ELK安装、部署、调试 （八）logstash配置语法详解
input {
#输入插件
}
filter {
#过滤插件
}
output {
#输出插件
}1.读取文件。
使用filewatch的ruby gem库来监听文件变化，并通过.sincedb的数据库文件记录被监听日志we年的读取进度（时间
搓）
。sincedb数据文件的默认路径为
于.sincedb_234534534sdfgsfd23，
vi /usr/local/logstash/2logstash-1.conf
input {
file {
path => ["/var/log/messages"],[]
type => "ly_system"
start_position => "beginning"
#从beginning也就是文件开头进行读取，如果不写，默认是从文件最后开始读取。
#如果不想把文件全部作为输入，就不配置此属性。
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
1.保存10.10.10.74 f-kafka-logs-es.conf的配置信息
[root@localhost logstash]# cat f-kafka-logs-es.conf
input {
kafka {
bootstrap_servers => "10.10.10.71:9092,10.10.10.72:9092,10.10.10.73:9092"
topics => ["osmessages"]
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["10.10.10.65:9200","10.10.10.66:9200","10.10.10.67:9200"]
index => "osmessageslog-%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
}
}2.停止logstash服务
kill -9 13508
3.使用2logstash-1.conf作为配置文件启动logstash
nohup /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/2logstash-1.conf &4.查看
tail -f nohup.out
{
"type" => "ly_system",
"path" => "/var/log/secure",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"message" => "Aug 31 08:43:56 localhost sshd[6920]: Accepted password for root from
172.16.17.234 port 1909 ssh2",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T00:52:13.054Z
}实验二：input插件添加域和标签
[root@localhost logstash]# cat 2logstash-1.conf
input {
file {
path => ["/var/log/secure"]
type => "ly_system"
start_position => "beginning"
add_field => {"I'm " => "10.10.10.74"}
tags => ["74","logstash1"]
#从beginning也就是文件开头进行读取，如果不写，默认是从文件最后开始读取。
#如果不想把文件全部作为输入，就不配置此属性。
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}***************************
add_field => {"I'm " => "10.10.10.74"} 添加一个新的域，自己定义的。
tags => ["74","logstash1"] tags是内置的域，可以用来定义标签。
***************************
输出结果
{
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"I'm " => "10.10.10.74",
"path" => "/var/log/secure",
"message" => "Aug 31 09:03:33 localhost sshd[14339]: Accepted password for root from
172.16.17.234 port 2684 ssh2",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T01:03:53.586Z,
"type" => "ly_system",
"tags" => [
[0] "74",
[1] "logstash1"
]
}实验三：input读取syslog日志。
需要完成2个步骤的操作，
1，vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
*.* @@10.10.10.74:5514 #10.10.10.74本机logstash服务器的IP地址，这个配置时使用rsyslog客户端把本机
的日志信息传输到10.10.10.74服务器的5514端口上去。
2.重启rsyslog
systemctl restart rsyslog
logstash配置文件如下：需要先启动，启动后会开启5514端口，用来侦听。
[root@localhost logstash]# cat rsyslog-logstash.conf
input {
syslog {
port => "5514"
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
[root@localhost logstash]#查看日志
tail -f nohup.out
[2023-08-31T09:51:20,356][INFO ][logstash.inputs.syslog ][main]
[1ac4f1a43da057380f8444a587ee7cb01fe84a0702afb9d46abc9667eeb0ea0c] Starting syslog tcp listener
{:address=>"0.0.0.0:5514"}
[2023-08-31T09:51:20,390][INFO ][logstash.inputs.syslog ][main]
[1ac4f1a43da057380f8444a587ee7cb01fe84a0702afb9d46abc9667eeb0ea0c] Starting syslog udp listener
{:address=>"0.0.0.0:5514"}日志源服务器 10.10.10.56 启动rsyslog客户端
1，vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
*.* @@10.10.10.74:5514 #10.10.10.74本机logstash服务器的IP地址，这个配置时使用rsyslog客户端把本机
的日志信息传输到10.10.10.74服务器的5514端口上去。
2.重启rsyslog
systemctl restart rsyslog
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
[root@node1 ~]# service status rsyslog
The service command supports only basic LSB actions (start, stop, restart, try-restart, reload, force-
reload, status). For other actions, please try to use systemctl.
