(杨老师雅思教学笔记)玫瑰换一个名字芳香依旧

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莎翁的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中有一句名言:“玫瑰换一个名字芳香依旧”,道出了雅思英语阅读理解成功的一个奥秘――Paraphrasing(换个说法)。皆因雅思阅读的题目与原文相关句子并非100%一字不漏的原文照搬,而是会巧妙地在关键词上“换个说法”。这就要求考生有敏捷的慧眼和充足的同义词储备,能够迅速找到关键词的同义词,让问题与原文的段落或相关人物配对。例如:

在TRUE , FALSE 或NOT GIVEN的部分,有个问题是这样:

Captain Woodget put Cutty Shark at risk of hitting an iceberg.

原文是这样:

Woodget took her further south than any previous captain, bringing her dangerously close to icebergs off the southern tip of South America.

问题中的put something at risk 与原文中bring something dangerously close to 虽然字面各异,内核意思完全一样。所以答案是TRUE。

有时候,“换个说法”不是以同义形式,而是以反义方式出现。这就要求考生要换位思考,反转论证。

例如:还是同类型的问题:

Coconut seeds need shades in order to germinate.

原文是:

Literally cast onto desert island shores, with little more than sand to grow in and exposed to the full glare of the tropical sun, coconut seeds are able to germinate and root.

问题的关键词是shade(荫凉处)。而原文是exposd to the full glare of the tropical sun。反差昭然若揭。故答案为FALSE。

上述两例都是正反鲜明的“换个说法”,比较容易捕捉到。还有一种较为隐晦迂回,就需要略动点脑筋稍为推理一下。例如:

在关键词填空部分,有个问题是这样的:

Between 1923 and 1954, Cutty Shark was used for _ _ _ .

原文是:Badly damaged in a gale in 1922, she was put into Falmouth harbour in South England, for repair.  . . . . . . The ship returned to Falmouth the following year and had her original name restored.

Dowman used Cutty Shark as a training ship, and she continued in this role after his death. When she was no longer required,  in 1954, she was transferred to dry dock at Greenwich to go on public display.

问题问的是在1923年至1954年期间该条船的用途。

原文先提到的时间点是1922年,然后有the following year,即是1923年。后来有1954年,是该船被移走到格林威治的干船坞去的时间。那么在这两个时间点之间,该船的用途是什么?原文有Dowman used Cutty Shark as a training ship这一句。故可填上training这个词。

上述几例凸现了“换个说法”在雅思阅读理解中的重要性。即使改头换面,我们还是可以闻到玫瑰的芳香。

不过,如果是把椰菜花的名字改成玫瑰花,我们联想到的,是玫瑰花的香味,还是椰菜花的甘甜?

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