探索为工程组织建立虚拟设计中心的策略-研发设计的VDI路线图

 

 

研发设计的VDI路线图

 

Discover a strategy toward building a Virtual Design Center for engineering organizations

探索为工程组织建立虚拟设计中心的策略

 

Desktop Virtualization is targeted to reach $11.2B, with 50 percent of U.S. organizations migrating or considering migration to virtual desktops. One would think that Desktop Virtualization is poised to be a platform of choice for engineers. Yet, most engineering organizations have been very slow to virtualize their engineering desktops. Whether they are still living in a workstation-centric view of their infrastructure or they think that Desktop Virtualization solutions are not ripe for an engineering usage, these organizations are ignoring some of the most compelling benefits that Desktop Virtualization can provide.

桌面虚拟化的目标是达到$ 11.2B，其中50％的美国组织正在迁移或考虑迁移到虚拟桌面。 有人会认为桌面虚拟化有望成为工程师的首选平台。 但是，大多数工程组织在虚拟化工程桌面方面一直非常缓慢。 无论他们是仍然以工作站为中心的基础结构视图，还是认为桌面虚拟化解决方案在工程上还不成熟，这些组织都忽略了桌面虚拟化可以提供的一些最引人注目的收益。

 

This white paper explores how Desktop Virtualization can help engineering organizations increase their competitiveness while reducing their costs, and provides a practical roadmap for building a Virtual Design Center for Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and CAD/CAM engineers.

本白皮书探讨了桌面虚拟化如何帮助工程组织在降低成本的同时提高竞争力，并提供了构建电子设计自动化（EDA）和CAD / CAM工程师虚拟设计中心的实用路线图。

 

 

1.0工程桌面的第三次革命

 

1.0 The Third Revolution of Engineering Desktops

Before Electronic Design Automation (EDA) or CAD/CAM existed, engineers were drawing integrated circuits and mechanical parts manually and would do layouts on paper. All of that changed in the beginning of the 1980s. Carver Mead and Lynn Conway released their seminal “Introduction to VLSI Systems” that would pave the way to the entire EDA industry. Simultaneously, computing costs went down, driven primarily by the introduction of the personal computer. Thus began the first revolution of engineering desktops: the workstation era.

在出现电子设计自动化（EDA）或CAD / CAM之前，工程师们是手动绘制集成电路和机械零件，并会在纸上进行布局。 所有这些都在1980年代初发生了变化。 Carver Mead和Lynn Conway发布了开创性的“ VLSI系统简介”，这将为整个EDA行业铺平道路。 同时，计算成本下降了，这主要是由于引入了个人计算机。 因此，开始了工程台式机的第一次革命：工作站时代。

 

For the next 15 years, engineering desktops would get better and more powerful. Two categories of vendors would emerge: hardware vendors and software vendors. On the hardware front, famous companies like HP®, Silicon Graphics®, or SUN® Microsystems would offer powerful design workstations to suit the exponentially growing needs for computing and graphic power. On the software side, Cadence®, Synopsys®, and Mentor Graphics® would slowly rise to dominate the EDA category, while Siemens, Dassault Systèmes, Autodesk®, and Parametrics would become the leaders on the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) CAD/CAM front.

在接下来的15年中，工程台式机将变得越来越强大。 将出现两类供应商：硬件供应商和软件供应商。 在硬件方面，像HP®，SiliconGraphics®或SUN®Microsystems这样的著名公司将提供功能强大的设计工作站，以适应对计算和图形功能不断增长的需求。 在软件方面，Cadence®，Synopsys®和MentorGraphics®会慢慢占据EDA类别的主导地位，而西门子，达索系统，Autodesk®和Parametrics将成为产品生命周期管理（PLM）CAD / CAM的领导者 面前。

 

Although everyone was finding benefits in selling or using these new solutions, costs kept rising and became one of the main barriers to entry. The price to equip a single engineer could easily climb over $100,000. For instance, an HP workstation would average $45,000 while a license of Unigraphics would cost around $30,000. Add to that a plotter for $30,000 and training and support cost at $20,000, and you have the cost of an average engineering desktop clocking just above $125,000.

