Keepalived检测每个服务器节点状态,当服务器节点异常或工作出现故障, Keepalived将故障节点从集群系统中剔除,故障节点恢复后,Keepalived再将其加入到集群系统中所有工作自动完成,无需人工千预
使用keepalived为主从设备提供VIP地址漂移
# 在两台web服务器上安装keepalived
[root@pubserver cluster]# vim 07-install-keepalived.yml
---
- name: install keepalived
hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: install keepalived # 安装keepalived
yum:
name: keepalived
state: present
[root@pubserver cluster]# ansible-playbook 07-install-keepalived.yml
# 修改配置文件
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
12 router_id web1 # 设置本机在集群中的唯一识别符
13 vrrp_iptables # 自动配置iptables放行规则
... ...
20 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
21 state MASTER # 状态,主为MASTER,备为BACKUP
22 interface eth0 # 网卡
23 virtual_router_id 51 # 虚拟路由器地址
24 priority 100 # 优先级
25 advert_int 1 # 发送心跳消息的间隔
26 authentication {
27 auth_type PASS # 认证类型为共享密码
28 auth_pass 1111 # 集群中的机器密码相同,才能成为集群
29 }
30 virtual_ipaddress {
31 192.168.88.80/24 # VIP地址
32 }
33 }
# 删除下面所有行
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
# 等几秒服务完全启动后,可以查看到vip
[root@web1 ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep '88'
inet 192.168.88.100/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.80/24 scope global secondary eth0
# 配置web2
[root@web1 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 192.168.88.200:/etc/keepalived/
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
12 router_id web2 # 改id
13 vrrp_iptables
... ...
20 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
21 state BACKUP # 改状态
22 interface eth0
23 virtual_router_id 51
24 priority 80 # 改优先级
25 advert_int 1
26 authentication {
27 auth_type PASS
28 auth_pass 1111
29 }
30 virtual_ipaddress {
31 192.168.88.80/24
32 }
33 }
# 启动服务
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
# 查看地址,eth0不会出现vip
[root@web2 ~]# ip a s | grep '88'
inet 192.168.88.200/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
# 测试,现在访问88.80,看到是web1上的内容
[root@client1 ~]# curl http://192.168.88.80
Welcome from web1
# 模拟web1出现故障
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service
# 测试,现在访问88.80,看到是web2上的内容
[root@client1 ~]# curl http://192.168.88.80
Welcome from web2
# 在web2上查看vip,可以查看到vip 192.168.88.80
[root@web2 ~]# ip a s | grep '88'
inet 192.168.88.200/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.80/24 scope global secondary eth0
通过track script脚本控制监视MASTER服务器的80端口,实现主备切换
# 1. 在MASTER上创建监视脚本
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_http.sh
#!/bin/bash
ss -tlnp | grep :80 &> /dev/null && exit 0 || exit 1
[root@web1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_http.sh
# 2. 修改MASTER配置文件,使用脚本
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
1 ! Configuration File for keepalived
2
3 global_defs {
...略...
18 }
19
20 vrrp_script chk_http_port { # 定义监视脚本
21 script "/etc/keepalived/check_http.sh"
22 interval 2 # 脚本每隔2秒运行一次
23 }
24
25 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
26 state MASTER
27 interface eth0
28 virtual_router_id 51
29 priority 100
30 advert_int 1
31 authentication {
32 auth_type PASS
33 auth_pass 1111
34 }
35 virtual_ipaddress {
36 192.168.88.80/24
37 }
38 track_script { # 引用脚本
39 chk_http_port
40 }
41 }
# 3. 重起服务
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
# 4. 测试,关闭web1的nginx后,VIP将会切换至web2
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service
[root@web1 ~]# ip a s | grep 88
inet 192.168.88.100/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@web2 ~]# ip a s | grep 88
inet 192.168.88.200/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.80/24 scope global secondary eth0
# 5. 当MASTER的nginx修复后,VIP将会切换回至web1
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start nginx.service
[root@web1 ~]# ip a s | grep 88
inet 192.168.88.100/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.80/24 scope global secondary eth0
[root@web2 ~]# ip a s | grep 88
inet 192.168.88.200/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
环境说明:LVS-DR模式
client1 | eth0->192.168.88.10 |
lvs1 | eth0->192.168.88.5 |
lvs2 | eth0->192.168.88.6 |
web1 | eth0->192.168.88.100 |
web2 | eth0->192.168.88.200 |
# 关闭2台web服务器上的keepalived,并卸载
[root@pubserver cluster]# vim 08-rm-keepalived.yml
---
- name: remove keepalived
hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: stop keepalived # 停服务
service:
name: keepalived
state: stopped
- name: uninstall keepalived # 卸载
yum:
name: keepalived
state: absent
[root@pubserver cluster]# ansible-playbook 08-rm-keepalived.yml
# 创建新虚拟机lvs2
[root@myhost ~]# vm clone lvs2
# 为lvs2设置ip地址
[root@myhost ~]# vm setip lvs2 192.168.88.6
# 连接
[root@myhost ~]# ssh 192.168.88.6
eth0
上的VIP地址。因为vip将由keepalived接管[root@pubserver cluster]# vim 09-del-lvs1-vip.yml
---
- name: del lvs1 vip
hosts: lvs1
tasks:
- name: rm vip
lineinfile: # 在指定文件中删除行
path: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
regexp: 'IPADDR2=' # 正则匹配
state: absent
notify: restart system
handlers:
- name: restart system
shell: reboot
[root@pubserver cluster]# ansible-playbook 09-del-lvs1-vip.yml
# 查看结果
[root@lvs1 ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep 88
inet 192.168.88.5/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@lvs1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln # 查看规则
[root@lvs1 ~]# ipvsadm -D -t 192.168.88.15:80
# 在主机清单文件中加入lvs2的说明
[root@pubserver cluster]# vim inventory
...略...
