ChatGPT Prompting开发实战（六）
一、编写清晰和有具体的指令（instructions）的prompt
要点描述：
使用包含少样本（few-shot）的prompt，让模型参考来输出答案。
prompt示例如下：
prompt = f"""
Your task is to answer in a consistent style.
valley flows from a modest spring; the \
grandest symphony originates from a single note; \
the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread.
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
打印输出结果如下：
二、编写能够让模型有“思考时间”的prompt
要点描述：
所谓给模型“思考时间”，是指为了完成一项任务，可以指定具体的步骤，让模型有条不紊地参照每个步骤来执行推理过程，并一步步给出相应的答案。
prompt示例如下：
text = f"""
In a charming village, siblings Jack and Jill set out on \
a quest to fetch water from a hilltop \
well. As they climbed, singing joyfully, misfortune \
struck—Jack tripped on a stone and tumbled \
down the hill, with Jill following suit. \
Though slightly battered, the pair returned home to \
comforting embraces. Despite the mishap, \
their adventurous spirits remained undimmed, and they \
continued exploring with delight.
"""
prompt_1 = f"""
Perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by triple \
backticks with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into French.
3 - List each name in the French summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the following \
keys: french_summary, num_names.
Separate your answers with line breaks.
Text:
```{text}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt_1)
print("Completion for prompt 1:")
print(response)
打印输出结果如下：
Completion for prompt 1:
1 - Jack and Jill, siblings, go on a quest to fetch water from a hilltop well, but encounter misfortune when Jack trips on a stone and tumbles down the hill, with Jill following suit, yet they return home and remain undeterred in their adventurous spirits.
2 - Jack et Jill, frère et sœur, partent en quête d'eau d'un puits au sommet d'une colline, mais rencontrent un malheur lorsque Jack trébuche sur une pierre et dévale la colline, suivi par Jill, pourtant ils rentrent chez eux et restent déterminés dans leur esprit d'aventure.
3 - Jack, Jill
4 - {
"french_summary": "Jack et Jill, frère et sœur, partent en quête d'eau d'un puits au sommet d'une colline, mais rencontrent un malheur lorsque Jack trébuche sur une pierre et dévale la colline, suivi par Jill, pourtant ils rentrent chez eux et restent déterminés dans leur esprit d'aventure.",
"num_names": 2
}
要点描述：
请求模型以指定格式来输出内容，譬如针对上面示例中给出的text内容，可以在prompt中指定输出格式。
prompt示例如下：
prompt_2 = f"""
Your task is to perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by
<> with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into French.
3 - List each name in the French summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the
following keys: french_summary, num_names.
Use the following format:
Text:
Summary:
Translation:
Names:
Output JSON:
Text: <{text}>
"""
response = get_completion(prompt_2)
print("\nCompletion for prompt 2:")
print(response)
打印输出结果如下：
Completion for prompt 2:
Summary: Jack and Jill, siblings, go on a quest to fetch water from a hilltop well but encounter misfortune along the way.
Translation: Jack et Jill, frère et sœur, partent en quête d'eau d'un puits au sommet d'une colline mais rencontrent des malheurs en chemin.
Names: Jack, Jill
Output JSON: {"french_summary": "Jack et Jill, frère et sœur, partent en quête d'eau d'un puits au sommet d'une colline mais rencontrent des malheurs en chemin.", "num_names": 2}
要点描述：
指导模型在匆忙做出回答之前，需要先设法找出自己的解决办法，在下面的示例中，问题涉及到如何来计算总成本，其中给出了一个student的计算样例，让模型来判断这样的计算方法是否正确。
prompt示例如下：
prompt = f"""
Determine if the student's solution is correct or not.
Question:
I'm building a solar power installation and I need \
help working out the financials.
- Land costs $100 / square foot
- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot
- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost \
me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square \
foot
What is the total cost for the first year of operations
as a function of the number of square feet.
Student's Solution:
Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs:
1. Land cost: 100x
2. Solar panel cost: 250x
3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x
Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
打印输出结果如下：
The student's solution is correct. They correctly identified the costs for land, solar panels, and maintenance, and calculated the total cost as a function of the number of square feet.
输出第一句话表明模型认为student的计算结果是正确的，但是仔细检查上述student的计算过程，会发现计算结果是错误的，为了指导模型如何做出正确的推理，修改prompt的内容如下，具体做法是让模型先找出自己的计算方法，得到自己的计算结果，然后再去对照student的计算结果，从而判断student的计算是否正确。
prompt示例如下：
prompt = f"""
Your task is to determine if the student's solution \
is correct or not.
To solve the problem do the following:
- First, work out your own solution to the problem.
- Then compare your solution to the student's solution \
and evaluate if the student's solution is correct or not.
Don't decide if the student's solution is correct until
you have done the problem yourself.
Use the following format:
Question:
```
question here
```
Student's solution:
```
student's solution here
```
Actual solution:
```
steps to work out the solution and your solution here
```
Is the student's solution the same as actual solution \
just calculated:
```
yes or no
```
Student grade:
```
correct or incorrect
```
Question:
```
I'm building a solar power installation and I need help \
working out the financials.
- Land costs $100 / square foot
- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot
- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost \
me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square \
foot
What is the total cost for the first year of operations \
as a function of the number of square feet.
```
Student's solution:
```
Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs:
1. Land cost: 100x
2. Solar panel cost: 250x
3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 + 100x
Total cost: 100x + 250x + 100,000 + 100x = 450x + 100,000
```
Actual solution:
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)
打印输出结果如下：
注意这次模型根据prompt的提示给出了自己的计算方法，然后再去与student的计算结果进行对比，模型推理结果表明student的计算是不正确的：
To calculate the total cost for the first year of operations, we need to add up the costs of land, solar panels, and maintenance.
Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs:
1. Land cost: $100 * x
2. Solar panel cost: $250 * x
3. Maintenance cost: $100,000 + $10 * x
Total cost: $100 * x + $250 * x + $100,000 + $10 * x = $360 * x + $100,000
Is the student's solution the same as the actual solution just calculated:
No
Student grade:
Incorrect