <none> 45m v1.21.0
查看kubectl自动补全命令
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl --help | grep bash
completion Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)
添加source <(kubectl completion bash)到/etc/profile,并使配置生效
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# cat /etc/profile | head -2
# /etc/profile
source <(kubectl completion bash)
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# source /etc/profile
此时即可kubectl命令tab键自动补全
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8scloude1 Ready control-plane,master 59m v1.21.0
k8scloude2 Ready <none> 51m v1.21.0
k8scloude3 Ready <none> 51m v1.21.0
#注意:需要bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch包,不然不能自动补全命令
[root@k8scloude1 ~]# rpm -qa | grep bash
bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch
bash-4.2.46-30.el7.x86_64
bash-doc-4.2.46-30.el7.x86_64
自此,Kubernetes(k8s)集群部署完毕!