Qt编码方式（中文显示）

最近在Qt上遇到界面显示中文乱码的问题，实现方法如下：

示例：

    QUdpSocket *mUdpRcver;

    QString     rcvData;

    while (mUdpRcver->hasPendingDatagrams())
    {
        QByteArray datagram;
        datagram.resize(mUdpRcver->pendingDatagramSize());
        mUdpRcver->readDatagram(datagram.data(), datagram.size());

        QTextCodec *tc = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK");
        rcvData = tc->toUnicode(datagram.data());

        qDebug()<<"Rcv data is :"<         emit statusChanged();
    }

     将UDP发送的数据通过“GBK”编码方式转化成QString。

    QString info = mBootReadCtrStatus->rcvData.toUtf8();
    mScanCtrStatus->setText(info);

    显示窗口接收到UDP数据后通过UTF-8转化显示出中文。

详细说明Qt编码的方式：

1.Qt Creator -> 工具 -> 选项 -> 环境 - >概要 -> 语言
   Qt Creator本身界面的语言选择，与cpp文件编码无关，与可执行文件显示编码无关
   重新打Qt Creator 此设置才能生效，这个唯一选择

2.Qt Creator -> 工具 -> 选项 -> 文本编辑器 -> 默认文件编码

   决定cpp文件编码，不同平台下此设置要相同。如果不同，cpp文件会有好多乱码，且不能被编辑，但不影响编译。重新打Qt Creator 此设置才能生效，这个推荐选，因为linux下是这个。如果打开的文件不是UFT-8：Qt Creator -> 编辑 -> 选择编码，选择<根据编码重新载入>这步选择文件的原始编码，再<根据编码保存>这步选择需要保存的目标编码

3.QTextCodec::setCodecForTr(QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8"));
只与这个相关QString str = tr("中文")。注意，相关的是转换过程，QString本身是unicode，不会影响到QString，这个必须和Qt Creator -> 工具 -> 选项 -> 文本编辑器 -> 默认文件编码相同。推荐选

4.QTextCodec::setCodecForCStrings(QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8"));
只与这个相关QString str = QString("中文")。注意，相关的是转换过程，QString本身是unicode，不会影响到QString，这个必须和Qt Creator -> 工具 -> 选项 -> 文本编辑器 -> 默认文件编码相同。推荐选

5.QTextCodec::setCodecForLocale(QTextCodec::codecForName("UTF-8"));
只与这个相关QString str = QString::fromLocal8Bit("中文")。
以上2个最好都不用,用以下的

// 常规做法举例之GB2312  ,注意"UTF-16"的输入是要带BOM的 
QTextCodec *pCodec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GB2312");// "UTF-8", "UTF-16"
GB2312转QString: pCodec->toUnicode();
QString转GB2312: pCodec->fromUnicode();

// 另外QString类分别针对"UTF-8", "UTF-16"做了专门的函数, 当然结果同常规做法是一样的,例子如下:

// Unicode(utf8)(3个字节/汉字, 1个字节/字母)

UTF-8转QString: QString::fromUtf8();

QString转UTF-8: QString.toUtf8();

// Unicode(utf16) Unicode(ucs2) Unicode(iso-10646-ucs-2)  2个字节/字符,也是windows记事本里那个Unicode
// qt中表示UTF-16要用ushot,不要用wchar_t(wchar_t大小根据编译器而定)
UTF-16转QString: QString::fromUtf16(); //这个带2个字节的BOM头，[0xFF 0xFE](61,00) 或者[0xFE 0xFF](00,61)
QString转UTF-16: QString.utf16();         //返回以0结尾的ushot数组。

6.UI界面控件中可直接写对应中文内容，而不需要另外的转换

因为QString本身是unicode,保存到文件文件时是这样写的:
label->setText(QApplication::translate("Dialog", "\346\210\221\344\273\254", 0, QApplication::UnicodeUTF8));或
label->setText(QString::fromUtf8("\346\210\221\344\273\254"));

7.文本文件的编码

windows平台文本文件有BOM
        ANSI:没有文件头,2字节/汉字,1字节/英文
        UTF-8:文件头[0xEF,0xBB,0xBF],3字节/汉字,1字节/英文
        Unicode:文件头[0xFF,0xFE],2字节/汉字,2字节/英文
        Unicode big endian :文件头[0xFE,0xFF],同Unicode,字节序相反

Linux平台UTF-8和GB2312文件都没有BOM
Linux平台UTF-16同windows一样,有BOM且相同

8.Qt支持的文本编码
("GBK", "CP936", "MS936", "windows-936", "roman8", "hp-roman8", "csHPRoman8", "TIS-620", "ISO 8859-11","WINSAMI2", "WS2", "Apple Roman", "macintosh", "MacRoman", "windows-1258", "CP1258", "windows-1257","CP1257", "windows-1256", "CP1256", "windows-1255", "CP1255", "windows-1254", "CP1254", "windows-1253","CP1253", "windows-1252", "CP1252", "windows-1251", "CP1251", "windows-1250", "CP1250", "IBM866", "CP866","csIBM866", "IBM874", "CP874", "IBM850", "CP850", "csPC850Multilingual", "ISO-8859-16", "iso-ir-226", "latin10","ISO-8859-14", "iso-ir-199", "latin8", "iso-celtic", "ISO-8859-13", "ISO-8859-10", "iso-ir-157", "latin6", "ISO-8859-10:1992", "csISOLatin6", "ISO-8859-9", "iso-ir-148", "latin5", "csISOLatin5", "ISO-8859-8", "ISO 8859-8-I", "iso-ir-138", "hebrew", "csISOLatinHebrew", "ISO-8859-7", "ECMA-118", "greek", "iso-ir-126", "csISOLatinGreek", "ISO-8859-6", "ISO-8859-6-I", "ECMA-114", "ASMO-708", "arabic", "iso-ir-127", "csISOLatinArabic", "ISO-8859-5","cyrillic", "iso-ir-144", "csISOLatinCyrillic", "ISO-8859-4", "latin4", "iso-ir-110", "csISOLatin4", "ISO-8859-3", "latin3","iso-ir-109", "csISOLatin3", "ISO-8859-2", "latin2", "iso-ir-101", "csISOLatin2", "KOI8-U", "KOI8-RU", "KOI8-R", "csKOI8R", "UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1", "latin1", "CP819", "IBM819", "iso-ir-100", "csISOLatin1", "ISO-8859-15", "latin9","UTF-32LE", "UTF-32BE", "UTF-32", "UTF-16LE", "UTF-16BE", "UTF-16", "System", "Iscii-Mlm", "Iscii-Knd", "Iscii-Tlg", "Iscii-Tml", "Iscii-Ori", "Iscii-Gjr", "Iscii-Pnj", "Iscii-Bng", "Iscii-Dev", "TSCII", "GB18030", "GB2312", "EUC-JP","ISO-2022-JP", "Shift_JIS", "JIS7", "SJIS", "MS_Kanji", "EUC-KR", "cp949", "Big5", "Big5-HKSCS", "Big5-ETen","CP950")