2019年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解D

By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
根据一项新的研究，到本世纪末，如果没有更早的话，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将变得更蓝更绿。

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
这种现象的核心是被称为浮游植物的海洋微生物。由于光从生物体反射的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于浮游植物的种类和浓度。气候变化将在某些地区助长浮游植物的生长，而在其他地区则会相反，这导致了海洋外观的变化。

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
浮游植物生活在海洋表面，在那里它们将二氧化碳吸入海洋，同时释放氧气。当这些生物死亡时，碳就会埋在深海中，这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程。但浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。变暖改变了海洋的主要特征，并可能影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们的生长不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳，还需要营养物质。

Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
麻省理工学院全球变化科学中心的科学家斯蒂芬妮·杜特凯维奇建立了一个气候模型，预测整个世纪海洋的变化。在一个温度升高3℃的世界里，会发现海洋的颜色发生多重变化。该模型预测，目前几乎没有浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但在一些水域，如北极水域，变暖将使浮游植物生长条件更加成熟，这些地区将变得更加绿色。”不只是海洋中浮游植物的数量在变化，”她说，“浮游植物的种类也正在改变。”