KBS投稿指导-格式说明

Types of paper

Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:

(1) Original high-quality research and review papers (preferably no more than 20 double line spaced manuscript pages, including tables and figures).

(2) Short communications, for rapid publication (no more than 10 double line spaced manuscript pages, including tables and figures).

 

类型的纸

下列类别的投稿将被考虑发表:

(1)原创高质量的研究和评论论文(最好不超过20倍行距手稿页，包括表格和图表)。

(2)短通讯，用于快速出版(稿件不超过10页，双倍行距，包括表格和图表)。

/ Highlights files (where applicable)
Supplemental files (where applicable)

Further considerations
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements

For further information, visit our Support Center

/突出显示文件(如适用)
补充文件(如适用)
进一步的考虑

•手稿已经进行了“拼写检查”和“语法检查”

•参考书目中提到的所有参考书目都会在文中被引用，反之亦然

•从其他来源(包括互联网)使用受版权保护的材料已获得许可

•提供了一份竞争性利益声明，即使作者没有竞争性利益需要申报

•本指南中详细的期刊政策已被审查

•根据期刊要求提供推荐人建议和联系方式
欲了解更多信息，请访问我们的支持中心

 

Ethics in publishing

Please see our information pages on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication.

Declaration of competing interest

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors should complete the declaration of competing interest statement using this template and upload to the submission system at the Attach/Upload Files step. Note: Please do not convert the .docx template to another file type. Author signatures are not required. If there are no interests to declare, please choose the first option in the template. This statement will be published within the article if accepted. More information.

Submission declaration and verification

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service Crossref Similarity Check.

道德在出版
请参阅我们关于出版伦理和期刊出版伦理指南的信息页面。
竞争性利益声明
所有作者必须披露任何与他人或组织的财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会对他们的工作产生不适当的影响(偏见)。
潜在利益冲突的例子包括雇佣、咨询、股权、酬金、付费专家证词、专利申请/注册、拨款或其他资金。作者应使用此模板完成竞争利益声明，并上传至提交系统的附件/上传文件步骤。
注意:请不要将.docx模板转换为其他类型的文件。不需要作者签名。
如果没有兴趣声明，请选择模板中的第一个选项。
本声明如被接受，将在文章内发表。更多的信息。

提交声明及核实
提交一篇文章描述的工作意味着没有发表之前(除了一个抽象的形式,发布讲座或学术论文,看到“多个冗余或并发出版”)的更多信息,
它不考虑发表在其他地方,它的出版批准所有作者和默许或明确的负责任的机关工作,,如果接受了,它不会以同样的形式在其他地方出版，英文或任何其他语言，包括电子没有得到版权所有者的书面同意。
为了验证原创，你的文章可能会被原创检测服务Crossref相似度检查。

 

Preprints
Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier's sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).

Use of inclusive language

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.

预印本

请注意，预印本可以在任何时间任何地点共享，这符合爱思唯尔的共享政策。
共享您的预印本(例如在预印本服务器上)将不被视为提前出版(更多信息请参阅“多次、冗余或并发出版”)。

包容性语言的使用
包容性语言承认多样性，尊重所有人，对差异敏感，促进机会平等。内容不应假设任何读者的信念或承诺;不包含任何可能暗示某人在年龄、性别、种族、族裔、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况等方面优于另一人的内容;并自始至终使用包容性的语言。作者应该确保写作中没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。我们建议通过使用复数名词(“临床医生，患者/客户”)作为默认/尽可能避免使用“他，她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。我们建议避免使用涉及个人属性的描述词，如年龄、性别、种族、族裔、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况，除非这些描述词是相关和有效的。这些指导方针是作为一个参考点来帮助识别适当的语言，但绝不是详尽的或确定的。

Changes to authorship

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.

Copyright

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.

Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.

For gold open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete an 'Exclusive License Agreement' (more information). Permitted third party reuse of gold open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license.

更改作者

投稿前，作者应仔细考虑作者名单和顺序，并在投稿时提供最终的作者名单。
在作者名单中对作者姓名的任何添加、删除或重排，都必须在手稿被接受之前，并在期刊编辑批准的情况下进行。
为了要求修改，编辑必须收到以下通信作者的信息:(a)作者名单更改的原因(b)所有作者的书面确认(电子邮件，信件)，他们同意增加，删除或重新编排。在添加或删除作者的情况下，这包括添加或删除作者的确认。
只有在特殊情况下，编辑才会考虑在稿件被接受后作者的增删或重排。
在编辑考虑这一要求时，稿件将暂停出版。如果手稿已经在网上发表，任何经编辑批准的请求都将产生更正。

版权
文章被接受后，作者将被要求完成一份“期刊出版协议”(见更多相关信息)。
将向通讯作者发送一封电子邮件，确认手稿已收到，并附上“期刊出版协议”表格或该协议的在线版本的链接。
订阅者可复制目录或编制文章清单(包括摘要)，供机构内部流通。
在机构之外的转售或分销以及所有其他衍生作品，包括编译和翻译，都需要出版商的许可。如果包含其他版权作品的摘录，作者必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并注明文章的出处。爱思唯尔已经预先印好表格供作者在这些情况下使用。
对于黄金开放获取文章:当一篇文章被接受时，作者将被要求完成“独家许可协议”(更多信息)。允许第三方重复使用黄金开放存取文章是由作者选择的用户许可证。

Author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.

Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.

Role of the funding source

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.

Open access

Please visit our Open Access page for more information.

Elsevier Researcher Academy
Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.

Language (usage and editing services)
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Author Services.

开放获取
请访问我们的开放访问页面以获取更多信息。
爱思唯尔研究学院

研究院是一个免费的电子学习平台，旨在支持职业生涯早期和中期的研究人员在他们的研究旅程。
研究院的“学习”环境提供了几个互动模块，网络研讨会，可下载的指南和资源来指导你完成研究写作和同行评审的过程。请随意使用这些免费资源来改进您的提交并轻松地导航发布过程。
语言(使用和编辑服务)

请用良好的英语书写文本(接受美式或英式用法，但不要混合使用)。
如果作者认为他们的英文手稿可能需要编辑以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语，请使用爱思唯尔作者服务提供的英语编辑服务。

Submission

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.

Additional Information

Papers submitted to Knowledge Based Systems, may also be posted on The Computer Science Preprint Server, http://www.compscipreprints.com. Such posting on The Computer Science Preprint Server is in conformity with Elsevier copyright policy and in no way conflicts with submission to Knowledge Based Systems.

提交
我们的在线提交系统引导您逐步通过输入您的文章详细信息和上传您的文件的过程。
该系统将您的文章文件转换为一个PDF文件，用于同行评审过程。
可编辑的文件(如Word, LaTeX)需要排版您的文章以供最终发表。
所有通信，包括通知编辑的决定和修改请求，都是通过电子邮件发送的。

额外的信息
提交到基于知识系统的论文，也可以在计算机科学预印本服务器http://www.compscipreprints.com上发布。
在计算机科学预印本服务器上发布的内容符合爱思唯尔版权政策，并与提交基于知识的系统不存在任何冲突。

Peer review

This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.

Use of word processing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.

LaTeX
You are recommended to use the Elsevier article class elsarticle.cls to prepare your manuscript and BibTeX to generate your bibliography.
Our LaTeX site has detailed submission instructions, templates and other information.

Article structure

Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

同行评审
这本杂志只进行一个匿名审查程序。
所有投稿将由编辑初步评估是否适合该期刊。
被认为合适的论文通常会被送到至少两个独立的专家审稿人那里，以评估论文的科学质量。
编辑负责最终决定是否接受或拒绝的文章。编辑的决定是最终决定。
编辑不参与他们自己或家人或同事所写的论文的决定，也不参与编辑感兴趣的产品或服务的决定。
任何这样的提交都遵循期刊的常规程序，同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行。关于同行评审类型的更多信息。

使用文字处理软件

将文件保存为所使用的字处理程序的本机格式是很重要的。
文本应采用单列格式。
尽量保持文本的布局简单。
大多数格式化代码将在处理文章时删除和替换。
特别是，不要使用文字处理程序的选项来调整文本或给单词加连字符。但是，一定要使用粗体、斜体、下标、上标等。
在准备表时，如果您使用一个表网格，那么每个表只使用一个网格，而不是每个行使用一个网格。如果没有使用网格，使用制表符而不是空格来对齐列。
电子文本应以与传统手稿非常相似的方式编写(另见Elsevier出版指南)。请注意，无论您是否将您的图形嵌入到文本中，都需要图形、表格和文本图形的源文件。
也可参阅电子插图部分。

为了避免不必要的错误，我们强烈建议你使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。

LaTeX

建议您使用Elsevier的文章类elsarticle。cls准备你的手稿，BibTeX生成你的参考书目。  elsarticle。cls  https://ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsarticle

我们的LaTeX网站有详细的提交说明、模板和其他信息。

我下载下来之后发现好多模板，哪个才是

文章结构
细分-编号的部分

把你的文章分成明确定义和编号的部分。分段应该编号为1.1(然后是1.1.1,1.1.2，…)，1.2，等等(摘要不包括在节编号中)。
这种编号也可以用于内部交叉引用:不要只引用“文本”。任何小节都可以加一个简短的标题。每个标题应该单独出现在一行中。

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.

Theory/calculation
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.