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status rsyslog
● rsyslog.service - System Logging Service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 四 2023-08-31 10:00:47 CST; 31s agologstash信息输出
{
"facility_label" => "system",
"@version" => "1",
"timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:02:01",
"facility" => 3,
"host" => "10.10.10.56",
"logsource" => "node1",
"priority" => 30,
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:02:01.000Z,
"severity" => 6,
"severity_label" => "Informational",
"message" => "Removed slice User Slice of liuyang.\n",
"program" => "systemd"
}
{
"facility_label" => "security/authorization",
"@version" => "1",
"timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:02:01",
"facility" => 10,
"host" => "10.10.10.56",
"logsource" => "node1",
"priority" => 87,
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:02:01.000Z,
"severity" => 7,
"severity_label" => "Debug",
"pid" => "17805",
"message" => "pam_limits(crond:session): unknown limit item 'noproc'\n",
"program" => "crond"通过上面的日志输入，发现logstash把接收到的日志进行了详细的划分。会把日志中的时间，主机名，程序，具体信
息拆分成多个字段进行存储。
"timestamp" 为源日志的时间
"@timestamp" 为logstash抓取日志的时间，与上面的时间差了8个小时，这个是时区的配置问题。
**********************************************实验四：读取tcp网络数据
下面的时间配置文件是通过“LogStash::Inputs::TCP”和"LogStash::Filters::Grok"相配合实现实验三rsyslog功能
的日志读取
[root@localhost logstash]# cat tcp-logstash.conf
input {
tcp {
port => "5514"
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => {"message" => "%{SYSLOGLINE}"}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}
[root@l
启动logstash服务
nohup /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/tcp-logstash.conf &
查看日志
[2023-08-31T10:08:39,596][INFO ][logstash.inputs.tcp ][main]
[e17c63be3a5b12883f975a9f5eaf27f19639714f6267583b2142379ed6c8f22a] Starting tcp input listener
{:address=>"0.0.0.0:5514", :ss l_enable=>"false"}
5514端口已启动
客户端同样适用rsyslog，同上一样的配置
logstash 日志查询
{
"port" => 58526,
"message" => [
[0] "<30>Aug 31 10:17:01 node1 systemd: Started Session 351785 of user liuyang.",
[1] "Started Session 351785 of user liuyang."
],
"program" => "systemd",
"logsource" => "node1",
"host" => "10.10.10.56",
"timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:17:01",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:10:24.759Z
}
{
"port" => 58526,
"message" => [
[0] "<85>Aug 31 10:17:04 node1 polkitd[1172]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-
process:20549:1866610077 (system bus name :1.703886 [/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback],
object path /org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale zh_CN.UTF-8)",
[1] "Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:20549:1866610077 (system bus name
:1.703886 [/usr/bin/pkttyagent --notify-fd 5 --fallback], object path
/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/AuthenticationAgent, locale zh_CN.UTF-8)"
],
"program" => "polkitd",
"logsource" => "node1",
"pid" => "1172",
"host" => "10.10.10.56",
"timestamp" => "Aug 31 10:17:04",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:10:26.949Z
}
我们可以看出【0】是完整的信息输出
【1】是经过拆分的，如pid 、logsource、 时间、port都进行拆分出来了
tcp方式和rsyslog类似。
******************************************************
实验五 适用nc 的方式将日志导入到logstash
客户端(日志源)10.10.10.56
服务器（logstash）10.10.10.74服务器logstash配置方法如实验四
[root@localhost logstash]# cat tcp-logstash.conf
input {
tcp {
port => "5514"
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => {"message" => "%{SYSLOGLINE}"}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => rubydebug
