多态:instanceof及类型转换

instanceof和类型转换

instanceof

instanceof比较操作符 (类型转换)引用类型,用于判断对象的类型是否为XX类型或XX类型的子类型

  • 格式:对象 instanceof 类名称
  • 解释:这将会得到一个boolean值结果,也就是判断前面的对象能不能当作后面类型的实例

父类Person:

public class Person {

    public void run(){
        System.out.println("run");
    }
}

子类Student:

public class Student extends Person {
    public void go(){
        System.out.println("go");
    }
}

子类Teacher:

public class Teacher extends Person{
}

通过Application类查看instanceof的用法:

              //Object > String
              //Object > Person >Teacher
              //Object > Person > Student
              Object object = new Student();

              //System.out.println(X instanceof Y);//能不能编译通过!取决于X跟Y是否存在父子关系
              System.out.println(object instanceof Student);//true
              System.out.println(object instanceof Person);//true
              System.out.println(object instanceof Object);//true
              System.out.println(object instanceof Teacher);//false
              System.out.println(object instanceof String);//false

              System.out.println("-----------------------");

              Person person = new Student();
              System.out.println(person instanceof Student);//true
              System.out.println(person instanceof Person);//true
              System.out.println(person instanceof Object);//true
              System.out.println(person instanceof Teacher);//false
              //System.out.println(person instanceof String);//还没运行就报错,编译报错!person和String是同级的,都是Object底下的

              System.out.println("----------------------");

              Student student = new Student();
              System.out.println(student instanceof Student);//true
              System.out.println(student instanceof Person);//true
              System.out.println(student instanceof Object);//true
              //System.out.println(student instanceof Teacher);//编译报错!Student和Teacher同级,都在Person底下
              //System.out.println(student instanceof String);//编译报错

类型转换

父类:Person

public class Person {

    public void run(){
        System.out.println("run");
    }
}

子类:Student

public class Student extends Person {
    public void go(){
        System.out.println("go");
    }
}

Application类:

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //类型之间的转换
        //父 >>> 子
        //高               低
        Person p1 = new Student();

        //p1将这个对象(Person)转换为Student类型,就可以使用Student类型的方法了!
        //Student p2 = (Student) p1;//高转低,强制转换
        //p2.go();
        ((Student)p1).go();//简写


        //子 >>> 父   低转高
        //子类转换为父类,可能丢失自己本来的一些方法!
        Student student = new Student();
        student.go();
        Person person = student;
    }
}

输出:

多态:instanceof及类型转换_第1张图片

  • 总结:
1.父类引用指向子类的对象
2.把子类转换为父类,向上转型;
3.把父类转换为子类,向下转型;强制转换
4.方便方法的调用,减少重复的代码!简洁

抽象:封装、继承、多态!   更抽象的:抽象类,接口

多态:instanceof和类型转换

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