RedHat/Centos系统中Python源码编译升级Python 2.6.6版到Python 2.7.15
1. 前言
升级python版本，有两种方式，第一种是通过RPM包的方式升级，第二种是通过源码编译升级。两种方式各有利弊，很难说那种好，RPM难找，源码编译依赖多，总之，都是需要很多依赖库的，而一般的环境都是没有外网的。
2. 环境版本信息
本文中的操作系统是RedHat6.9版本，属于比较老的版本，但是按照greenplum时，Python环境最低要求是Python2.7版本，系统自带的版本是Python2.6.6版本，因此只能升级Python版本来解决。
[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.9 (Santiago)
Release: 6.9
Codename: Santiago
[root@localhost ~]#
3. 安装步骤
3.1 Python2.7.15源码下载和配置。
源码下载就不多说了，配置的话，可以根据需要去配置，最简单的就是大部分默认安装，切换到源码目录，直接./configure就好。
如果有必要，可以通过命令./configure --help查看选项，如下图所示：
[root@localhost Python-2.7.15]# ./configure --help
`configure' configures python 2.7 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit
--help=short display options specific to this package
--help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages
-V, --version display version information and exit
-q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking ...' messages
--cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled]
-C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
-n, --no-create do not create output files
--srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
[/usr/local]
--exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
[PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
--sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
--libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
--sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
--sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
--localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
--libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
--includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include]
--oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
--datarootdir=DIR read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
--datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
--infodir=DIR info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
--localedir=DIR locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
--mandir=DIR man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
--docdir=DIR documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/python]
--htmldir=DIR html documentation [DOCDIR]
--dvidir=DIR dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
--pdfdir=DIR pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
--psdir=DIR ps documentation [DOCDIR]
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed]
--host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]
--target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
Optional Features:
--disable-option-checking ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
--enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
--enable-universalsdk[=SDKDIR]
Build fat binary against Mac OS X SDK
--enable-framework[=INSTALLDIR]
Build (MacOSX|Darwin) framework
--enable-shared disable/enable building shared python library
--enable-profiling enable C-level code profiling
--enable-optimizations Enable expensive optimizations (PGO, maybe LTO,
etc). Disabled by default.
--enable-toolbox-glue disable/enable MacOSX glue code for extensions
--enable-ipv6 Enable ipv6 (with ipv4) support
--disable-ipv6 Disable ipv6 support
--enable-big-digits[=BITS]
use big digits for Python longs [[BITS=30]]
--enable-unicode[=ucs[24]]
Enable Unicode strings (default is ucs2)
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
--without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
--with-universal-archs=ARCH
select architectures for universal build ("32-bit",
"64-bit", "3-way", "intel", "intel-32", "intel-64",
or "all")
--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK
specify an alternate name of the framework built
with --enable-framework
--without-gcc never use gcc
--with-icc build with icc
--with-cxx-main=
compile main() and link python executable with C++
compiler
--with-suffix=.exe set executable suffix
--with-pydebug build with Py_DEBUG defined
--with-lto Enable Link Time Optimization in PGO builds.
Disabled by default.
--with-libs='lib1 ...' link against additional libs
--with-system-expat build pyexpat module using an installed expat
library
--with-system-ffi build _ctypes module using an installed ffi library
--with-tcltk-includes='-I...'
override search for Tcl and Tk include files
--with-tcltk-libs='-L...'
override search for Tcl and Tk libs
--with-dbmliborder=db1:db2:...
order to check db backends for dbm. Valid value is a
colon separated string with the backend names
`ndbm', `gdbm' and `bdb'.
