背景
由于需要再flask做一个定时任务,然后发现了这个库flask_apscheduler.使用很简单,就是可能由于某种情况,会有一些意外,下面是我的使用记录。
首先按照官方文档跑一个示例
from flask import Flask
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
class Config(object):
JOBS = [
{
'id': 'job1',
'func': 'jobs:job1',
'args': (1, 2),
'trigger': 'interval',
'seconds': 10
}
]
SCHEDULER_API_ENABLED = True
def job1(a, b):
print(str(a) + ' ' + str(b))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object(Config())
scheduler = APScheduler()
# it is also possible to enable the API directly
# scheduler.api_enabled = True
scheduler.init_app(app)
scheduler.start()
app.run()
'func': 'jobs:job1', 配置文件中这一行,代表任务。jobs代表这个文件名。job1是自己创建的任务函数。
ok,这里没有任何问题
问题1:在实际项目中,不可能都放在同一个文件下,创建一个任务时,找不到这个任务
如,我定义一个start函数,用于执行定时任务,这个start在app.models.ali路径下。问题原因是:'func': 'app:start'配置格式等有误,正确应该按照自己任务文件的实际路径,格式为:'func': 'app:models.ali.start',如下:
class Config:
JOBS = [
{
'id': 'job1',
'func': 'app:models.ali.start',
'trigger': 'cron',
'day_of_week': 'mon-fri',
'second': 1,
'hour': 9,
'minute': 30
}
]
SCHEDULER_API_ENABLED = True
问题2:在model文件里使用SQLAlchemy时,报错类似:No application found.flask-apsched Either work inside a view function or pus,也就是无法在任务函数中使用SQLAlchemy。解决办法:
app的__init__.py关键代码:
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
scheduler = APScheduler()
def create_app(config_name):
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.config.from_object(config.get(config_name) or config['default'])
...
scheduler.init_app(app)
scheduler.start()
return app
然后我的任务start在app.models.ali路径下,需要在ali.py下:
from app import scheduler
def start():
with scheduler.app.app_context():
results = AliServers.query.all()
···
添加上下文后,就可以使用AliServers.query.all()这种操作了。
问题3:
本机开发环境下,一切正常,然后部署到服务器上,出错:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 29, in
scheduler = APScheduler()
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask_apscheduler/scheduler.py", line 36, in __init__
self._scheduler = scheduler or BackgroundScheduler()
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/base.py", line 87, in __init__
self.configure(gconfig, **options)
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/base.py", line 126, in configure
self._configure(config)
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/background.py", line 29, in _configure
super(BackgroundScheduler, self)._configure(config)
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/apscheduler/schedulers/base.py", line 697, in _configure
self.timezone = astimezone(config.pop('timezone', None)) or get_localzone()
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tzlocal/unix.py", line 165, in get_localzone
_cache_tz = _get_localzone()
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tzlocal/unix.py", line 90, in _get_localzone
utils.assert_tz_offset(tz)
File "/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/flask-fUo2koNK/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tzlocal/utils.py", line 38, in assert_tz_offset
raise ValueError(msg)
ValueError: Timezone offset does not match system offset: 28800 != -14400. Please, check your config files.
根据错误信息查看源码,解决办法:
主要是两个地方:
首先查看服务器时区是上海,然后需要修改两个地方:
在配置文件中添加SCHEDULER_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai',即:
class Config:
JOBS = [
{
'id': 'job1',
'func': 'app:models.ali.start',
'trigger': 'cron',
'day_of_week': 'mon-fri',
'second': 1,
'hour': 9,
'minute': 30
}
]
SCHEDULER_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
SCHEDULER_API_ENABLED = True
然后在app的__init__.py下,添加BackgroundScheduler(timezone="Asia/Shanghai"):
from flask_apscheduler import APScheduler
from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler
scheduler = APScheduler(BackgroundScheduler(timezone="Asia/Shanghai"))
def create_app(config_name):
app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.config.from_object(config.get(config_name) or config['default'])
...
scheduler.init_app(app)
scheduler.start()
return app
原因是:时区会被解析两次,如果没有加时区,就会调用默认的self.timezone = astimezone(config.pop('timezone', None)) or get_localzone(),由于时区与系统不匹配,会报错。当然这个错误并不是每个机器都有,正巧,这台服务器的时区与系统偏移不一致,导致出现这个错误。