}
}客户端命令行窗口输入：
nc 10.10.10.74 5514
在logstash上查看日志
{
"port" => 59322,
"message" => [
[0] "Aug 27 12:34:57 node1 supervisord: 2023-08-27 12:34:57,594 INFO supervisord started with
pid 4760",
[1] "2023-08-27 12:34:57,594 INFO supervisord started with pid 4760"
],
"program" => "supervisord",
"logsource" => "node1",
"host" => "10.10.10.56",
"timestamp" => "Aug 27 12:34:57",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:16:27.986Z
}
{
"port" => 59322,
"message" => [
[0] "Aug 27 12:34:58 node1 supervisord",
[1] "supervisord"
],
"logsource" => "node1",
"host" => "10.10.10.56",
"timestamp" => "Aug 27 12:34:58",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T02:16:27.992Z
}
完成实验。
实验六 编码插件codec
此插件可以放到输入和输出时来处理数据
input -> decode --> filter --> decode --->output decode就是使用codec进行编码
codec支持plain 、json、json_lines等格式。
1.codec插件之plain
plain是一个空解释器，输入什么格式，输出就是什么格式
[root@localhost logstash]# vi codec1-logstash.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "plain"
#前面的测试我们都使用rubydebug编码，此编码会以json的格式进行输出
}
}
[root@localhost logstash]# vi codec1-logstash.log
[root@localhost logstash]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/codec1-logstash.log
此处不能用nohup，否则抓取不到
hello #我用键盘输入的，下面的信息是logstash的输出。
2023-08-31T02:28:31.068Z localhost.localdomain hello
nihao
2023-08-31T02:28:37.572Z localhost.localdomain nihao
仅增加了2个字段一个是时间戳，一个是主机名和以前使用rubydebug的日志来对比一下
hello #我用键盘输入的，下面的信息是logstash的输出。
{
"message" => "hello",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-29T02:22:53.965Z
}2.codec插件之json
发送给logstash的数据如果是json格式的，那必须在input字段加入codec=> json来解析进来的数据，
如果想让logstash输出为json的格式，可以在output字段加入codec=>json，
[root@localhost logstash]# vi codec2-logstash.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "json" #以json的格式 输出
}
}
json模式就是key:values格式
3.codec插件之json_lines
若果json文件比较长，需要换行的话，就会使用json_lines编码格式。
实验七 过滤器插件filter
1.grok正则捕获
grok是一个强大的filter插件，通过正则解析任意文本文件，将非结构化的数据弄成结构化的数据，方便查询。
https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/grok-patterns
GROK的模式参考及示例
grok的语法规则
%{语法:语义}
语法指的就是匹配模式，例如使用number模式可以匹配数字，ip模式会匹配出127.0.0.1样式的IP地址
例如1.输入内容为：172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
那么，%{IP:clientip} IP就是语法，要匹配IP地址， clientip为内容
匹配的结果为clientip:172.16.213.132
例如2：
%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}结果为07/feb/2018:16:24 +800
例如3：
%{QS:referrer}匹配的结果
GET / HTTP/ 1.1
以上IP\ Httpdate 、QS都是grok内部定义好的模式，
/usr/local/logstash/vendor/bundle/jruby/2.5.0/gems/logstash-patterns-core-4.1.2/patterns
[root@localhost patterns]# ls
aws bind exim grok-patterns httpd junos maven mcollective-patterns nagios
rails ruby
bacula bro firewalls haproxy java linux-syslog mcollective mongodb
postgresql redis squid
[
这个目录下，有很多匹配模式，我们可以直接拿来应用，其中grok-patterns使我们使用的基础匹配模式
vi grok-patterns
显示一小段内容如下：
IPV6 ((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-
5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0
-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d))
{3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|
1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]
{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1
-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-
5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:
[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-
4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-
4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?