尽管每个人都可以从销售或使用这些新解决方案中找到收益，但是成本一直在上升，并成为进入市场的主要障碍之一。 配备一名工程师的价格很容易超过100,000美元。 例如，惠普工作站的平均价格为45,000美元，而Unigraphics的许可价格约为30,000美元。 再加上30,000美元的绘图仪以及20,000美元的培训和支持成本，您的平均工程台式机时钟成本就略高于125,000美元。

 

Simultaneously, the rise of the personal computer led to absurd situations where engineers would end up with two machines on their desk; a graphic workstation or an X terminal for their engineering-related tasks and a personal computer equipped with communication and office productivity software.

同时，个人计算机的兴起导致了荒谬的局面，工程师最终只能在他们的桌上放两台机器。 图形工作站或X终端（用于完成与工程有关的任务），以及配备了通讯和办公生产力软件的个人计算机。

 

Those two phenomena—rising costs and the advent of personal office computing—led to the second revolution of engineering desktops: the emulation era. The coming of age of the PC in terms of graphic capabilities, combined with a steep decrease in mid-range server hardware, soon allowed organizations to remove expensive graphic workstations from the engineers’ desks and replace them with graphically powerful—but ten times cheaper PCs equipped with terminal emulation software that would connect the user to the engineering solution running on a cluster of mid-range servers.

这两种现象-成本上升和个人办公室计算的出现-导致了工程台式机的第二次革命：仿真时代。 PC在图形功能方面的时代的到来，再加上中端服务器硬件的急剧下降，很快使组织可以从工程师的办公桌上拆除昂贵的图形工作站，并用图形功能强大的图形工作站代替它们，但价格却便宜了PC十倍。 配备了终端仿真软件，可以将用户连接到在中型服务器群集上运行的工程解决方案。

 

This architecture will remain the de facto standard for engineering desktops for the next 15 years. Today, a lot of engineering companies are still using it. However, a number of economic and technical factors have started to shift organizations toward a new model: virtual desktops. This is the third revolution of engineering desktops.

在未来的15年中，该体系结构将仍然是工程桌面的事实上的标准。 今天，许多工程公司仍在使用它。 但是，许多经济和技术因素已开始使组织转向一种新模式：虚拟桌面。 这是工程台式机的第三次革命。

 

2.0向虚拟桌面的转变

 

2.0 The Shift to Virtual Desktops

 

2.1 Virtualization 101

2.1虚拟化101

 

Virtualization has been around for a long time. Its origin can be traced back to the late 1960s in IBM® laboratories. The core principle of virtualization is to create a new layer of abstraction between the computing hardware and the operating system running on that hardware.

虚拟化已经存在了很长时间。 它的起源可以追溯到1960年代后期的IBM®实验室。 虚拟化的核心原理是在计算硬件和该硬件上运行的操作系统之间创建新的抽象层。

 

At the heart of the virtualization technology is a component called the hypervisor. The role of the hypervisor is to orchestrate the interactions of the various virtual images with the computing hardware. The hypervisor can take different forms and come as software, firmware, or hardware. It is the heart of the virtualization system which creates and runs the virtual machines.

虚拟化技术的核心是称为管理程序的组件。 系统管理程序的作用是协调各种虚拟映像与计算硬件的交互。 系统管理程序可以采用不同的形式，可以是软件，固件或硬件。 这是创建和运行虚拟机的虚拟化系统的核心。

 

The benefits of virtualization are quite substantial, starting with the ability to run multiple instances of an operating system on the same hardware, or the portability of a virtual image from one hardware environment to the other, provided that the same virtualization stack is available on both.

虚拟化的好处是非常可观的，首先是可以在同一硬件上运行一个操作系统的多个实例，或者是虚拟映像从一个硬件环境到另一个硬件环境的可移植性，前提是两个虚拟机上都可以使用相同的虚拟化堆栈。

 

2.2 The rebirth of virtualization

2.2虚拟化的重生

 

It was only in 2005 that virtualization went mainstream in the IT landscape thanks to two parallel, yet distinct, developments in UNIX® and PC computing.

