背景
本文总结ElasticSearch的一些常用命令和用法，会长期更新，希望对大家有所帮助。
常见操作
新建映射（mapping）
curl -X PUT 'localhost:9200/accounts' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"mappings": {
"person": {
"properties": {
"last_name": {
"type": "text"
},
"first_name": {
"type": "text"
},
"sex": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"age": {
"type": "integer"
},
"city": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"comment": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
}'
新建文档（document）
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/accounts/person/1/ -d '
{
"last_name": "wang",
"first_name": "kenny",
"sex": "male",
"age": 35,
"city": "hangzhou",
"comment": "kenny works for apbtour. "
}'
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/accounts/person/2 -d '
{
"last_name": "wang",
"first_name": "bob",
"sex": "male",
"age": 40,
"city": "shanghai",
"comment": "bob works for apbtour. "
}'
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/accounts/person/3 -d '
{
"last_name": "tao",
"first_name": "jialin",
"sex": "female",
"age": 34,
"city": "hangzhou",
"comment": "jialin works in hangzhou. "
}'
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/accounts/person/4 -d '
{
"last_name": "jiang",
"first_name": "jockey",
"sex": "male",
"age": 30,
"city": "shanghai",
"comment": "jockey works for apbtour. "
}'
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/accounts/person/5 -d '
{
"last_name": "yue",
"first_name": "qun",
"sex": "female",
"age": 29,
"city": "shanghai",
"comment": "yue qun does not works for apbtour. "
}'
当前索引数据如下：
image
简单查询
查询记录（http方式）
http://localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?q=last_name:wang GET
查询记录（curl方式）
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '{
"query": {
"term": {
"last_name": "wang"
}
}
}'
查询返回指定字段
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": { "match_all": {} },
"_source": ["last_name", "first_name"]
}'
查询特定范围（页数）的查询
以下语句显示第3 - 5条记录
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": { "match_all": {} },
"from": 2,
"size": 3
}'
查询特定ID值的数据
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '{
"query": {
"terms": {
"_id": ["1","4"]
}
}
}'
更新特定ID值的数据
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/1' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"last_name" : "Wang",
"first_name" : "fanggang"
}'
删除特定ID的数据
curl -X DELETE 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/7'
复合查询
单一搜索条件
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": { "match": { "last_name": "wang" } }
}'
AND类型搜索
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "match": { "last_name": "wang" } },
{ "match": { "first_name": "fanggang" } }
]
}
}
}'
OR类型搜索
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{ "match": { "last_name": "wang" } },
{ "match": { "sex": "male" } }
]
}
}
}'
排除类型搜索
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must_not": [
{ "match": { "last_name": "wang" } },
{ "match": { "last_name": "yue" } },
{ "match": { "last_name": "kan" } }
]
}
}
}'
复杂查询（多搜索条件）
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "match": { "last_name": "wang" } }
],
"must_not": [
{ "match": { "first_name": "bob" } }
]
}
}
}'
过滤查询
查询年龄在32 - 35岁之间的人。
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": { "match_all": {} },
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 32,
"lte": 35
}
}
}
}
}
}'
聚合查询
Count ... group by类型聚合查询
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"group_by_city": {
"terms": {
"field": "city"
}
}
}
}'
由于size设置为0，它并没有返回文档的信息，只是返回了聚合的结果。
image
统计平均年龄
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"group_by_city": {
"terms": {
"field": "city"
},
"aggs": {
"average_age": {
"avg": {
"field": "age"
}
}
}
}
}
}'
结果如下：
image
嵌套聚合查询（范围分组、统计平均值）
例如：先按年龄范围分组，再统计不同地域的平均年龄：
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/accounts/person/_search?pretty' -d '
{
"size": 0,
"aggs": {
"group_by_age": {
"range": {
"field": "age",
"ranges": [
{
"from": 20,
"to": 30
},
{
"from": 31,
"to": 40
}
]
},
"aggs": {
"group_by_city": {
"terms": {
"field": "city"
},
"aggs": {
"average_age": {
"avg": {
"field": "age"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}'
结果如下：
{
"took" : 8,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 5,
"max_score" : 0.0,
"hits" : [ ]
},
"aggregations" : {
"group_by_age" : {
"buckets" : [
{
"key" : "20.0-30.0",
"from" : 20.0,
"to" : 30.0,
"doc_count" : 1,
"group_by_city" : {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
"sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
"buckets" : [
{
"key" : "shanghai",
"doc_count" : 1,
"average_age" : {
"value" : 29.0
}
}
]
}
},
{
"key" : "31.0-40.0",
"from" : 31.0,
"to" : 40.0,
"doc_count" : 2,
"group_by_city" : {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
"sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
"buckets" : [
{
"key" : "hangzhou",
"doc_count" : 2,
"average_age" : {
"value" : 34.5
}
}
]
}
}
]
}
}
}
以上是ElasticSearch一些基本操作，本文档后续会持续更新，敬请关注。