参考：无忧英语51talk梁颖老师的超实用语法20讲在线课程第18 19课
lesson 18 19直接引语与间接引语
friday night: A: I will call you tomorrow.
the following tuesday: B: He said that he would call me the next day.
I like the movie Coco very much.
直接引语，She said,"I like the movie Coco very much."
间接引语，She said she liked the movie Coco very much.
直接引语：说话人直接表达
间接引语：转述别人说的话
变形三要素
1.变人称
直接引语，She said,"I like the movie Coco very much."
间接引语，She said she liked the movie Coco very much.
“我”随说话人变
He said, " I needn't tell her the truth."
He said he needn't tell her the truth.
You said,"I must leave by 10."
You said you must leave by 10.
She said,"I am busy."
She said that she was busy.
He said, " I've left my book in my room."
He said he had left his book in his room.
"你“随听话者变
She said, "you should watch the movie."
She said that I should watch the movie.
He said to her, "you should buy some books."
He said to her that she should buy some books.
Tom said to Jerry,"You should be more careful."
Tom told/said to Jerry that he/Jerry should be more careful.
"其他人“不变
She said, "He must like this movie."
She said he must like this movie.
Mr.Smith said, " he is a good worker."
Mr.Smith said that he was a good worker.
1.变人称
I随说话人变
YOU随听话人变
“其他人”不变
Tom told her, "you have to read the book."
Tom told her that she had to read the book.
John said, " I will go to beijing this summer."
John said he would go to beijing this summer.
Juli said, " Loski is too shy to say anything."
Juli said that Loski was too shy to say anything.
2.变时态
主现从不变，主过从必过
She says, " I have to go."
She says she has to go.
She said, " I have to go."
She said she had to go.
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时He said,"I like the movie." 一般过去式 He said he liked the movie.
一般将来时He said,"I will go to Beijing." 过去将来时(would do) He said that he would go to being
现在进行时(be doing)He said," I am reading a book." 过去进行时(was/were doing) he said that he was reading a book.
现在完成时(have/has done)he said,"I have finished my homework." 过去完成时(had done) He said that he had finished his homework.
一般过去式(did)He said,"I watched the movie before." 过去完成时(had done)He said that he had watched the movie before.
过去完成时--过去完成时
练习
He said, " I'm going to Beijing."
He said he was going to beijing.
She said," I have lost my pen."
she said she had lost her pen.
She said," he will go to see his friend."
She said he would go to see his friend.
特例：转述的话如果是真理、事实、名言、习惯等时，不用改变时态
Our teacher said," the earth moves around the sun."
Our teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
Jay said,"I was born on Jan,18th, 1979."
Jay said he was born on Jan,18th,1979.
Eddie said, " I work out every day."
Eddie said he works out every day.
3.变状语及其它
She said," I like this movie."
She said she liked that movie.
直接引语 间接引语
this that
here there
these those
today that day
now then
this year that year
tomorrow the next day/the following day
next year the next year
yesterday the day before
last year the year before
"what did you do here yesterday?" the old man asked my brother.
the old man asked my brother what he had done here the day before.
He said to Kate," How is your sister now?"
He asked Kate how her sister was then.
He said," I will meet her tomorrow."
He said he would meet her the next day.
常用的转述动词
1.somebody said
2.somebody told me that
He said," Mother, the boy is very naughty."
He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.
总结
直接引语变间接引语，变人称，变时态，变状语及其它
第二讲
he said,"I left my book in my room yesterday."
He said he had left his book in his room the day before.
句式变换
当直接引语为以下句式：
陈述句
一般疑问句/反义疑问句
特殊疑问句
祈使句
感叹句
1.直接引语为陈述句
Dora told me, " I like the movie Coco."陈述句
Dora told me that she liked the movie Coco.
陈述句的间接引语的连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said,told等。
直接引语陈述句=that+陈述句（变三要素）
"I haven't heard from my parents these days," said Mary.
Mary said that she hadn't heard from her parents those days.
She said:"he will be busy."
She said that he would be busy.
2.直接引语为一般疑问句/反义疑问句
Dora asked me, " do you like the movie Coco?"一般疑问句
Dora asked me whether /if I liked the movie Coco.
一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，引述动词用asked，把疑问语序改为陈述语序。
直接引语中的一般疑问句变为whether/if+陈述语序
陈述语序
do you like the book?----you like the book.
will you come here?---you will come here.
did you have lunch?---you had lunch.
he said,"can you swim, John?"
he asked to John whether/if he can swim.
He said," you are interested in English, aren't you?"
He asked me whether/ if I was interested in English.
3.直接引语为特殊疑问句
Dora said, "what is your favorite movie?"特殊疑问句
Dora asked what my favorite movie was.
特殊疑问句，引述动词用asked。用原句中的特殊疑问词作连接词，把疑问语序改为陈述语序。
特殊疑问词+陈述语序
陈述语序
why is he late?--why he is late.
where did he go?--where he went.
how will she get there?--how she will get there.
he said to me,"what's your job?"
he asked me what my job was.
He asked us,"how many car factories have been built in your country?"
he asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
they said,"where are you going?"
they asked where we were going.
the teacher asked,"how did you repair it?"
the teacher asked how I had repaired it.
4.直接引语为祈使句
he said," sit down!"祈使句
he asked us to sit down.
将祈使句改为ask(tell) sb (not) to do sth.
the teacher said," be quiet!"
the teacher asked us to be quiet.
John said to me, " please shut the window."
John asked me to shut the window.
Mom said,"don't sleep too late."
Mom told me not to sleep too late.
5.直接引语为感叹句
She said,"what a beautiful day it is !"感叹句
she exclaimed it was a beautiful day!
将感叹句改为：去掉what/how, 变为陈述句，用say, exclaim, shout等引述
陈述语序
what a sweat cake it is!---it is a sweat cake.
how lovely the girl is!--the girl is lovely.
the girl said," what a fantastic movie it is!"
the girl exclaimed it was a fantastic movie.
练习
he asked how much I paid for the computer.
have you seen the film? he asked me.---he asked me whether I had seen the film.
"please close the window,"he said to me.---he asked me to close the window.
"you've already got well, haven't you?"she asked.--She asked whether I had already got well.