直到2005年，虚拟化才成为UNIX®和PC计算的两个并行但又截然不同的发展，从而成为IT领域的主流。

 

UNIX and Linux® server vendors considerably expanded their use of virtualization technologies which, until now, were reserved for high-end, expensive systems. The ever-increasing capabilities of hardware and the need to consolidate and manage large multi-processor server farms in order to reduce costs as well as the progress in hypervisor technologies all contributed to getting vendors such as Sun, HP, IBM, and SGI to provide virtualization as a core piece of their technology stack.

UNIX和Linux®服务器供应商大大扩展了对虚拟化技术的使用，直到现在，虚拟化技术仍只用于高端，昂贵的系统。 不断增长的硬件功能以及整合和管理大型多处理器服务器场以降低成本以及虚拟机管理程序技术进步的需求，都促使Sun，HP，IBM和SGI等供应商提供 虚拟化是其技术堆栈的核心部分。

 

At the same time, x86 virtualization made great progress, led by the efforts of Intel® and AMD, to build virtualization extensions into their processors, facilitating the emergence of software solutions such as those offered by VMware®, Parallels®, Citrix®, or Microsoft®.

同时，在英特尔®和AMD的努力下，x86虚拟化取得了长足的进步，将虚拟化扩展扩展到其处理器中，从而促进了诸如VMware®，Parallels®，Citrix®或 Microsoft®。

 

2.3 Desktop Virtualization

2.3桌面虚拟化

 

For a number of years, virtualization was primarily considered as a server technology. The reason was simple: servers were the candidate of choice to reap the benefits of virtualization and companies were eager to cut costs and centralize their server infrastructure into consolidated data centers. Soon, however, IT vendors and IT departments alike started to consider virtualization as a promising technology for the desktop.

多年来，虚拟化主要被视为一种服务器技术。 原因很简单：服务器是获得虚拟化优势的最佳选择，公司渴望削减成本并将其服务器基础架构集中到整合的数据中心。 但是，不久之后，IT供应商和IT部门都开始考虑将虚拟化视为台式机的有前途的技术。

 

Contrary to server virtualization, however, Desktop Virtualization was never limited to slipping a hypervisor underneath the operating system. In fact, a number of different technologies are often thrown under the moniker of Desktop Virtualization.

但是，与服务器虚拟化相反，桌面虚拟化从未局限于将虚拟机管理程序放到操作系统下方。 实际上，桌面虚拟化的名称经常抛出许多不同的技术。

 

2.4 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI)

2.4虚拟桌面基础架构（VDI）

 

The principle behind Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) is relatively easy to understand: create a virtual image of the user desktop and host multiple instances of the virtual image on remote servers or blade PCs. Then a connection brokering service will hook each user to their assigned virtual image and allow them to interact with the virtual desktop through a remote display protocol.

虚拟桌面基础结构（VDI）背后的原理相对容易理解：创建用户桌面的虚拟映像，并在远程服务器或刀片式PC上托管虚拟映像的多个实例。 然后，连接代理服务会将每个用户挂接到其分配的虚拟映像，并允许他们通过远程显示协议与虚拟桌面进行交互。

 

2.5 Remote desktop services

2.5远程桌面服务

 

In this architecture, user desktops are also hosted on a central server. However, the core difference with a VDI infrastructure is that they all run within a shared operating system environment—whereas VDI provides one operating system instance per user. Remote desktop services are accessed by users through a remote display protocol and can deliver full desktops or individual applications as needed.

在这种体系结构中，用户桌面也托管在中央服务器上。 但是，VDI基础结构的核心区别在于它们都在共享的操作系统环境中运行，而VDI为每个用户提供一个操作系统实例。 用户可以通过远程显示协议访问远程桌面服务，并且可以根据需要提供完整的桌面或单个应用程序。

 

2.6 Local desktop virtualization

2.6本地桌面虚拟化

 

This approach consists in putting the hypervisor on the client machine and having this hypervisor run a virtual machine instance locally on the user’s desktop. The virtual machine instance can be delivered from a central server or on a portable device, such as a USB key.

这种方法包括将虚拟机监控程序放在客户端计算机上，并使该虚拟机监控程序在用户的桌面上本地运行虚拟机实例。 可以从中央服务器或便携式设备（例如USB密钥）上交付虚拟机实例。

 

2.7 Desktop as a Service (DaaS)

2.7桌面即服务（DaaS）

 

DaaS is a delivery method for any of the Desktop Virtualization technologies mentioned above, and consists of providing these technologies via cloud computing through a Software-as-a-Service model. DaaS has become a mechanism of choice for organizations to enjoy the benefits of VDI without incurring the heavy investments required in setting up their own VDI infrastructure.

