OpenCV C++案例实战三十一《动态时钟》

OpenCV C++案例实战三十一《动态时钟》

  • 前言
  • 一、绘制表盘
  • 二、绘制刻线
  • 三、获取系统时间
  • 四、结果展示
  • 五、源码
  • 总结


前言

本案例将使用OpenCV C++实现动态时钟效果。原理也很简单,主要分为绘制表盘、以及获取系统时间两步。

一、绘制表盘

首先为了效果显示美观一点,选取一张背景图。
OpenCV C++案例实战三十一《动态时钟》_第1张图片
接着需要绘制一个圆形表盘,直接上代码、效果演示。注释都在源码上有标注。
OpenCV C++案例实战三十一《动态时钟》_第2张图片

	Point center(background.cols / 2, background.rows / 2);//圆心
	int radius = min(background.cols / 2, background.rows / 2) - 20; //时钟半径

	Mat mask = Mat::zeros(background.size(), CV_8UC3);
	circle(mask, center, radius, Scalar::all(255), -1);//掩模
	Mat canvas = Mat(background.size(), CV_8UC3, Scalar(175, 165, 0));//创建画布
	background.copyTo(canvas, mask);//将背景拷贝到画布中,形成表盘背景

	circle(canvas, center, radius, Scalar::all(0), 3);//表盘

二、绘制刻线

接下来,需要在表盘上绘制时针、分针刻线。其中原理就是计算点的旋转坐标。可以参考一下我的这篇博文OpenCV C++案例实战二十七《角度测量》

	int margin = 5;//若margin为0,则点在表盘上

	//画分针刻线
	int minute_len = 10; //刻线长度
	for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++)
	{
		//圆上坐标点计算公式,对于分针刻线,360/60=6,即每隔6°一刻线
		int x1 = center.x + (radius - margin) * cos(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y1 = center.y + (radius - margin) * sin(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int x2 = center.x + (radius - minute_len) * cos(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y2 = center.y + (radius - minute_len) * sin(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		line(canvas, Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2), Scalar::all(0), 2, LINE_AA);
	}

	//画时针刻线
	int hour_len = 20;
	for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
	{
		//对于时针刻线,每隔360/12=30,即每隔30°一刻线
		int x1 = center.x + (radius - margin) * cos(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y1 = center.y + (radius - margin) * sin(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int x2 = center.x + (radius - hour_len)*cos(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y2 = center.y + (radius - hour_len)*sin(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		line(canvas, Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2), Scalar::all(0), 3, LINE_AA);

		//在表盘上显示3、6、9、12时,坐标位置自行根据图像大小设定
		if (i == 0)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 - 30, y2 + 10), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
		else if (i == 3)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 - 10, y2 - 10), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
		else if (i == 6)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 + 10, y2 + 10), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
		else if (i == 9)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 - 20, y2 + 30), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
	}

OpenCV C++案例实战三十一《动态时钟》_第3张图片
效果如上图所示,至此前期的预处理工作已经完成了。接下来,需要获取系统时间,然后绘制到表盘上。

三、获取系统时间

当我们获取到相应的系统时间后,有一点需要注意的是,opencv是以3点钟方向为起点,即0°方向,且为顺时针旋转,故秒针、分针、时针在0~3点钟区间需要换算。具体换算请看源码注释。

	//使用while循环,不断更新时间
	while (true)
	{	

		char key = waitKey(1000);
		if (key == 27)break;

		Mat clockImg = canvas.clone();//将表盘复制一份,用于不断更新时钟刻线

		//获取系统时间
		SYSTEMTIME Time;
		GetLocalTime(&Time);
		int second = Time.wSecond; //秒
		int minute = Time.wMinute; //分
		int hour = Time.wHour; //时
		int day = Time.wDay; //日
		int month = Time.wMonth; //月
		int year = Time.wYear; //年
		printf("%4d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n", year, month, day, hour, minute, second);


