Intent和Intent过滤器

概述

Intent是用于和其他应用组件通信的消息对象，

通常有三种用途：启动Activity、启动Service、发送Broadcast

Intent类型

显式Intent
隐式Intent

创建Intent

Component name
- setComponent()
- setClass()
- setClassName()
Action
- ACTION_VIEW
- ACTION_SEND
Data

Uri对象、指定数据的MIME类型
- setDataAndType()
Category
- CATEGORY_BROWSABLE
- CATEGORY_LAUNCHER
Extras

Bundle键值对
Flags

指示如何启动Activity，以及启动后它所属的任务栈

示例: App选择器

val sendIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND)
...

// Always use string resources for UI text.
// This says something like "Share this photo with"
val title: String = resources.getString(R.string.chooser_title)
// Create intent to show the chooser dialog
val chooser: Intent = Intent.createChooser(sendIntent, title)

// Verify the original intent will resolve to at least one activity
if (sendIntent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
    startActivity(chooser)
}

接收隐式Intent

清单文件中定义

- 
- 
-

PendingIntent

使用场景：

- Notification
- App Widget
- AlarmManager

创建：

- PendingIntent.getActivity()
- PendingIntent.getService()
- PendingIntent.getBroadcast()

解析Intent

action

Intent中指定的action必须与intent-filter中列出的action一项匹配。

若intent-filter中不包含action，匹配永远不会成功。

若Intent中未指定action，而只要intent-filter至少包含一个action就会默认匹配成功。
category

Intent中的每个category都必须与intent-filter中列出的category匹配。

即Intent中指定的category必须是intent-filter中category的子集。

若Intent不包含category，则匹配成功。
data
1. 仅当过滤器未指定任何 URI 或 MIME 类型时，不含 URI 和 MIME 类型的 Intent 才会通过测试。
2. 对于包含 URI 但不含 MIME 类型（既未显式声明，也无法通过 URI 推断得出）的 Intent，仅当其 URI 与过滤器的 URI 格式匹配、且过滤器同样未指定 MIME 类型时，才会通过测试。
3. 仅当过滤器列出相同的 MIME 类型且未指定 URI 格式时，包含 MIME 类型但不含 URI 的 Intent 才会通过测试。
4. 如果过滤器只是列出 MIME 类型，则假定组件支持 content: 和 file: 数据。

Intent匹配

PackageManager 提供一整套 query...() 方法来返回所有能够接受特定 Intent 的组件。

此外，还会提供一系列类似的 resolve...() 方法来确定响应 Intent 的最佳组件。

常见Intent

闹钟

Action：ACTION_SET_ALARM
Extras
- EXTRA_HOUR
- EXTRA_MINUTES
- EXTRA_MESSAGE
- EXTRA_DAYS
- EXTRA_RINGTONE
- EXTRA_VIBRATE
- EXTRA_SKIP_UI

//SET_ALARM permission 
fun createAlarm(message: String, hour: Int, minutes: Int) {
    val intent = Intent(AlarmClock.ACTION_SET_ALARM).apply {
        putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_MESSAGE, message)
        putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_HOUR, hour)
        putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_MINUTES, minutes)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

定时器

Action：ACTION_SET_TIMER
Extras：
- EXTRA_LENGTH
- EXTRA_MESSAGE
- EXTRA_SKIP_UI

//SET_ALARM permission
fun startTimer(message: String, seconds: Int) {
    val intent = Intent(AlarmClock.ACTION_SET_TIMER).apply {
        putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_MESSAGE, message)
        putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_LENGTH, seconds)
        putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_SKIP_UI, true)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

显示所有闹钟

Action：ACTION_SHOW_ALARMS

日历

Action：ACTION_INSERT
Data URI：Events.CONTENT_URI
MIME Type：“vnd.android.cursor.dir/event”
Extra：
- EXTRA_EVENT_ALL_DAY
- EXTRA_EVENT_BEGIN_TIME
- EXTRA_EVENT_END_TIME
- TITLE
- DESCRIPTION
- EVENT_LOCATION
- EXTRA_EMAIL

fun addEvent(title: String, location: String, begin: Long, end: Long) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT).apply {
        data = Events.CONTENT_URI
        putExtra(Events.TITLE, title)
        putExtra(Events.EVENT_LOCATION, location)
        putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_BEGIN_TIME, begin)
        putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_END_TIME, end)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

相机

拍摄照片或视频

相对于相机应用，此界面只要拍摄功能，无相册

Action：ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE or ACTION_VIDEO_CAPTURE
Extras：EXTRA_OUTPUT

const val REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE = 1
val locationForPhotos: Uri = ...

fun capturePhoto(targetFilename: String) {
    val intent = Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE).apply {
        putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.withAppendedPath(locationForPhotos, targetFilename))
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE)
    }
}

override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent) {
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
        val thumbnail: Bitmap = data.getParcelableExtra("data")
        // Do other work with full size photo saved in locationForPhotos
        ...
    }
}

For more information about how to use this intent to capture a photo, including how to create an appropriate Uri for the output location, read Taking Photos Simply or Taking Videos Simply.

启动相机应用

INTENT_ACTION_STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA
INTENT_ACTION_VIDEO_CAMERA

联系人

选择联系人

Action：ACTION_PICK
MIME Type：Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE

选择特定联系人数据

Action：ACTION_PICK
MIME Type：
- CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTNET_TYPE
- CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTNET_TYPE

const val REQUEST_SELECT_PHONE_NUMBER = 1

fun selectContact() {
    // Start an activity for the user to pick a phone number from contacts
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK).apply {
        type = CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_TYPE   
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_SELECT_PHONE_NUMBER)
    }
}

override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent) {
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_SELECT_PHONE_NUMBER && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
        // Get the URI and query the content provider for the phone number
        val contactUri: Uri = data.data
        val projection: Array = arrayOf(CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER)
        contentResolver.query(contactUri, projection, null, null, null).use { cursor ->
            // If the cursor returned is valid, get the phone number
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                val numberIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER)
                val number = cursor.getString(numberIndex)
                // Do something with the phone number
                ...
            }
        }
    }
}

查看联系人

Action：ACTION_VIEW
Data URI：content:

fun viewContact(contactUri: Uri) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, contactUri)
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

编辑现有联系人

Action：ACTION_EDIT
Data URI：content:
MIME Type：该类型是从联系人 URI 推断得出
Extra：ContactsContract.Intents.Insert

fun editContact(contactUri: Uri, email: String) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_EDIT).apply {
        data = contactUri
        putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.EMAIL, email)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

插入联系人

Action：ACTION_INSERT
MIME Type：Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE
Extra：ContactsContract.Intents.Insert

fun insertContact(name: String, email: String) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT).apply {
        type = ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE
        putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.NAME, name)
        putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.EMAIL, email)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

电子邮件

文件存储

检索特定类型的文件

Action：ACTION_GET_CONTENT
MIME Type：文件对应类型
Extra：
- EXTRA_ALLOW_MULTIPLE
- EXTRA_LOCAL_ONLY
Category（可选）：CATEGORY_OPENABLE

//获取照片
const val REQUEST_IMAGE_GET = 1

fun selectImage() {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT).apply {
        type = "image/*"
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_IMAGE_GET)
    }
}

override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent) {
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_GET && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
        val thumbnail: Bitmap = data.getParcelableExtra("data")
        val fullPhotoUri: Uri = data.data
        // Do work with photo saved at fullPhotoUri
        ...
    }
}

打开特定类型的文件

Action：ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT or ACTION_CREATE_DOCUMENT
MIME Type：文件对应类型
Extra：
- EXTRA_MIME_TYPES
- EXTRA_ALLOW_MULTIPLE
- EXTRA_TITLE
- EXTRA_LOCAL_ONLY
Category：CATEGORY_OPENABLE

//获取照片2
const val REQUEST_IMAGE_OPEN = 1

fun selectImage2() {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT).apply {
        type = "image/*"
        addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE)
    }
    // Only the system receives the ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT, so no need to test.
    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_IMAGE_OPEN)
}

override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent) {
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_OPEN && resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
        val fullPhotoUri: Uri = data.data
        // Do work with full size photo saved at fullPhotoUri
        ...
    }
}

地图

Action：ACTION_VIEW
Data URI：
- geo:latitude,longitude
  
  显示给定经纬度地图
- geo:latitude,longitude?z=zoom
  
  按照特定缩放级别显示（1-23，1为全球地图，23为最高精度缩放）
- geo:0,0?q=lat,lng(label)
  
  显示给定经纬度处带字符串标签的地图
- geo:0,0?q=my+street+address
  
  显示“我的街道”位置

fun showMap(geoLocation: Uri) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW).apply {
        data = geoLocation
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

