分布式链路追踪技术 Sleuth +Zipkin

（1）每一个需要被追踪踪迹的微服务工程都引入依赖坐标

    org.springframework.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-sleuth

（2）每一个微服务都修改application.yml配置文件，添加日志级别

#分布式链路追踪
logging:
    level:
        org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet: debug
        org.springframework.cloud.sleuth: debug

请求到来时，我们在控制台可以观察到 Sleuth 输出的日志（全局 TraceId、SpanId等）。

        这样的日志首先不容易阅读观察，另外日志分散在各个微服务服务器上，接下来我们使用zipkin统一聚合轨迹日志并进行存储展示。 

（3）结合 Zipkin 展示追踪数据

        Zipkin 包括Zipkin Server和 Zipkin Client两部分，Zipkin Server是一个单独的服务，Zipkin Client就是具体的微服务

Zipkin Server 构建

• pom.xml

    
          
              io.zipkin.java
              zipkin-server
              2.12.3
              
                  
                  
                      org.springframework.boot
                      spring-boot-starter-log4j2
                  
              
          
  
          
          
              io.zipkin.java
              zipkin-autoconfigure-ui
              2.12.3
          

•  入口启动类

  package com.lagou.edu;
  
  import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  import zipkin2.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;
  
  import javax.sql.DataSource;
  
  @SpringBootApplication
  @EnableZipkinServer // 开启Zipkin 服务器功能
  public class ZipkinServerApplication9411 {
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          SpringApplication.run(ZipkinServerApplication9411.class,args);
      }
  
  }
  

• application.yml

  server:
    port: 9411
  management:
    metrics:
      web:
        server:
          auto-time-requests: false # 关闭自动检测

Zipkin Client 构建（在具体微服务中修改）

• pom中添加 zipkin 依赖

  
      org.springframework.cloud
      spring-cloud-starter-zipkin
  

• application.yml 中添加对zipkin server的引用

  spring:
    zipkin:
      base-url: http://127.0.0.1:9411 # zipkin server的请求地址
      sender:
        # web 客户端将踪迹日志数据通过网络请求的方式传送到服务端，另外还有配置
        # kafka/rabbit 客户端将踪迹日志数据传递到mq进行中转
        type: web
      sleuth:
        sampler:
          # 采样率 1 代表100%全部采集 ，默认0.1 代表10% 的请求踪迹数据会被采集
          # 生产环境下，请求量非常大，没有必要所有请求的踪迹数据都采集分析，对于网络包括server端压力都是比较大的，可以配置采样率采集一定比例的请求的踪迹数据进行分析即可
          probability: 1