DaaS是上述任何一种桌面虚拟化技术的交付方法，包括通过软件即服务模型通过云计算提供这些技术。 DaaS已成为组织享受VDI好处而无需花费大量资金来建立自己的VDI基础结构的一种选择机制。

 

3.0虚拟设计中心：面向工程师的虚拟桌面

 

3.0 The Virtual Design Center: Virtual Desktops for Engineers

So how exactly does Desktop Virtualization apply to engineering groups? What are the benefits? Is it worth the investment? Those are some of the questions that most engineering desktop managers will be asking themselves as they are getting exposed to Desktop Virtualization technologies. Ultimately, it all comes down to one thing: why consider building a Virtual Design Center?

那么，桌面虚拟化到底如何适用于工程组呢？ 有什么好处？ 值得投资吗？ 这些是大多数工程桌面经理在接触桌面虚拟化技术时会问自己的一些问题。 归根结底，这归结为一件事：为什么要考虑建立虚拟设计中心？

 

3.1 A Virtual Design Center helps you do better engineering, faster

3.1虚拟设计中心可帮助您更快地进行更好的工程设计

 

Virtual desktop technologies radically transform the way you create and distribute desktops to your engineers. They also dramatically change the way your engineers work.

Virtual desktops have this unique quality that they can be both ubiquitous and totally transparent to your users. Building a Virtual Design Center and replacing your legacy desktops with virtual desktops will provide a lot of benefits to your engineering department:

虚拟桌面技术从根本上改变了您创建桌面并将其分发给工程师的方式。 它们还极大地改变了工程师的工作方式。

虚拟桌面具有独特的质量，可以无所不在，并且对用户完全透明。 构建虚拟设计中心并用虚拟桌面替换旧桌面将为您的工程部门带来很多好处：

 

·       Virtual engineering teams will finally all be on an equal footing, using the same versions of the same tools in the same environment.

·       最后，虚拟工程团队将在相同的环境中使用相同版本的相同工具，处于平等的地位。

·       With many organizations spread across different time zones and with budget falling, a virtual desktop infrastructure will help you foster collaborative practices between your engineering groups.

·       由于许多组织分布在不同时区并且预算下降，因此虚拟桌面基础结构将帮助您促进工程团队之间的协作实践。

·       Virtual desktops will greatly accelerate your ability to onboard engineers quickly and adjust your engineering infrastructure to the pace and the needs of the business.

·       虚拟桌面将极大地提高您快速加入工程师的能力，并根据业务的节奏和需求调整工程基础架构。

·       Removing geographical barriers between the users and their engineering applications will give you much greater latitude for recruiting and retaining talent.

·       消除用户及其工程应用之间的地理障碍，将为您招募和保留人才提供更大的自由度。

·       By giving engineers access to a better, faster, and always up-to-date version of their tools, you will help them reduce time to market.

·       通过为工程师提供更好，更快和始终最新的工具版本，您将帮助他们缩短产品上市时间。

 

3.2 A Virtual Design Center will make your IT infrastructure more agile

3.2虚拟设计中心将使您的IT基础架构更加敏捷

 

As our business environments become more and more elastic, it has become critical to align our IT infrastructures to a more agile model. Using virtual desktop technologies to build a Virtual Design Center will allow you to build engineering desktop policies and practices that are more flexible and more robust:

随着我们的业务环境变得越来越有弹性，使我们的IT基础架构适应更加敏捷的模型变得至关重要。 使用虚拟桌面技术来构建虚拟设计中心将使您能够构建更灵活，更强大的工程桌面策略和实践：

 

·       One of the most obvious benefits of a Virtual Design Center is that it will decrease your IT administrative overhead by simplifying and shortening provisioning of user desktops and applications.

·       虚拟设计中心最明显的好处之一是，通过简化和缩短用户桌面和应用程序的配置，它将减少您的IT管理开销。

·       At the same time, switching to a virtual desktop environment will shorten your desktop refresh cycles, providing you with the ability to roll out new software much faster.