[lb]
lvs1 ansible_host=192.168.88.5
lvs2 ansible_host=192.168.88.6
...略...
# 安装软件包
[root@pubserver cluster]# cp 01-upload-repo.yml 10-upload-repo.yml
---
- name: config repos.d
hosts: lb
tasks:
- name: delete repos.d
file:
path: /etc/yum.repos.d
state: absent
- name: create repos.d
file:
path: /etc/yum.repos.d
state: directory
mode: '0755'
- name: upload local88
copy:
src: files/local88.repo
dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@pubserver cluster]# ansible-playbook 10-upload-repo.yml
[root@pubserver cluster]# vim 11-install-lvs2.yml
---
- name: install lvs keepalived
hosts: lb
tasks:
- name: install pkgs # 安装软件包
yum:
name: ipvsadm,keepalived
state: present
[root@pubserver cluster]# ansible-playbook 11-install-lvs2.yml
[root@lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
12 router_id lvs1 # 为本机取一个唯一的id
13 vrrp_iptables # 自动开启iptables放行规则
... ...
20 vrrp_instance VI_1 {
21 state MASTER
22 interface eth0
23 virtual_router_id 51
24 priority 100
25 advert_int 1
26 authentication {
27 auth_type PASS
28 auth_pass 1111
29 }
30 virtual_ipaddress {
31 192.168.88.15 # vip地址,与web服务器的vip一致
32 }
33 }
# 以下为keepalived配置lvs的规则
35 virtual_server 192.168.88.15 80 { # 声明虚拟服务器地址
36 delay_loop 6 # 健康检查延迟6秒开始
37 lb_algo wrr # 调度算法为wrr
38 lb_kind DR # 工作模式为DR
39 persistence_timeout 50 # 50秒内相同客户端调度到相同服务器
40 protocol TCP # 协议是TCP
41
42 real_server 192.168.88.100 80 { # 声明真实服务器
43 weight 1 # 权重
44 TCP_CHECK { # 通过TCP协议对真实服务器做健康检查
45 connect_timeout 3 # 连接超时时间为3秒
46 nb_get_retry 3 # 3次访问失败则认为真实服务器故障
47 delay_before_retry 3 # 两次检查时间的间隔3秒
48 }
49 }
50 real_server 192.168.88.200 80 {
51 weight 2
52 TCP_CHECK {
53 connect_timeout 3
54 nb_get_retry 3
55 delay_before_retry 3
56 }
57 }
58 }
# 以下部分删除
# 启动keepalived服务
[root@lvs1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
# 验证
[root@lvs1 ~]# ip a s eth0 | grep 88
inet 192.168.88.5/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.15/32 scope global eth0
[root@lvs1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln # 出现规则
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.88.15:80 wrr persistent 50
-> 192.168.88.100:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.88.200:80 Route 2 0 0
# 客户端连接测试
[root@client1 ~]# for i in {1..6}; do curl http://192.168.88.15/; done
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
# 为了效率相同的客户端在50秒内分发给同一台服务器。为了使用同一个客户端可以看到轮询效果,可以注释配置文件中相应的行后,重启keepavlied。
[root@lvs1 ~]# vim +39 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
...略...
# persistence_timeout 50
...略...