IPV4 (?grok在线调试工具，
网址：grokdebug.herokuapp.com 可能需要
https://www.5axxw.com/tools/v2/grok.html
以上两个都不好使
自己在docker上搭建一个
10.10.10.56上安装了docker
docker pull epurs/grokdebugger:latest
docker images
docker run -d --name grokdebugger -p 8082:80 epurs/grokdebugger
http://10.10.10.56:8082
input输入日志
pattern为模式
[root@localhost logstash]# vi grok1-logstash.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => ["message","%{IP:clientip}"]
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
[root@localhost logstash]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/grok1-logstash.log
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039 #输入
{输出为：
"clientip" => "172.16.213.132",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T07:36:18.564Z,
"@version" => "1",
"message" => "172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain"
测试2：
[root@localhost logstash]# vi grok2-logstash.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
输出为：
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800",
"refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"",
"nu" => "403",
"@version" => "1",
"message" => "172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T07:46:51.778Z,
"bytes1" => "5039",
"client-ip" => "172.16.213.132"
我们已将看到message已经分成5部分了，原有的message可以去掉了，系统中存在连个timestamp，其实@timestamp也
不需要了，这个时间是收集日志的时间。而kibana使用@timestamp这个字段来排序。我们可以将timestamp的值付给
@timestamp
[root@localhost logstash]# vi grok-delete-logstash.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]
remove_field => ["message"]
}
date {
match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
}
mutate {
remove_field => ["timestamp1"]
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}输出结果
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T08:16:31.119Z,
"refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"",
"nu" => "403",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"client-ip" => "172.16.213.132",
"tags" => [
[0] "_dateparsefailure"
],
"bytes1" => "5039",
"@version" => "1"以上使用了grok、date、mutate插件
时间处理模式 DATE
date插件 就是将值以什么格式赋值给@timestamp
date {
match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
}
将timestamp1按照后边dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z的格式赋值给@timestamp
数据修改插件 mutate
1.正则表达式替换匹配字段
gsub可以通过正则表达式替换字段中匹配到的值，只对字符串段有效，例子
filter {
mutate {
gsub => ["filed_name_1","/","_"]
#表示将field_name_1属性的字段中所有"/"字符替换成"_"
}
}
实例：[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-mutate-logstash.log input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]
}
date {
match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
}
mutate {
gsub => ["message","/","_"]
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}/usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/grok-mutate-logstash.log
172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{
"refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"",
"tags" => [
[0] "_dateparsefailure"
],
"client-ip" => "172.16.213.132",
"bytes1" => "5039",
"message" => "172.16.213.132 [07_Feb_2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET _ HTTP_ 1.1\" 403 5039",
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T08:35:00.815Z,
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"nu" => "403",
"timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800"
}
看到"/"都替换成了"_"
2.分隔字符串为数组
split用分隔符分隔字符串为数组
filter {
mutate {
split => ["filed_name_2","|"]
#表示将field_name_1属性的字段中所有"/"字符替换成"_"
}
}172.16.213.132|[07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]|"GET / HTTP/ 1.1"|403|5039
实例：
[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-mutate2-logstash.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]
}
date {
match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
}
mutate {
split => ["message","|"]
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
结果：
/usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/grok-mutate2-logstash.log
172.16.213.132|[07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]|"GET / HTTP/ 1.1"|403|5039
{
"message" => [
[0] "172.16.213.132",
[1] "[07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]",
[2] "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"",
[3] "403",
[4] "5039"
],
"@timestamp" => 2023-08-31T08:39:17.562Z,
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"@version" => "1",
"tags" => [
[0] "_grokparsefailure"
]
}
我们发现message的信息分成了5部分，以后调用以数组的形式调用
3.重命名字段rename
mutate {
rename => {"message","message_new"}
}
}
实例略
4.删除字段remove_field
mutate {
remove_field => ["message"]
}
}
综合实例：
mutate {
rename => {"nu","number"}
gsub => ["refer","/","_"]
remove_field => ["timestamp1"]
split => ["client-ip","."]