		//由于opencv是以3点钟方向为起点,且为顺时针旋转,故秒针、分针、时针在0~3点钟区间需要换算
		
		//秒针
		int sec_angle = 0;
		if (second <= 15)
		{
			//当秒针处于0~15秒时,对应角度应处于270~360°,每隔6°走一刻线
			sec_angle = second * 6 + 270;
		}
		else
		{
			sec_angle = (second - 15) * 6;
		}
		int sec_x = center.x + (radius - margin * 12) *cos(sec_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		int sec_y = center.y + (radius - margin * 12) *sin(sec_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		line(clockImg, center, Point(sec_x, sec_y), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, LINE_AA);


		//分针
		int min_angle = 0;
		if (minute <= 15)
		{
			//当分针处于0~15分时,对应角度应处于270~360°,每隔6°走一刻线
			min_angle = minute * 6 + 270;
		}
		else
		{
			min_angle = (minute - 15) * 6;
		}
		int min_x = center.x + (radius - margin*18)*cos(min_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		int min_y = center.y + (radius - margin*18)*sin(min_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		line(clockImg, center, Point(min_x, min_y), Scalar(0, 255, 255), 4, LINE_AA);


		//时针
		int hour_angle = 0;
		if (hour <= 3)
		{
			//当时针处于0~3时,对应角度应处于270~360°,每隔30°走一刻线
			hour_angle = hour * 30 + 270;
		}
		else
		{
			hour_angle = (hour - 3) * 30;
		}
		int hour_x = center.x + (radius - margin * 24)*cos(hour_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		int hour_y = center.y + (radius - margin * 24)*sin(hour_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		line(clockImg, center, Point(hour_x, hour_y), Scalar(255, 255, 0), 6, LINE_AA);
		
		circle(clockImg, center, 5, Scalar::all(0), -1);

		//将时间显示在表盘上
		char text1[100], text2[100];
		sprintf_s(text1, "%04d%s%02d%s%02d", year, "/", month, "/", day);
		sprintf_s(text2, "%02d%s%02d%s%02d", hour, ":", minute, ":", second);
		putText(clockImg, text1, Point(center.x-100, center.y+200), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar(21, 23, 161), 3);
		putText(clockImg, text2, Point(center.x-70, center.y+250), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar(21, 23, 161), 2);
		imshow("dynamic clock", clockImg);
		imwrite("dynamic clock.jpg", clockImg);
	}

四、结果展示

OpenCV C++案例实战三十一《动态时钟》_第4张图片

五、源码

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
	Mat background = imread("background.jpg");
	if (background.empty())
	{
		cout << "can not read the image..." << endl;
		system("pause");
		return -1;
	}

	Point center(background.cols / 2, background.rows / 2);//圆心
	int radius = min(background.cols / 2, background.rows / 2) - 20; //时钟半径

	Mat mask = Mat::zeros(background.size(), CV_8UC3);
	circle(mask, center, radius, Scalar::all(255), -1);//掩模
	Mat canvas = Mat(background.size(), CV_8UC3, Scalar(175, 165, 0));//创建画布
	background.copyTo(canvas, mask);//将背景拷贝到画布中,形成表盘背景

	circle(canvas, center, radius, Scalar::all(0), 3);//表盘

	int margin = 5;//若margin为0,则点在表盘上

	//画分针刻线
	int minute_len = 10; //刻线长度
	for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++)
	{
		//圆上坐标点计算公式,对于分针刻线,360/60=6,即每隔6°一刻线
		int x1 = center.x + (radius - margin) * cos(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y1 = center.y + (radius - margin) * sin(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int x2 = center.x + (radius - minute_len) * cos(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y2 = center.y + (radius - minute_len) * sin(i*6.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		line(canvas, Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2), Scalar::all(0), 2, LINE_AA);
	}

	//画时针刻线
	int hour_len = 20;
	for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
	{
		//对于时针刻线,每隔360/12=30,即每隔30°一刻线
		int x1 = center.x + (radius - margin) * cos(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y1 = center.y + (radius - margin) * sin(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int x2 = center.x + (radius - hour_len)*cos(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		int y2 = center.y + (radius - hour_len)*sin(i*30.0*CV_PI / 180.0);
		line(canvas, Point(x1, y1), Point(x2, y2), Scalar::all(0), 3, LINE_AA);