  另外，对于log日志，依然保持开启debug状态

（4）启动服务器访问，就能看到zipkin页面

        Zipkin server 页面方便我们查看服务调用依赖关系及一些性能指标和异常信息。

（5）追踪数据Zipkin持久化到mysql（这些改动是在zipkinServer中）

• mysql中创建名称为zipkin的数据库，并执行如下sql语句（官方提供）

  --
  -- Copyright 2015-2019 The OpenZipkin Authors
  --
  -- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
  -- in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
  --
  -- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  --
  -- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
  -- is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
  -- or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
  -- the License.
  --
  CREATE TABLE
  IF
  	NOT EXISTS zipkin_spans (
  		`trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  		`trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  		`id` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  		`name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
  		`remote_service_name` VARCHAR ( 255 ),
  		`parent_id` BIGINT,
  		`debug` BIT ( 1 ),
  		`start_ts` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.timestamp(): epoch micros used for endTs query and to implement TTL',
  		`duration` BIGINT COMMENT 'Span.duration(): micros used for minDuration and maxDuration query',
  		PRIMARY KEY ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `id` ) 
  	) ENGINE = INNODB ROW_FORMAT = COMPRESSED CHARACTER 
  	SET = utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id` ) COMMENT 'for getTracesByIds';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `name` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getSpanNames';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `remote_service_name` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getRemoteServiceNames';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_spans ADD INDEX ( `start_ts` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces ordering and range';
  CREATE TABLE
  IF
  	NOT EXISTS zipkin_annotations (
  		`trace_id_high` BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT 'If non zero, this means the trace uses 128 bit traceIds instead of 64 bit',
  		`trace_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.trace_id',
  		`span_id` BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT 'coincides with zipkin_spans.id',
  		`a_key` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.key or Annotation.value if type == -1',
  		`a_value` BLOB COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.value(), which must be smaller than 64KB',
  		`a_type` INT NOT NULL COMMENT 'BinaryAnnotation.type() or -1 if Annotation',
  		`a_timestamp` BIGINT COMMENT 'Used to implement TTL; Annotation.timestamp or zipkin_spans.timestamp',
  	`endpoint_ipv4` INT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  	`endpoint_ipv6` BINARY ( 16 ) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null, or no IPv6 address',
  	`endpoint_port` SMALLINT COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null',
  	`endpoint_service_name` VARCHAR ( 255 ) COMMENT 'Null when Binary/Annotation.endpoint is null' 
  ) ENGINE = INNODB ROW_FORMAT = COMPRESSED CHARACTER 
  SET = utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD UNIQUE KEY ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key`, `a_timestamp` ) COMMENT 'Ignore insert on duplicate';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id`, `span_id` ) COMMENT 'for joining with zipkin_spans';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `trace_id_high`, `trace_id` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces/ByIds';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `endpoint_service_name` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and getServiceNames';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `a_type` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `a_key` ) COMMENT 'for getTraces and autocomplete values';
  ALTER TABLE zipkin_annotations ADD INDEX ( `trace_id`, `span_id`, `a_key` ) COMMENT 'for dependencies job';
  CREATE TABLE
  IF
  	NOT EXISTS zipkin_dependencies (
  		`day` DATE NOT NULL,
  		`parent` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
  		`child` VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL,
  		`call_count` BIGINT,
  		`error_count` BIGINT,
  		PRIMARY KEY ( `day`, `parent`, `child` ) 
  	) ENGINE = INNODB ROW_FORMAT = COMPRESSED CHARACTER 
  	SET = utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

• pom文件引入相关依赖

  
  
      
          lagou-parent
          com.lagou.edu
          1.0-SNAPSHOT
      
      4.0.0
  
      lagou-cloud-zipkin-server-9411
  
  
      
          
          
              io.zipkin.java
              zipkin-server
              2.12.3
              
                  
                  
                      org.springframework.boot
                      spring-boot-starter-log4j2
                  
              
          
  
          
          
              io.zipkin.java
              zipkin-autoconfigure-ui
              2.12.3
          
  
  
          
          
              io.zipkin.java
              zipkin-autoconfigure-storage-mysql
              2.12.3
          
          
              mysql
              mysql-connector-java
          
          
              com.alibaba
              druid-spring-boot-starter
              1.1.10
          
          
          
              org.springframework
              spring-tx
          
          
              org.springframework
              spring-jdbc
          
      
  

• 修改配置文件，添加如下内容

  server:
    port: 9411
  management:
    metrics:
      web:
        server:
          auto-time-requests: false # 关闭自动检测
  spring:
    datasource:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zipkin?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true
      username: root
      password: 123456
      druid:
        initialSize: 10
        minIdle: 10
        maxActive: 30
        maxWait: 50000
  # 指定zipkin持久化介质为mysql
  zipkin:
    storage:
      type: mysql

• 启动类中注入事务管理器

  package com.lagou.edu;
  
  import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
  import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
  import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
  import zipkin2.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;
  
  import javax.sql.DataSource;
  
  @SpringBootApplication
  @EnableZipkinServer // 开启Zipkin 服务器功能
  public class ZipkinServerApplication9411 {
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          SpringApplication.run(ZipkinServerApplication9411.class,args);
      }
  
      // 注入事务控制器
      @Bean
      public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(DataSource dataSource) {
          return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
      }
  }