Kotlin语言+Jetpack的CameraX库开发相机功能 第一篇

CameraX的官方介绍
CameraX 是一个 Jetpack 支持库,旨在帮助您简化相机应用的开发工作。它提供一致且易用的 API 接口,适用于大多数 Android 设备,并可向后兼容至 Android 5.0(API 级别 21)。

但是自定义CameraX开发写的代码较多,个人建议使用CameraController——一个Google开发团队封装好的相机管理类。之后的一篇文章是介绍使用CameraControoler和Mlkit库进行开发的拍照、录像和扫描二维码Demo。

本篇文章只是对CameraX得到拍照功能进行简单的封装演示,使用Kotlin+Viewbinding快速开发,欢迎各位指正交流。如果想直接使用CameraController的同学请点击下一篇文章~~
传送门:https://www.jianshu.com/p/e2092b3ab531

想直接下载Demo的同学可以直接点击:
https://github.com/cgztzero/KotlinCameraXDemo

第一步:引入cameraX官方库

 // CameraX core library using the camera2 implementation
def camerax_version = "1.1.0-alpha04"
// The following line is optional, as the core library is included indirectly by camera-camera2
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-core:${camerax_version}"
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-camera2:${camerax_version}"
// If you want to additionally use the CameraX Lifecycle library
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-lifecycle:${camerax_version}"
// If you want to additionally use the CameraX View class
implementation "androidx.camera:camera-view:1.0.0-alpha24"

第二步:创建布局




    

    

        

很简单的效果


E5ADBD74-90E7-4531-8790-10EF5851D8B6.png

第三步:开启预览+相机设置
1.需要用到的一些字段

protected var mPreview: Preview? = null //预览实例 是一个UseCase
protected lateinit var cameraProviderFuture: ListenableFuture //异步监听对象 监听相机是否准备完成
protected lateinit var cameraExecutor: ExecutorService//相机拍照的线程池
protected lateinit var processCameraProvider: ProcessCameraProvider//当前进程的相机提供者
protected lateinit var cameraSelector: CameraSelector //前置/后置相机选择对象
protected var imageCapture: ImageCapture? = null//拍照实例 是一个UseCase
protected var outputDirectory: String? = null//相片输出路径
protected var imageAnalyzer: ImageAnalysis? = null//相片分析器 可以自定义
protected var lensFacing: Int = -1//记录是前置or后置摄像头
protected var mCamera: Camera? = null//打开相机后获得的相机实例

2.初始化预览,预览初始化后需要和xml中的预览View进行绑定才可以看到画面

protected fun startPreview() {
 cameraExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()
 cameraProviderFuture = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(this)
 cameraProviderFuture.addListener(Runnable {
            //相机准备完毕后进入回调 初始化一次即可
            processCameraProvider = cameraProviderFuture.get()
            //实例化预览对象  注意旋转屏幕需要调用多次
            bindCameraUseCases()
        }, ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this))//异步 ContextCompat.getMainExecutor相当于通过handler回调在主线程
    }

3.bindCameraUseCases()绑定相机实例,这个方法可能被多次调用(比如在手机切换横屏和竖屏的时候)

/**
     * 实例化相机
     */
    open fun bindCameraUseCases() {
        //获得可预览对象
        mPreview = Preview.Builder()
            .setTargetAspectRatio(aspectRatio())//比例
            .setTargetRotation(getRotation())//设置了旋转 就不需要在判断file里的旋转信息了
            .build()
        //默认选择后置摄像头
        if (lensFacing == -1) {
            lensFacing = CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK
        }
        cameraSelector = CameraSelector.Builder().requireLensFacing(lensFacing).build()
        //保险起见 先解绑所有
        processCameraProvider.unbindAll()
        //初始化拍照实例
        initTakePictureCases()
        // 所有实例绑定到生命周期 就不需要手动释放相机了
        mCamera = processCameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(
            this,
            cameraSelector,
            mPreview,
            imageCapture,
            imageAnalyzer
        )
        //预览加载到view上 子类具体实现
        onPreviewPrepared(mPreview)
    }

4.初始化拍照实例 CamerX库将拍照,录像和解析图形都封装成了UseCase对象

 /**
     * 初始化拍照实例
     */
    private fun initTakePictureCases() {
        // ImageCapture
        imageCapture = ImageCapture.Builder()
            .setFlashMode(ImageCapture.FLASH_MODE_AUTO)//闪光灯设置
            .setTargetAspectRatio(aspectRatio())//拍照
            .setCaptureMode(ImageCapture.CAPTURE_MODE_MINIMIZE_LATENCY)//低延迟低质量 or 高延迟高质量
            .setTargetRotation(getRotation())
            .setFlashMode(ImageCapture.FLASH_MODE_AUTO)//闪光灯自动
            .build()

        // ImageAnalysis
        imageAnalyzer = ImageAnalysis.Builder()
            //注意源码注释: It is not allowed to set both target aspect ratio and target resolution on the same use case
//            .setTargetResolution(Size(1280, 720))
            .setTargetRotation(aspectRatio())
            .build()
    }

/**
     * 计算比例 文档里官方写法
     */
    private fun aspectRatio(): Int {
        val width = getActivityWidth()
        val height = getActivityHeight()
        val previewRatio = max(width, height).toDouble() / min(width, height)
        if (abs(previewRatio - RATIO_4_3_VALUE) <= abs(previewRatio - RATIO_16_9_VALUE)) {
            return AspectRatio.RATIO_4_3
        }
        return AspectRatio.RATIO_16_9
    }
  
  //根据view的旋转角度来给相机设置旋转角度
    private fun getRotation(): Int {
        return window.decorView.display.rotation
    }

5.拍照具体的一些方法调用

/**
     * 拍照
     */
    private fun takePicture() {
        if (outputDirectory.isNullOrEmpty()) {
            outputDirectory =
                applicationContext.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES)?.absolutePath + "/Test/"
            val file = File(outputDirectory)
            if (!file.exists()) {
                file.mkdirs()
            }
        }

        val photoFile = createFile()
        val metadata = ImageCapture.Metadata().apply {
            //水平翻转
            isReversedHorizontal = lensFacing == CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_FRONT
        }

        val outputOptions = ImageCapture.OutputFileOptions.Builder(photoFile)
            .setMetadata(metadata)
            .build()

        imageCapture?.takePicture(
            outputOptions, cameraExecutor, object : ImageCapture.OnImageSavedCallback {
                override fun onError(exc: ImageCaptureException) {
                    Log.e("ztzt", "Photo capture failed: ${exc.message}", exc)
                }

                override fun onImageSaved(output: ImageCapture.OutputFileResults) {
                    val savedUri = output.savedUri ?: Uri.fromFile(photoFile)
                    Log.e("ztzt", "Photo capture succeeded: $savedUri")
                }
            })
    }
    
  //预览要将xml中的preview和preview实例进行绑定
    override fun onPreviewPrepared(preview: Preview?) {
        super.onPreviewPrepared(preview)
        mPreview?.setSurfaceProvider(binding.previewView.surfaceProvider)
    }

Demo奉上:
1.想要看自定义拍照的的可以看TakePictureActivity
2.想看全功能的可以看CameraControllerActivity
传送门,
https://github.com/cgztzero/KotlinCameraXDemo
写的不好,希望大家可以多多交流~

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