流利说商务英语学习笔记Level5 Unit2 Part 5 Basic Concepts

哈哈哈哈哈哈哈，我突然想法起来了我学的是商务英语，那么它的内容肯定都是商科相关的，难关我这么不擅长。今天学习了经典的“需求-供给”曲线，曲线应该从纵坐标的变化来分析。

Basic Concepts
基本概念

Supply and demand are basic concepts of economics. They are two forces that determine the price of the goods or services that we buy every day. Being familiar with them can help you better understand the economic world around you.
需求和供给是经济学中的基本概念。我们每天购买的商品或者服务，是由这两个因素决定的。熟悉它们，能帮助我们更好理解周围的经济学世界。

Trade: Trade is the exchange of goods or services between buyers and sellers. A buyer gives money to a seller in return for goods or services. The price of a good or service depends on the supply of the seller and the demand of the buyer.
交易：交易是买家和卖家之间商品或者服务的交换。买家把钱给卖家，获得商品或者服务。所以商品或者服务的价格取决于卖家的供给和买家的需求。

Supply: Supply is the quantity of goods or services that sellers have and are willing to sell. In order for a buyer to purchase a good or service, it must be a supply of it.
供给：供给是卖家拥有并且愿意售卖的商品或者服务的数量。为了让卖家购买商品或者服务，就必须有供给。

Demand: Demand is the quantity of goods or services that buyers are willing and able to purchase. In order for a business to sell its products, there needs to be demand for them.
需求：需求是卖家愿意并且有能力购买的商品或者服务的数量。为了让商家卖出它们的产品，就必须有对商品的需求。

Market price: The market price is the price at which something is offered in a marketplace. If consumers think that the price of a product is too high, they will not want to buy it, so there will be little demand. If the price of a product is lower that consumers’ expectations, they will be sold out quickly at less profit.
市场价格：市场价格是某件商品在市场中提供的价格。如果消费者认为产品的价格太高，它们可能不会购买，所以需求会很少。如果商品的价格比消费者期待的要低，商品会短期内以低利润告罄。

Surplus: A surplus occurs when the supply of a product is higher than the demand. If sellers have a surplus, they may lower their prices in order to sell more.
剩余：当商品的供给大于需求时就会有剩余。如果卖家有剩余，它们可能会降价来增加销量。

Shortage: A shortage occurs when there is not enough supply to meet the demand. During a shortage, sellers may choose to raise the prices in order to make more money.
短缺：当没有足够的供给来满足需求时，就会有短缺。短缺发生时，卖家会选择提价来赚更多钱。

总结

1. concept 概念 eg. New Concept English.
2. in return for 以……作为回报 eg. A buyer gives money to a seller in return for goods or services.
3. surplus 剩余 eg. A surplus occurs when the supply is higher than the demand.