通过 Amazon SES 发送邮件

使用Amazon SES发送邮件,首先需要做如下两步准备工作:

  • 注册AWS账户
  • 验证邮箱地址或domain

下面分别是两种通过Amazon SES发送邮件的方式:使用SMTP,使用SWS SDK

使用SMTP

  1. 登录AWS控制台主页。进入控制台主页后,选择 Simple Email Service 进入
  2. 进入SES主页后,选择SMTP Settings进入,将看到如下界面:


    该页面可以看到Server Name和Port的信息。

  3. 点击Create My SMTP Credentials, 进入下面的界面:


    这一步会创建一个用于SMTP认证的IAM的用户,可以设置自己的IAM 用户名。然后点击Create

  4. SMTP的安全凭证(用户名,密码)将会生成。该用户名,密码将在smtp login时使用。
    安全凭证只在生成时可见和可下载,最好是记下或下载下来,并妥善保管


    3-copy.png
  5. Server Name, Port, SMTP用户名,密码都准备好了,现在可以通过Amazon SES SMTP Interface来发送邮件了。
    下面是官网的Python例子(https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/DeveloperGuide/examples-send-using-smtp.html)
import smtplib  
import email.utils
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

# Replace [email protected] with your "From" address. 
# This address must be verified.
SENDER = '[email protected]'  
SENDERNAME = 'Sender Name'

# Replace [email protected] with a "To" address. If your account 
# is still in the sandbox, this address must be verified.
RECIPIENT  = '[email protected]'

# Replace smtp_username with your Amazon SES SMTP user name.
USERNAME_SMTP = "smtp_username"

# Replace smtp_password with your Amazon SES SMTP password.
PASSWORD_SMTP = "smtp_password"

# (Optional) the name of a configuration set to use for this message.
# If you comment out this line, you also need to remove or comment out
# the "X-SES-CONFIGURATION-SET:" header below.
CONFIGURATION_SET = "ConfigSet"

# If you're using Amazon SES in an AWS Region other than US West (Oregon), 
# replace email-smtp.us-west-2.amazonaws.com with the Amazon SES SMTP  
# endpoint in the appropriate region.
HOST = "email-smtp.us-west-2.amazonaws.com"
PORT = 587

# The subject line of the email.
SUBJECT = 'Amazon SES Test (Python smtplib)'

# The email body for recipients with non-HTML email clients.
BODY_TEXT = ("Amazon SES Test\r\n"
             "This email was sent through the Amazon SES SMTP "
             "Interface using the Python smtplib package."
            )

# The HTML body of the email.
BODY_HTML = """


  

Amazon SES SMTP Email Test

This email was sent with Amazon SES using the Python smtplib library.

""" # Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative. msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT msg['From'] = email.utils.formataddr((SENDERNAME, SENDER)) msg['To'] = RECIPIENT # Comment or delete the next line if you are not using a configuration set msg.add_header('X-SES-CONFIGURATION-SET',CONFIGURATION_SET) # Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html. part1 = MIMEText(BODY_TEXT, 'plain') part2 = MIMEText(BODY_HTML, 'html') # Attach parts into message container. # According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case # the HTML message, is best and preferred. msg.attach(part1) msg.attach(part2) # Try to send the message. try: server = smtplib.SMTP(HOST, PORT) server.ehlo() server.starttls() #stmplib docs recommend calling ehlo() before & after starttls() server.ehlo() server.login(USERNAME_SMTP, PASSWORD_SMTP) server.sendmail(SENDER, RECIPIENT, msg.as_string()) server.close() # Display an error message if something goes wrong. except Exception as e: print ("Error: ", e) else: print ("Email sent!")