[root@lvs1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service
# 在客户端验证
[root@client1 ~]# for i in {1..6}; do curl http://192.168.88.15/; done
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web1
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web1
Welcome from web2
# 配置LVS2
[root@lvs1 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 192.168.88.6:/etc/keepalived/
[root@lvs2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
12 router_id lvs2
21 state BACKUP
24 priority 80
[root@lvs2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@lvs2 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln # 出现规则
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.88.15:80 wrr
-> 192.168.88.100:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.88.200:80 Route 2 0 0
# 1. 验证真实服务器健康检查
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@lvs1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln # web1在规则中消失
[root@lvs2 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@lvs1 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln # web1重新出现在规则中
[root@lvs2 ~]# ipvsadm -Ln
# 2. 验证lvs的高可用性
[root@lvs1 ~]# shutdown -h now # 关机
[root@lvs2 ~]# ip a s | grep 88 # 可以查看到vip
inet 192.168.88.6/24 brd 192.168.88.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
inet 192.168.88.15/32 scope global eth0
# 客户端访问vip依然可用
[root@client1 ~]# for i in {1..6}; do curl http://192.168.88.15/; done
Welcome from web1
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web1
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web2
它是免费、快速并且可靠的一种解决方案,适用于那些负载特大的web站点,这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理,可以提供高可用性、负载均衡以及基于TCP和HTTP应用的代理
mode http
- 客户端请求被深度分析后再发往服务器,只适用于web服务
mode tcp
- 4层调度,不检查第七层信息,适用于各种服务
mode health
- 仅做健康状态检查,已经不建议使用
client1 | eth0 -> 192.168.88.10 |
HAProxy | eth0 -> 192.168.88.5 |
web1 | eth0 -> 192.168.88.100 |
web2 | eth0 -> 192.168.88.200 |
# 关闭192.168.88.6
[root@lvs2 ~]# shutdown -h now
# 配置192.168.88.5为haproxy服务器
[root@pubserver cluster]# vim 12-config-haproxy.yml
---
- name: config haproxy
hosts: lvs1
tasks:
- name: rm lvs keepalived # 删除软件包
yum:
name: ipvsadm,keepalived
state: absent
- name: rename hostname # 修改主机名
shell: hostnamectl set-hostname haproxy1
- name: install haproxy # 安装软件包
yum:
name: haproxy
state: present
[root@pubserver cluster]# ansible-playbook 12-config-haproxy.yml
# web服务器,不需要配置vip,不需要改内核参数。但是存在对haproxy也没有影响。
# 修改配置文件
[root@haproxy1 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
# 配置文件中,global是全局配置;default是缺省配置,如果后续有和default相同的配置,default配置将会被覆盖。
# 配置文件中,frontend描述haproxy怎么和用户交互;backend描述haproxy怎么和后台应用服务器交互。这两个选项,一般不单独使用,而是合并到一起,名为listen。
# 将64行之后全部删除,写入以下内容
64 #---------------------------------------------------------------------
65 listen myweb # 定义虚拟服务器
66 bind 0.0.0.0:80 # 监听在所有可用地址的80端口
67 balance roundrobin # 定义轮询调度算法
# 对web服务器做健康检查,2秒检查一次,如果连续2次检查成功,认为服务器是健康的,如果连续5次检查失败,认为服务器坏了
68 server web1 192.168.88.100:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
69 server web2 192.168.88.200:80 check inter 2000 rise 2 fall 5
70
71 listen stats # 定义虚拟服务器
72 bind 0.0.0.0:1080 # 监听在所有可用地址的1080端口
73 stats refresh 30s # 设置监控页面自动刷新时间为30秒
74 stats uri /stats # 定义监控地址是/stats
75 stats auth admin:admin # 监控页面的用户名和密码都是admin
# 启服务
[root@haproxy1 ~]# systemctl start haproxy.service
# 使用firefox访问监控地址 http://192.168.88.5:1080/stats
# 客户端访问测试
[root@client1 ~]# for i in {1..6}; do curl http://192.168.88.5/; done
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web1
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web1
Welcome from web2
Welcome from web1
# client1上使用ab访问
[root@client1 ~]# yum install -y httpd-tools
[root@client1 ~]# ab -n1000 -c200 http://192.168.88.5/
监控地址 http://192.168.88.5:1080/stats如下:
LVS适用于需要高并发性和稳定性的场景,Nginx适用于静态文件服务和反向代理等应用层负载均衡场景,HAProxy则具备较为丰富的功能和灵活性,适用于多种负载均衡场景。
优点:
缺点:
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缺点: