起因:
__auto_type __weak wStr = @"123";
__auto_type __weak owStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"one two three"];
发现通过字面量的形式给 __weak 变量赋值,不会出现警告。
我们知道,__weak 在Objc的内存管理里是弱指针,仅指向但不拥有对象,一旦所指向的对象释放了,__weak 变量也会被设置为 nil 。所以常常用于解决循环引用。
根据引用计数的原理,一个对象没有变量去引用了,就会立即被释放掉,而用 __weak 变量去指向一个对象,同样也不会引起该对象引用计数的增加。
实验一下:
__auto_type __weak obj = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSLog(@"%@", obj);
__auto_type objs = [[NSObject alloc] init];
NSLog(@"%@", objs);
控制台输出:
2020-06-07 07:55:17.812027+0800 debug[2495:33225] (null)
2020-06-07 07:55:17.812886+0800 debug[2495:33225]
可见 __weak 变量并不能保留对象,在编译器中也会出现编译警告
WX20200607-081426.png
那么为何什么字面量的形式赋值时,不会出现该警告?难道字面量创建对象不会被释放?
我们将代码编译为C++代码,来分析结构
clang --rewrite-objc main.m
删去多余代码,我们得到如下主干部分:
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_0 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"one two three",13};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_1 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"one two three",13};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
/* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool;
__auto_type wStr = (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_0;
__auto_type owStr = ((NSString *(*)(id, SEL, NSString * _Nonnull))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)((NSString *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("alloc")), sel_registerName("initWithString:"), (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_1);
}
return 0;
}
字面量赋值,其实是将一个静态数据赋值给了 wStr,内存在编译后的二进制中,相当于静态变量。而通过代码结构创建的(有警告的那种),会走消息传递,从而内存交由 ARC 来管理。
出了NSString,NSNumber、NSArray、NSDictionary 也有字面量形式,它们的内存管理是否也和 NSString 一样,是个静态变量?
我们将如下代码,也转化为C++代码:
#import
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
__auto_type str = @"one two three";
__auto_type str2 = [NSString stringWithString:@"one two three"];
__auto_type str3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"one two three"];
__auto_type num = @345;
__auto_type num2 = @1.2345f;
__auto_type dic = @{
@"dicKey": @"hello world!"
};
__auto_type arr = @[@"one", @"two", @"three"];
}
return 0;
}
得到精简后的代码:
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_0 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"one two three",13};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_1 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"one two three",13};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_2 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"one two three",13};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_3 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"dicKey",6};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_4 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"hello world!",12};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_5 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"one",3};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_6 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"two",3};
static __NSConstantStringImpl __NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_7 __attribute__ ((section ("__DATA, __cfstring"))) = {__CFConstantStringClassReference,0x000007c8,"three",5};
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
/* @autoreleasepool */ { __AtAutoreleasePool __autoreleasepool;
__auto_type str = (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_0;
__auto_type str2 = ((NSString * _Nonnull (*)(id, SEL, NSString * _Nonnull))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("stringWithString:"), (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_1);
__auto_type str3 = ((NSString *(*)(id, SEL, NSString * _Nonnull))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)((NSString *(*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("NSString"), sel_registerName("alloc")), sel_registerName("initWithString:"), (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_2);
__auto_type num = ((NSNumber *(*)(Class, SEL, int))(void *)objc_msgSend)(objc_getClass("NSNumber"), sel_registerName("numberWithInt:"), 345);
__auto_type num2 = ((NSNumber *(*)(Class, SEL, float))(void *)objc_msgSend)(objc_getClass("NSNumber"), sel_registerName("numberWithFloat:"), 1.23450005F);
__auto_type dic = ((NSDictionary *(*)(Class, SEL, ObjectType _Nonnull const *, const id *, NSUInteger))(void *)objc_msgSend)(objc_getClass("NSDictionary"), sel_registerName("dictionaryWithObjects:forKeys:count:"), (const id *)__NSContainer_literal(1U, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_4).arr, (const id *)__NSContainer_literal(1U, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_3).arr, 1U);
__auto_type arr = ((NSArray *(*)(Class, SEL, ObjectType _Nonnull const * _Nonnull, NSUInteger))(void *)objc_msgSend)(objc_getClass("NSArray"), sel_registerName("arrayWithObjects:count:"), (const id *)__NSContainer_literal(3U, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_5, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_6, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_mi_6).arr, 3U);
}
return 0;
}
我们发现出了 NSString ,其他字面量并不是静态变量,而是间接的调用了自己的构造方法。
总结一下字面量的内存管理:
NSString -> 静态变量
NSNumber -> ARC
NSDictionary -> ARC
NSArray -> ARC
参考:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48416192/assigning-object-to-weak-reference-in-objective-c