flask_apscheduler 定时任务踩坑记录

背景

由于需要再flask做一个定时任务,然后发现了这个库flask_apscheduler.使用很简单,就是可能由于某种情况,会有一些意外,下面是我的使用记录。

首先按照官方文档跑一个示例
from flask import Flask
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler


class Config(object):
    JOBS = [
        {
            'id': 'job1',
            'func': 'jobs:job1',
            'args': (1, 2),
            'trigger': 'interval',
            'seconds': 10
        }
    ]

    SCHEDULER_API_ENABLED = True


def job1(a, b):
    print(str(a) + ' ' + str(b))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object(Config())

    scheduler = APScheduler()
    # it is also possible to enable the API directly
    # scheduler.api_enabled = True
    scheduler.init_app(app)
    scheduler.start()

    app.run()
  • 'func': 'jobs:job1', 配置文件中这一行,代表任务。jobs代表这个文件名。job1是自己创建的任务函数。

ok,这里没有任何问题

问题1:在实际项目中,不可能都放在同一个文件下,创建一个任务时,找不到这个任务

如,我定义一个start函数,用于执行定时任务,这个start在app.models.ali路径下。问题原因是:'func': 'app:start'配置格式等有误,正确应该按照自己任务文件的实际路径,格式为:'func': 'app:models.ali.start',如下:

class Config:

    JOBS = [
        {
            'id': 'job1',
            'func': 'app:models.ali.start',
            'trigger': 'cron',
            'day_of_week': 'mon-fri',
            'second': 1,
            'hour': 9,
            'minute': 30
        }
    ]

    SCHEDULER_API_ENABLED = True
问题2:在model文件里使用SQLAlchemy时,报错类似:No application found.flask-apsched Either work inside a view function or pus,也就是无法在任务函数中使用SQLAlchemy。解决办法:
  • app的__init__.py关键代码:
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
scheduler = APScheduler()

def create_app(config_name):
    app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
    app.config.from_object(config.get(config_name) or config['default'])
    ...
    scheduler.init_app(app)
    scheduler.start()
    return app

  • 然后我的任务start在app.models.ali路径下,需要在ali.py下:
from app import scheduler

def start():
    with scheduler.app.app_context():
        results = AliServers.query.all()
        ···

添加上下文后,就可以使用AliServers.query.all()这种操作了。

问题3:

本机开发环境下,一切正常,然后部署到服务器上,出错:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 29, in 
    scheduler = APScheduler()
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask_apscheduler/scheduler.py", line 36, in __init__
    self._scheduler = scheduler or BackgroundScheduler()
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/base.py", line 87, in __init__
    self.configure(gconfig, **options)
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/base.py", line 126, in configure
    self._configure(config)
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/background.py", line 29, in _configure
    super(BackgroundScheduler, self)._configure(config)
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/base.py", line 697, in _configure
    self.timezone = astimezone(config.pop('timezone', None)) or get_localzone()
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tzlocal/unix.py", line 165, in get_localzone
    _cache_tz = _get_localzone()
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tzlocal/unix.py", line 90, in _get_localzone
    utils.assert_tz_offset(tz)
  File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tzlocal/utils.py", line 38, in assert_tz_offset
    raise ValueError(msg)
ValueError: Timezone offset does not match system offset: 28800 != -14400. Please, check your config files.

根据错误信息查看源码,解决办法:
主要是两个地方:
首先查看服务器时区是上海,然后需要修改两个地方:

  • 在配置文件中添加SCHEDULER_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai',即:
class Config:

    JOBS = [
        {
            'id': 'job1',
            'func': 'app:models.ali.start',
            'trigger': 'cron',
            'day_of_week': 'mon-fri',
            'second': 1,
            'hour': 9,
            'minute': 30
        }
    ]
    SCHEDULER_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    SCHEDULER_API_ENABLED = True

然后在app的__init__.py下,添加BackgroundScheduler(timezone="Asia/Shanghai")

from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler 
scheduler = APScheduler(BackgroundScheduler(timezone="Asia/Shanghai"))

def create_app(config_name):
    app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
    app.config.from_object(config.get(config_name) or config['default'])
    ...

    scheduler.init_app(app)
    scheduler.start()
    return app

原因是:时区会被解析两次,如果没有加时区,就会调用默认的self.timezone = astimezone(config.pop('timezone', None)) or get_localzone(),由于时区与系统不匹配,会报错。当然这个错误并不是每个机器都有,正巧,这台服务器的时区与系统偏移不一致,导致出现这个错误。

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