·       同时，切换到虚拟桌面环境将缩短桌面刷新周期，使您能够更快地推出新软件。

·       From a security standpoint, using a virtual desktop can help reduce the surface of attacks, giving you better control of your desktop security tools and practices.

·       从安全角度来看，使用虚拟桌面可以帮助减少攻击的范围，从而使您可以更好地控制桌面安全工具和实践。

·       Their portability and rapid deployment abilities make virtual desktops also extremely well-suited for setting up disaster recovery centers where engineering tools can be redeployed to users in a matter of hours.

·       它们的可移植性和快速部署能力使虚拟桌面也非常适合于建立灾难恢复中心，在这里可以在几小时内将工程工具重新部署给用户。

·       Centralization of resources also makes a Virtual Design Center more efficient and capable of better balancing the load of the computing infrastructure based on the user or the business needs.

·       资源的集中化还使虚拟设计中心更加高效，并且能够根据用户或业务需求更好地平衡计算基础架构的负载。

 

3.3 A Virtual Design Center helps you reduce and control costs

3.3虚拟设计中心可帮助您降低和控制成本

 

One of the key benefits of a Virtual Design Center is also economic. While the Average Cost Per Unit (ACPU) of a virtual desktop still outweighs the ACPU of a traditional PC, many industry analysts predict that the opposite will become true as virtual desktop technologies mature. Visiongain, in their report on “Cloud-based Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) Market 2012-2017,” estimates that the ACPU of a virtual desktop was $900 vs. $820 for a regular PC in 2012. However, in the same report, Visiongain estimates that virtual desktops ACPU will match the PC ACPU as soon as 2014, and that by 2017, a virtual desktop ACPU will average at $670 while the PC will remain at $760.

虚拟设计中心的主要优势之一就是经济。 尽管虚拟桌面的平均每单位成本（ACPU）仍然超过传统PC的ACPU，但许多行业分析家预测，随着虚拟桌面技术的成熟，情况将相反。 Visiongain在其“ 2012-2017年基于云的虚拟桌面基础设施（VDI）市场”报告中估计，虚拟桌面的ACPU为900美元，而2012年为普通PC的820美元。但是，在同一份报告中，Visiongain 据估计，虚拟桌面ACPU最快将在2014年与PC ACPU相匹配，到2017年，虚拟桌面ACPU的平均价格将为670美元，而PC将保持在760美元。

 

Those calculations, however, are not sufficient to adequately reflect the specifics of desktops in engineering departments. Yes, PC vs. virtual desktop ACPUs are important, but let’s not forget that these machines are meant to connect engineers to software whose license cost tens of thousands of dollars. What is $10 or $20 in the grand scheme of things?

但是，这些计算不足以充分反映工程部门中台式机的具体情况。 是的，PC和虚拟桌面ACPU都很重要，但是请不要忘记，这些机器是用来将工程师连接到许可成本数万美元的软件的。 总体规划中的10美元或20美元是什么？

 

More interesting are the desktop management savings that an organization can yield by switching to a Virtual Design Center infrastructure. In their 2012 “Business Case for Desktop Virtualization” report, VMware calculated that switching to a virtual desktop infrastructure could save users 57 percent of their total time spent on administration. Not only is this number extremely impressive, but it also reflects benefits of Desktop Virtualization across all areas of desktop management: hardware and software deployment, user administration, application management, image management, user profile management, patching, data security, disaster recovery, data backup, helpdesk, and support.

更有趣的是，组织可以通过切换到Virtual Design Center基础架构来节省桌面管理成本。 VMware在其2012年的“桌面虚拟化业务案例”报告中计算出，切换到虚拟桌面基础架构可以为用户节省总的管理时间57％。 这个数字不仅令人印象深刻，而且还反映了桌面虚拟化在桌面管理的所有领域中的优势：硬件和软件部署，用户管理，应用程序管理，图像管理，用户配置文件管理，修补，数据安全性，灾难恢复，数据 备份，服务台和支持。

4.0建立虚拟设计中心101

 

4.0 Building a Virtual Design Center 101

 

So where should you start in order to build your Virtual Design Center? The answer is both easy and complex, but there are a number of steps that you should consider when starting this project.