}
重命名 替换 删除 分隔都可以写在一起。
Geoip地址查询归类
geoIP是免费的ip地址归类查询库，可以通过IP地址提供对应的地域信息，包括国别，省市，经纬度等，此插件对可视
化地图和区域统计非常有用。
filter {
geoip {
source => "ip_field"
# ip_field字段是输出ip地址的一个字段
}
}
实例：
logstash配置[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-geoip.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]
}
date {
match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
}
geoip {
source => "client-ip"
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}172.16.213.132 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
输出结果：
202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{
"timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800",
"bytes1" => "5039",
"geoip" => {
"latitude" => 45.75,
"region_name" => "Heilongjiang",
"country_code2" => "CN",
"country_name" => "China",
"longitude" => 126.65,
"location" => {
"lon" => 126.65,
"lat" => 45.75
},
"country_code3" => "CN",
"region_code" => "HL",
"continent_code" => "AS",
"ip" => "202.97.224.68",
"timezone" => "Asia/Shanghai"
},
"message" => "202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039",
"@timestamp" => 2023-09-01T01:27:01.443Z,
"client-ip" => "202.97.224.68",
"refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"",
"nu" => "403",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"tags" => [
[0] "_dateparsefailure"
]
}longitude latitude 经纬度
以上信息有些多，想精简一些
精简geoip信息
geoip {
source => "client-ip"
fields => ["ip","country_code3","longitude","latitude","region_name"]
#仅将需要保留的域显示出来
}[root@localhost logstash]# cat grok-geoip2.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
filter {
grok {
match => ["message","%{IP:client-ip} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp1}\]%{QS:refer}\ %{NUMBER:nu}
%{NUMBER:bytes1}"]
}
date {
match => ["timestamp1","dd/mmm/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]
}
geoip {
source => "client-ip"
fields => ["ip","country_code3","longitude","latitude","region_name"]
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}输出结果：
202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]"GET / HTTP/ 1.1" 403 5039
{
"nu" => "403",
"@timestamp" => 2023-09-01T01:30:39.227Z,
"@version" => "1",
"tags" => [
[0] "_dateparsefailure"
],
"geoip" => {
"ip" => "202.97.224.68",
"country_code3" => "CN",
"latitude" => 45.75,
"region_name" => "Heilongjiang",
"longitude" => 126.65
},
"message" => "202.97.224.68 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039",
"client-ip" => "202.97.224.68",
"host" => "localhost.localdomain",
"refer" => "\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\"",
"timestamp1" => "07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800",
"bytes1" => "5039"
}logstash的输出插件output
file 将数据写入磁盘文件
elasticsearch ：把日志数据发送到es集群
graphite：用于存储和绘制数据指标
还支持输出到redis，email，exec，ngios等等
1.标准输出
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
2.保存到文件
output {
file {
path => "/data/log3/%{+yyyy-MM-dd}/%{host}_%{+HH}.log"
}
}
例子：
[root@localhost logstash]# cat file-log.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
output {
file {
path => "/data/log3/%{+yyyy-MM-dd}/%{host}_%{+HH}.log"
}
}
/usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/file-log.log
标准输入信息后
114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET / HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039
asdfasdf
/data/log3/2023-09-01/下文件内容：
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# cat localhost.localdomain_01.log
{"@timestamp":"2023-09-01T01:57:05.295Z","message":"114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET /
HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","host":"localhost.localdomain","@version":"1"}
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# tail -f localhost.localdomain_01.log
{"@timestamp":"2023-09-01T01:57:05.295Z","message":"114.114.114.114 [07/Feb/2018:16:24:19 +0800]\"GET /
HTTP/ 1.1\" 403 5039","host":"localhost.localdomain","@version":"1"}
{"@timestamp":"2023-09-
01T01:57:53.440Z","message":"asdfasdf","host":"localhost.localdomain","@version":"1"}我们发现输出的内容会在输入的内容上加了一些信息，如@timestamp @version host等属性
如果要让输入和输出一样。我们需要使用codec来格式编码
logstash配置
[root@localhost logstash]# cat file2-log.log
input {
stdin {
}
}
output {
file {
path => "/data/log3/%{+yyyy-MM-dd}/%{host}_%{+HH}.log"
codec => line { format => "%{message}"}
}
}
[root@localhost logstash]# /usr/local/logstash/bin/logstash -f /usr/local/logstash/file2-log.log
标准输入
adfasdfasdf
ELK大规模日志实时处理系统从入门到企业应用实战视频课程
查看输出：
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# tail -f localhost.localdomain_02.log
adfasdfasdf
ELK大规模日志实时处理系统从入门到企业应用实战视频课程
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]# pwd
/data/log3/2023-09-01
[root@localhost 2023-09-01]#
输出与输入一致了。
八 ELK手机apache访问日志的案例
elk收集日子的几种方法
1.不修改源日志的输出格式，而是通过logstash的grok方式进行过滤、清晰，然后输出
优点，对业务系统无影响，缺点是logstash可能会有瓶颈。
2.修改源日志的输出格式，按要求的格式改变源日志格式进行输出，logstash仅收集和传输。
优点：减轻了logstash的压力，但是需要一定的工作量去处理源日志格式。
elk收集apache日志应用架构
apache（filebeat） -- kafka（zookeeper） -- logstash -- ES集群
使用第二种方式，用改变源日志输出格式来处理。