China eradicated malaria

How China eradicated malaria

中国是如何消除疟疾的

Malaria has afflicted humans for thousands of years and has killed people on every continent except Antarctica. It was not until 1880, when Alphonse Laveran, a French military surgeon, performed autopsies on malaria victims, that scientists understood the illness was caused by parasites.*** In the 20th century alone as many as 300m people may have died of the disease — a chilling 5% of all deaths.

疟疾已经困扰了人类上千年；除南极洲以外，地球上每个大洲都有人死于疟疾。直到 1880 年，一位名叫阿方斯·拉韦朗的法国军医对死于疟疾的患者进行了尸检，科学家们才明白疟疾是由寄生虫所致。仅在 20 世纪，就有多达 3 亿人可能死于该疾病——该数值占到了（同时段）所有死亡人数的 5%，令人心惊。

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On June 30th China was certified "malaria-free" by the World Health Organisation (WHO), a status granted to countries that have seen no transmission of the disease for "at least the previous three consecutive years".***

6 月 30 日，中国通过了世界卫生组织“无疟疾”的认证；只有在过去至少连续三年内，未出现疟疾传播案例的国家才会得到该认证。

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In the 1940s China had an estimated 30m indigenous cases and 300,000 deaths a year. As recently as 2010 it recorded nearly 5,000 cases, but that figure dropped to zero four years ago. China's achievement is a result of three policies: early intervention, surveillance and cross-sector collaboration.

据估计，20 世纪 40 年代，中国每年有 3000 万个疟疾本土病例，造成的死亡人数达 30 万人。直到 2010 年，国内每年的疟疾病例为大约 5000 例；不过，四年前，这一指标降为了 0。中国消除疟疾的成就则要归功于以下三个方针：早介入、严监察与跨部门合作。

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In 1955 Chinese authorities launched the National Malaria Control Programme, which promoted the use of insecticide sprays, improved irrigation and case-detection and increased the provision of anti-malarial treatments. Though simple, these measures helped achieve steady progress in the country. By 1990 mortality rates had declined by 95%.

1955 年，中国政府启动了“国家疟疾控制计划”，推广使用杀虫喷雾、改善农业灌溉、升级病例检测，并且增加抗疟疾治疗的供应。尽管这些举措很简单，但它们却帮助中国在抗击疟疾方面取得了稳步进展。到了 1990 年，中国的疟疾死亡率已下降 95%。

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In 2010 the Chinese Ministry of Health brought together 13 government departments to implement the Malaria Elimination Action Plan, an ambitious scheme to eliminate malaria by 2020.

2010 年，中华人民共和国卫生部联合 13 个政府部门，共同实施了《中国消除疟疾行动计划》，该计划雄心勃勃，旨在 2020 年以前消除疟疾。

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When the covid-19 pandemic hit, the Chinese government continued to monitor at-risk zones. Other countries, however, have had to redistribute resources usually reserved for malaria to deal with the coronavirus. The WHO estimates that covid-19 disrupted about a third of countries' efforts to prevent, diagnose and treat malaria in the first three months of 2021.

新冠肺炎疫情来袭时，中国政府仍持续监测着疟疾风险地区。然而，其他国家不得不重新分配资源，将以往用于应对疟疾的资源用来应对新冠疫情。世界卫生组织估计，2021 年第一季度，新冠疫情扰乱了约三分之一的国家对疟疾的预防、诊断及治疗。

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主编：Felicity、Jenny

品控：Felicity

审核：Jojo

重点词汇

eradicate

/ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt/

v. 消灭，根除

英文释义：to pull up by the roots

英文释义：to destroy or get rid of something completely

例句：The programme aims to eradicate poverty worldwide through education and health care.

近义短语：wipe out（彻底抹掉；彻底消灭）

相关词汇：wipe（v. 擦掉，抹掉）

搭配短语：a campaign to wipe out malaria

malaria

/məˈler.i.ə/

n. 疟疾

文化补充：疟疾是由一种名为“疟原虫”的寄生虫，通过“按蚊”叮咬，或输入带疟原虫者的血液而感染的虫媒传染病；夏秋两季为其高发期。感染疟疾者通常会出现忽冷忽热、头痛恶心、高烧呕吐等症状，患者若不及时就诊，严重的甚至会危及生命。

afflict

/əˈflɪkt/

v. 使……痛苦，折磨

China eradicated malaria

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