使用AWS SDK (for python)

  1. 安装 AWS SDK for python(Boto)

pip install boto3

  1. 获取AWS Access Key
    要通过Amazon SES API来访问Amazon SES, 需要AWS Access Key(Access Key Id & Secret Access Key)。我们可以通过创建IAM用户来产生一个该IAM用户对应的Access Key。
  • 从控制台主页进入IAM


  • 进入“用户”, 然后点击“添加用户”



  • 设置用户名,勾上编程访问, 然后点击“下一步:权限”


  • 点击 直接附加现有策略


  • 搜索 ses


  • 选择 AmazonSESFullAccess, 然后点击下一步:审核


  • 点击创建用户



    用户创建成功,这里将会生成访问秘钥ID和私有访问秘钥。该秘钥对只有现在可以查看和下载,需要记下并妥善保管。
    关闭该页面后就会在IAM 用户主页面看到刚刚创建成功的新用户。


  • 点击进入可以看到该用户更多的详情



    现在我们就获取了AWS该用户的credential,并且该用户拥有SES的访问权限。

  1. 创建credential file
    创建下面的credential file. YOUR_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID,YOUR_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY就是刚刚获取的credential

[default]
aws_access_key_id = YOUR_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
aws_secret_access_key = YOUR_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

保存该文件到下面的路径:

If you're using... Save the file as...
Windows C:\Users.aws\credentials
Linux, macOS or Unix ~/.aws/credentials

注意不要带扩展文件名。

  1. 接下来就可以通过AWS SDK发送邮件了。
    下面是AWS官网的例子(https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ses/latest/DeveloperGuide/send-using-sdk-python.html)。
import boto3
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

# Replace [email protected] with your "From" address.
# This address must be verified with Amazon SES.
SENDER = "Sender Name "

# Replace [email protected] with a "To" address. If your account 
# is still in the sandbox, this address must be verified.
RECIPIENT = "[email protected]"

# Specify a configuration set. If you do not want to use a configuration
# set, comment the following variable, and the 
# ConfigurationSetName=CONFIGURATION_SET argument below.
CONFIGURATION_SET = "ConfigSet"

# If necessary, replace us-west-2 with the AWS Region you're using for Amazon SES.
AWS_REGION = "us-west-2"

# The subject line for the email.
SUBJECT = "Amazon SES Test (SDK for Python)"

# The email body for recipients with non-HTML email clients.
BODY_TEXT = ("Amazon SES Test (Python)\r\n"
             "This email was sent with Amazon SES using the "
             "AWS SDK for Python (Boto)."
            )
            
# The HTML body of the email.
BODY_HTML = """


  

Amazon SES Test (SDK for Python)

This email was sent with Amazon SES using the AWS SDK for Python (Boto).

""" # The character encoding for the email. CHARSET = "UTF-8" # Create a new SES resource and specify a region. client = boto3.client('ses',region_name=AWS_REGION) # Try to send the email. try: #Provide the contents of the email. response = client.send_email( Destination={ 'ToAddresses': [ RECIPIENT, ], }, Message={ 'Body': { 'Html': { 'Charset': CHARSET, 'Data': BODY_HTML, }, 'Text': { 'Charset': CHARSET, 'Data': BODY_TEXT, }, }, 'Subject': { 'Charset': CHARSET, 'Data': SUBJECT, }, }, Source=SENDER, # If you are not using a configuration set, comment or delete the # following line ConfigurationSetName=CONFIGURATION_SET, ) # Display an error if something goes wrong. except ClientError as e: print(e.response['Error']['Message']) else: print("Email sent! Message ID:"), print(response['MessageId'])

注意事项:

在使用SMTP方式创建SMTP安全凭证时,也会创建一个IAM用户。如下图所示:

  • SMTP安全凭证
  • 对应的IAM用户



    但是SMTP安全凭证并不是IAM用户的Access Key. 所以不能将SMTP的安全凭证用作访问AWS SES API的credentials。
    如果想用该IAM来访问SES SDK, 可以在该IAM下面重新创建一个访问秘钥(一个用户可以最多创建两个访问秘钥),用新生成的访问秘钥作为SES SDK Credential.
    除了访问秘钥,SMTP 创建的IAM用户的访问权限是AmazonSesSendingAccess

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": "ses:SendRawEmail",
            "Resource": "*"
        }
    ]
}

可以根据需要进行配置。

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