那么，您应该从哪里开始构建虚拟设计中心？ 答案既简单又复杂，但是在开始此项目时应考虑许多步骤。

 

4.1 First, make a case

4.1首先，提出理由

 

It may sound obvious, but there are more people than you think who skip this basic step. Making a case will automatically begin by building your end-user device strategy. You have to take a critical look at the next 5 to 10 years and decide where your business needs to be in the landscape of end-user devices. Ultimately, you are going to have to calculate the anticipated ROI of VDI to compare it with your current desktop strategy and decide which is best.

听起来似乎很明显，但是跳过此基本步骤的人比您想象的要多。 建立最终用户设备策略会自动开始。 在接下来的5至10年中，您必须认真考虑一下，然后确定您的业务在最终用户设备领域中所处的位置。 最终，您将必须计算VDI的预期ROI，以将其与当前的桌面策略进行比较，并确定最佳选择。

 

Of course, many factors will influence your calculation: hard costs, such as manage- ment costs, device costs, user and application provisioning, etc. There are also softer costs, or opportunity costs that you will need to evaluate before making a decision. For instance, how much would it cost you in opportunity if you don’t make your engineers mobile? How much effort would it take you to handle a disaster recovery situation with or without a virtual desktop infrastructure?

当然，许多因素都会影响您的计算：硬成本，例如管理成本，设备成本，用户和应用程序供应等。还有较软的成本，或者您需要在做出决定之前评估的机会成本。 例如，如果您不让工程师移动，那么机会成本将是多少？ 使用或不使用虚拟桌面基础架构，您需要花费多少精力来处理灾难恢复情况？

 

4.2 Second, identify your use cases

4.2其次，确定您的用例

 

Assuming that you’ve decided to move ahead with your Virtual Design Center project, you will need to identify who among your engineers you are going to transition to a virtual desktop setup. Not every use case is well suited for a virtual desktop. Your job at this stage will consist in getting a deeper understanding of the requirements of your engineers and put those requirements in perspective with the market offering. This is not as easy as it seems. As you will soon discover, engineers crave three things when they use their desktops: speed, speed, and more speed.

假设您已决定继续进行Virtual Design Center项目，则需要确定要转换为虚拟桌面设置的工程师中的谁。 并非每个用例都非常适合虚拟桌面。 在此阶段，您的工作将包括对工程师的需求有更深入的了解，并将这些需求与市场产品相结合。 这并不像看起来那样容易。 您很快就会发现，工程师在使用台式机时渴望三件事：速度，速度和更高的速度。

 

Although Desktop Virtualization technologies have made great progress when it comes to performance, you need to make sure that you’re going to deliver a solution that will provide the engineer with at least the same, if not a better user experience. For instance, engineers doing layout of chips and circuit boards spend a lot of time panning and zooming all over the screen. You need to ensure that whatever virtual desktop solution you will choose will support high-performance graphic rendering, otherwise you might negatively affect their productivity.

尽管台式机虚拟化技术在性能方面取得了长足的进步，但您仍需要确保提供的解决方案能够为工程师提供至少相同甚至更好的用户体验。 例如，进行芯片和电路板布局的工程师花费大量时间在整个屏幕上平移和缩放。 您需要确保您选择的任何虚拟桌面解决方案都将支持高性能图形渲染，否则可能会对它们的生产率产生负面影响。

 

4.3 Third, design your virtual desktop infrastructure

4.3第三，设计虚拟桌面基础架构

 

There are many components that make up a virtual desktop infrastructure. You need to consider them all and decide how you want your design center to look. Among the various components that you’ll need to think about, here are the main ones:

有许多组成虚拟桌面基础结构的组件。 您需要考虑所有这些因素，并确定您希望设计中心的外观。 在您需要考虑的各种组件中，主要的是：

·       End-user devices: What are they going to be? Thin clients, tablets, mobile phones, PCs?

·       最终用户设备：它们将是什么？ 瘦客户机，平板电脑，手机，PC？

·       Connection broker: That’s the piece of your infrastructure that will be in charge of routing and connecting users to the various resource pools in your virtual design infrastructure

·       连接代理：这是您的基础架构的一部分，将负责将用户路由并将其连接到虚拟设计基础架构中的各种资源池

·       Remote Desktop Services vs. VDI vs. Local Virtual Machines: It is likely that you will end up with a combination of those, but you need to think about which piece will play what role in your VDI infrastructure.