--with-signal-module disable/enable signal module
--with-dec-threads use DEC Alpha/OSF1 thread-safe libraries
--with(out)-threads[=DIRECTORY]
disable/enable thread support
--with(out)-thread[=DIRECTORY]
deprecated; use --with(out)-threads
--with-pth use GNU pth threading libraries
--with(out)-doc-strings disable/enable documentation strings
--with(out)-tsc enable/disable timestamp counter profile
--with(out)-pymalloc disable/enable specialized mallocs
--with-valgrind Enable Valgrind support
--with-wctype-functions use wctype.h functions
--with-fpectl enable SIGFPE catching
--with-libm=STRING math library
--with-libc=STRING C library
--with(out)-computed-gotos
Use computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by
default on supported compilers)
--with(out)-ensurepip=[=OPTION]
"install" or "upgrade" using bundled pip, default is
"no"
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command
CFLAGS C compiler flags
LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L if you have libraries in a
nonstandard directory
LIBS libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l
CPPFLAGS (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I if
you have headers in a nonstandard directory
CPP C preprocessor
PKG_CONFIG path to pkg-config utility
PKG_CONFIG_PATH
directories to add to pkg-config's search path
PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR
path overriding pkg-config's built-in search path
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to 3.2 源码编译依赖模块安装
Python源码编译一般都会报错，说某些模块找不到，我已经安装了必要的模块了，缺少的模块就比较少，此处就是为说明会报缺少模块而截图的，编译安装的缺少的模块信息如下图：
安装过的包大概有如下包，下面的包需要根据操作系统的不同，选择不同的版本。
[root@localhost greeplum]# ll
total 142004
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126508 Sep 10 19:30 apr-1.3.9-5.el6_9.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 89340 Sep 10 19:30 apr-util-1.3.9-3.el6_0.1.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49724 Sep 30 10:22 bzip2-1.0.5-7.el6_0.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256020 May 17 2018 bzip2-devel-1.0.5-7.el6_0.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37368 May 17 2018 bzip2-libs-1.0.5-7.el6_0.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29860 Jan 18 2018 gdbm-1.8.0-39.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26228 Jan 18 2018 gdbm-devel-1.8.0-39.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197208 Sep 10 19:36 libevent2-2.0.21-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 53232 Sep 10 19:33 libyaml-0.1.3-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 273996 Sep 15 11:58 ncurses-5.7-4.20090207.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 656736 Sep 15 11:59 ncurses-devel-5.7-4.20090207.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 182628 Sep 15 13:53 readline-6.0-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137392 May 17 2018 readline-devel-6.0-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82684 Sep 15 14:46 sqlite-devel-3.6.20-1.el6_7.2.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 81468 May 16 2018 sqlite-devel-3.6.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2007772 Sep 15 15:34 tcl-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 165760 Sep 15 15:31 tcl-devel-8.5.7-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 258220 Sep 15 15:29 tix-8.4.3-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 141828 Sep 15 15:26 tix-devel-8.4.3-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1469560 Sep 15 15:45 tk-8.5.7-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 507828 Sep 15 15:43 tk-devel-8.5.7-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 263756 Sep 15 13:58 tkinter-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost greeplum]# 根据参考文章的，有些包已经没什么用了 ，被弃用了，下面的包就没必要安装了，没必要安装的包如下图所示：
参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/wowocpp/article/details/80710984
3.3 去除被弃用模块
既然有些模块已经弃用了或者针对特定操作系统的模块，因此需要去除这些模块才能胜利通过编译。这些模块检测都在setup.py中detect_modules(self)函数中，需要移除的模块如下：
_tkinter，bsddb185，dl ，imageop， sunaudiodev
移除的方法，可以使用注释或者删除代码的方式来做到。
（1） 移除 imageop 代码（原行号：719行~723行）：
# Disabled on 64-bit platforms
if sys.maxsize != 9223372036854775807L:
# Operations on images
exts.append( Extension('imageop', ['imageop.c']) )
else:
missing.extend(['imageop'])（2） 移除bsddb185代码（原行号：1237行~1254行） ：
if os.path.exists(f) and not db_incs:
data = open(f).read()
m = re.search(r"#s*define\s+HASHVERSION\s+2\s*", data)
if m is not None:
# bingo - old version used hash file format version 2
### XXX this should be fixed to not be platform-dependent
### but I don't have direct access to an osf1 platform and
### seemed to be muffing the search somehow
libraries = host_platform == "osf1" and ['db'] or None
if libraries is not None:
exts.append(Extension('bsddb185', ['bsddbmodule.c'],
libraries=libraries))
else:
exts.append(Extension('bsddb185', ['bsddbmodule.c']))
else:
missing.append('bsddb185')
else:
missing.append('bsddb185')（3）移除dl代码（原行号：1545行~1553行）
# Dynamic loading module
if sys.maxint == 0x7fffffff:
# This requires sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == sizeof(char*)
dl_inc = find_file('dlfcn.h', [], inc_dirs)
if (dl_inc is not None) and (host_platform not in ['atheos']):
exts.append( Extension('dl', ['dlmodule.c']) )
else:
missing.append('dl')
else:
missing.append('dl')（4）移除sunaudiodev代码（原行号：1629行~1633行）
if host_platform == 'sunos5':
# SunOS specific modules
exts.append( Extension('sunaudiodev', ['sunaudiodev.c']) )
else:
missing.append('sunaudiodev')（5）移除_tkinter代码（原行号：1746行~1747行）
if '_tkinter' not in [e.name for e in self.extensions]:
missing.append('_tkinter')3.4 编译安装
编译：
[root@localhost Python-2.7.15]# make
安装：
[root@localhost Python-2.7.15]# make install
[root@localhost Python-2.7.15]# python
Python 2.7.15 (default, Sep 30 2020, 11:47:16)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 默认安装已经覆盖原来的python，所以不需要做链接，本来可能需要ln -sf xxx/xxx/python /usr/bin/python