音乐或视频

播放媒体文件

Action：ACTION_VIEW
Data URI：
- file:
- content:
- http:
MIME Type:
- "audio/*"
- "application/ogg"
- "application/x-ogg"
- "application/itunes"

fun playMedia(file: Uri) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW).apply {
        data = file
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

基于搜索播放音乐

Action：INTENT_ACTION_MEDIA_PLAY_FROM_SEARCH
Extra：MediaStore.EXTRA_MEDIA_FOCUS

fun playSearchArtist(artist: String) {
    val intent = Intent(MediaStore.INTENT_ACTION_MEDIA_PLAY_FROM_SEARCH).apply {
        putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_MEDIA_FOCUS, MediaStore.Audio.Artists.ENTRY_CONTENT_TYPE)
        putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_MEDIA_ARTIST, artist)
        putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, artist)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

新笔记

Action：ACTION_CREATE_NOTE
MIME Type：PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE
Extra：
- EXTRA_NAME
- EXTRA_TEXT

fun createNote(subject: String, text: String) {
    val intent = Intent(NoteIntents.ACTION_CREATE_NOTE).apply {
        putExtra(NoteIntents.EXTRA_NAME, subject)
        putExtra(NoteIntents.EXTRA_TEXT, text)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

电话

Action：
- ACTION_DIAL 打开拨号界面
- ACTION_CALL 拨打电话（需要CALL_PHONE权限）
Data URI：
- tel:
- voicemail:

fun dialPhoneNumber(phoneNumber: String) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL).apply {
        data = Uri.parse("tel:$phoneNumber")
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

网页搜索

Action：ACTION_WEB_SEARCH
Extra：SearchManager.QUERY 搜索字符串

fun searchWeb(query: String) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH).apply {
        putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, query)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

设置

Action：
- ACTION_SETTINGS
- ACTION_WIRELESS_SETTINGS
- ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_SETTINGS
- ACTION_WIFI_SETTINGS
- ACTION_APN_SETTINGS
- ACTION_BLUETOOTH_SETTINGS
- ACTION_DATE_SETTINGS
- ACTION_LOCALE_SETTINGS
- ACTION_INPUT_METHOD_SETTINGS
- ACTION_DISPLAY_SETTINGS
- ACTION_SECURITY_SETTINGS
- ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS
- ACTION_INTERNAL_STORAGE_SETTINGS
- ACTION_MEMORY_CARD_SETTINGS

fun openWifiSettings() {
    val intent = Intent(Settings.ACTION_WIFI_SETTINGS)
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

发短信

Action：
- ACTION_SENDTO
- ACTION_SEND
- ACTION_SEND_MULTIPLE
Data URI：
- sms:
- smsto:
- mms:
- mmsto:
MIME Type:
- "text/plain"
- "image/*"
- "video/*"
Extra
- "subject"
- "sms_body"
- EXTRA_STREAM

fun composeMmsMessage(message: String, attachment: Uri) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND).apply {
        data = Uri.parse("smsto:")  // This ensures only SMS apps respond
        putExtra("sms_body", message)
        putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, attachment)
    }
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

网页浏览器

Action：ACTION_VIEW
Data URI：
- http:
- https:
MIME Type：
- "text/plain"
- "text/html"
- "application/xhtml+xml"
- "application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml"

fun openWebPage(url: String) {
    val webpage: Uri = Uri.parse(url)
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage)
    if (intent.resolveActivity(packageManager) != null) {
        startActivity(intent)
    }
}

示例intent-filter

使用adb调试Intent

adb shell am start -a  -t  -d  \
  -e   -n

如：

adb shell am start -a android.intent.action.DIAL \
  -d tel:555-5555 -n org.example.MyApp/.MyActivity

Intent和Intent过滤器

概述

Intent类型

创建Intent

示例: App选择器

接收隐式Intent

PendingIntent

解析Intent

Intent匹配

常见Intent

闹钟

定时器

显示所有闹钟

日历

相机

拍摄照片或视频

启动相机应用

联系人

选择联系人

选择特定联系人数据

查看联系人

编辑现有联系人

插入联系人

电子邮件

文件存储

检索特定类型的文件

打开特定类型的文件

地图

音乐或视频

播放媒体文件

基于搜索播放音乐

新笔记

电话

网页搜索

设置

发短信

网页浏览器

使用adb调试Intent

你可能感兴趣的:(Intent和Intent过滤器)