·       远程桌面服务vs. VDI vs.本地虚拟机：您可能最终会结合使用它们，但是您需要考虑哪一部分将在您的VDI基础架构中扮演什么角色。

·       GPU-accelerated virtual desktop: If your use case involves complex, intensive real-time 3D rendering, this is going to be a must.

·       GPU加速的虚拟桌面：如果您的用例涉及复杂，密集的实时3D渲染，那么这将是必须的。

·       Back-end: If you haven’t done so (and if that’s the case, you should probably start with this before diving into a virtual desktop project), make sure that your back-end application, networking, and storage infrastructure is fully ready to welcome a virtual desktop layer

·       后端：如果您尚未这样做（如果是这种情况，那么您可能应该从此开始，然后再进入虚拟桌面项目），请确保您的后端应用程序，网络和存储基础结构已准备就绪 欢迎虚拟桌面层

 

4.4 Fourth, decide on your operational model

4.4第四，决定您的运营模式

 

There are three major ways you could operate your virtual desktop environment: private hosting, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), or Software as a Service (SaaS).

您可以通过三种主要方式来操作虚拟桌面环境：专用主机，基础架构即服务（IaaS）或软件即服务（SaaS）。

 

In the private hosting model, you are going to own and operate the entire virtual desktop infrastructure. This model obviously has certain advantages because you control every piece of the puzzle, but it’s heavy on Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) and requires a significant time investment from the IT group to set up.

在私有主机模型中，您将拥有并操作整个虚拟桌面基础结构。 该模型显然具有某些优势，因为您可以控制每一个难题，但它的资本支出（CAPEX）繁重，并且需要IT团队投入大量时间进行设置。

 

In the IaaS model, your VDI hardware infrastructure will be hosted in the cloud of a cloud service provider. You will, however, retain complete control over the installation and operation of your virtual desktop software infrastructure. This model is mostly interesting for organizations who need to scale their Virtual Design Center but who do not want to burn their CAPEX budget.

在IaaS模型中，您的VDI硬件基础结构将托管在云服务提供商的云中。 但是，您将完全控制虚拟桌面软件基础结构的安装和操作。 对于需要扩展其虚拟设计中心但又不想消耗其CAPEX预算的组织而言，此模型最为有趣。

 

Finally, the SaaS model will let you consume someone else’s virtual desktop infrastructure hardware and software. Of course, you will end up customizing the desktop image to contain the software you will need, but it will be the less expensive option as it requires almost no CAPEX and minimal investment from your IT department.

最后，SaaS模型将使您能够使用他人的虚拟桌面基础架构硬件和软件。 当然，您最终将定制桌面映像以包含所需的软件，但这将是较便宜的选择，因为它几乎不需要CAPEX，并且IT部门的投资最少。

 

4.5 Fifth, choose your vendors

4.5第五，选择您的供应商

 

As we discussed above, it is unlikely that you will end up with a single vendor who will provide you with the end-to-end Virtual Design Center solution. You will probably end-up assembling a collection of vendors based on their specialty and what issues they solve for you. Here are a few to get you started:

正如我们上面讨论的那样，您不可能最终会由一个单一的供应商为您提供端到端的Virtual Design Center解决方案。 您可能最终会根据供应商的专业知识以及他们为您解决的问题组装了一个供应商集合。 以下是一些入门指南：

·       Virtual Desktop software stack: Citrix, VMware, Microsoft, Red Hat®, Virtual BridgesTM

·       虚拟桌面软件堆栈：Citrix，VMware，Microsoft，RedHat®，Virtual BridgesTM

·       Virtual Desktop software and hardware: IBM, Dell®, Oracle®, HP

·       虚拟桌面软件和硬件：IBM，Dell®，Oracle®，HP

·       UNIX/Windows Remote Access: OpenText

·       UNIX/Windows远程访问：OpenText

·       Connection brokers: Ericom, LeoStreamTM

·       连接代理：Ericom，LeoStreamTM