		//在表盘上显示3、6、9、12时,坐标位置自行根据图像大小设定
		if (i == 0)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 - 30, y2 + 10), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
		else if (i == 3)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 - 10, y2 - 10), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
		else if (i == 6)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 + 10, y2 + 10), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
		else if (i == 9)
		{
			putText(canvas, to_string(i + 3), Point(x2 - 20, y2 + 30), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar::all(0), 3);
		}
	}

	//使用while循环,不断更新时间
	while (true)
	{	

		char key = waitKey(1000);
		if (key == 27)break;

		Mat clockImg = canvas.clone();//将表盘复制一份,用于不断更新时钟刻线

		//获取系统时间
		SYSTEMTIME Time;
		GetLocalTime(&Time);
		int second = Time.wSecond; //秒
		int minute = Time.wMinute; //分
		int hour = Time.wHour; //时
		int day = Time.wDay; //日
		int month = Time.wMonth; //月
		int year = Time.wYear; //年
		printf("%4d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n", year, month, day, hour, minute, second);


		//由于opencv是以3点钟方向为起点,且为顺时针旋转,故秒针、分针、时针在0~3点钟区间需要换算
		
		//秒针
		int sec_angle = 0;
		if (second <= 15)
		{
			//当秒针处于0~15秒时,对应角度应处于270~360°,每隔6°走一刻线
			sec_angle = second * 6 + 270;
		}
		else
		{
			sec_angle = (second - 15) * 6;
		}
		int sec_x = center.x + (radius - margin * 12) *cos(sec_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		int sec_y = center.y + (radius - margin * 12) *sin(sec_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		line(clockImg, center, Point(sec_x, sec_y), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, LINE_AA);


		//分针
		int min_angle = 0;
		if (minute <= 15)
		{
			//当分针处于0~15分时,对应角度应处于270~360°,每隔6°走一刻线
			min_angle = minute * 6 + 270;
		}
		else
		{
			min_angle = (minute - 15) * 6;
		}
		int min_x = center.x + (radius - margin*18)*cos(min_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		int min_y = center.y + (radius - margin*18)*sin(min_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		line(clockImg, center, Point(min_x, min_y), Scalar(0, 255, 255), 4, LINE_AA);


		//时针
		int hour_angle = 0;
		if (hour <= 3)
		{
			//当时针处于0~3时,对应角度应处于270~360°,每隔30°走一刻线
			hour_angle = hour * 30 + 270;
		}
		else
		{
			hour_angle = (hour - 3) * 30;
		}
		int hour_x = center.x + (radius - margin * 24)*cos(hour_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		int hour_y = center.y + (radius - margin * 24)*sin(hour_angle*CV_PI / 180);
		line(clockImg, center, Point(hour_x, hour_y), Scalar(255, 255, 0), 6, LINE_AA);
		
		circle(clockImg, center, 5, Scalar::all(0), -1);

		//将时间显示在表盘上
		char text1[100], text2[100];
		sprintf_s(text1, "%04d%s%02d%s%02d", year, "/", month, "/", day);
		sprintf_s(text2, "%02d%s%02d%s%02d", hour, ":", minute, ":", second);
		putText(clockImg, text1, Point(center.x-100, center.y+200), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar(21, 23, 161), 3);
		putText(clockImg, text2, Point(center.x-70, center.y+250), FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, Scalar(21, 23, 161), 2);
		imshow("dynamic clock", clockImg);
		imwrite("dynamic clock.jpg", clockImg);
	}

	destroyAllWindows();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

总结

本文使用OpenCV C++ 进行动态时钟绘制,主要操作有以下几点。
1、图像预处理,绘制表盘
2、绘制表盘刻线
3、获取系统时间,注意角度与时间之间的转换

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