Results
Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

Essential title page information

介绍

说明工作目标，提供充分的背景，避免详细的文献调查或结果总结。
材料和方法

提供足够的细节，以允许独立研究人员复制的工作。对已经发表的方法进行总结，并用参考文献标明。如果直接引用先前发布的方法，请使用引号并引用源。还应该描述对现有方法的任何修改。
理论/计算

一个理论部分应该扩展，而不是重复，本文的背景已经在引言中处理，并为进一步的工作奠定基础。而计算段则代表了从理论基础出发的实际发展。

结果

结果应该清晰简洁。
讨论

这应该探索工作成果的意义，而不是重复它们。结果和讨论部分的组合通常是合适的。避免大量引用和讨论已发表的文献。
结论

研究的主要结论可以在一个简短的结论部分提出，这可以独立或形成一个讨论的分段或结果和讨论部分。
附录

如有一个以上的附录，则应标明为A、B等。附录中的公式和方程式应单独编号:式(A.1)、式(A.2)等;在随后的附录中，如(B.1)等。表和图也是如此:表A.1;图a . 1,等等。
基本标题页信息

• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Highlights

Highlights are optional yet highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the examples here: example Highlights.

Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).

Abstract

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

•标题。简洁而丰富。标题常用于信息检索系统。尽量避免使用缩写和公式。

•作者姓名和隶属关系。请清楚填写每位作者的姓名及姓，并核对是否拼写正确。您可以在您自己的脚本中在英语音译后的括号中添加您的名字。在姓名下面附上作者的工作单位地址(实际工作完成的地方)。在作者姓名的后面和适当地址的前面用小写的上标字母表示所有的从属关系。提供每个单位的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称，如果有的话，每个作者的电子邮件地址。

•通讯作者。明确指出谁将处理所有阶段的通信评审和出版，以及出版后。这一职责包括回答未来关于方法和材料的任何疑问。确保提供电子邮件地址，并且通信作者保持最新的联系方式。

•现在/永久地址。如果作者在文章中描述的作品完成后搬家，或当时正在访问，“现住址”(或“永久住址”)可以作为作者姓名的脚注。作者实际完成作品的地址必须保留为主要的附属地址。上标阿拉伯数字用于这种脚注。
突出了
突出显示是可选的，但强烈鼓励本杂志使用，因为它们可以增加您的文章通过搜索引擎的曝光率。
它们包括一个简短的要点集合，捕捉你的研究的新颖结果以及在研究中使用的新方法(如果有的话)。
请看下面的例子:突出的例子。
亮点应提交在一个单独的编辑文件在在线提交系统。请在文件名中使用“突出部分”，并包括3至5个项目符号(每个项目符号最多85个字符，包括空格)。
摘要
一个简明的和事实的摘要是必需的。摘要应简要陈述研究目的、主要成果和主要结论。摘要往往是单独的文章，所以它必须能够独立。因此，应避免引用，但如果必要，则应引用作者和年份。另外，应该避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写，但如果它们是必要的，则必须在第一次在抽象中提到它们时进行定义。
关键字
紧接摘要之后，最多提供6个关键词，使用美式拼写，避免通用和复数术语和多个概念(避免，例如，'and'， 'of')。少用缩略语:只有在该领域站稳脚跟的缩略语才有资格申请。这些关键字将用于索引目的。
缩写

在放置在文章第一页的脚注中定义该领域中不标准的缩写。
这些在摘要中不可避免的缩略语，必须在它的第一次提到和脚注中加以说明。确保整篇文章缩写的一致性。

 

Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

Formatting of funding sources
List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.

If no funding has been provided for the research, please include the following sentence:

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

Artwork

Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.

确认

在参考文献之前，在文章结尾的单独部分核对确认，因此，不要在标题页上包括它们，作为标题的脚注或其他。这里列出那些在研究过程中提供帮助的人(例如，提供语言帮助、写作帮助或文章校对等)。
资金来源的格式

以这种标准方式列出资金来源，以促进对资助方要求的遵守:
资助:这项工作由美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)资助[资助金额xxxx, yyyy];比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会，西雅图，华盛顿州;以及美国和平研究所[拨款编号aaaa]。
没有必要详细说明项目或资助和奖励的类型。如果资金来自一所大学、学院或其他研究机构的整体拨款或其他可用资源，请提交提供资金的机构或组织的名称。
如果研究没有获得资助，请附上以下句子:
这项研究没有得到任何来自公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构的特别资助。
数学公式

请提交数学方程作为可编辑的文本，而不是图像。
在可能的情况下，用普通文本写出简单的公式，
对于小的分数项，用solidus(/)代替水平线，例如X/Y。
原则上，变量用斜体表示。e的幂通常用exp来表示更方便。
连续数出任何必须与文本分开显示的方程(如果在文本中明确提到)。
脚注

脚注应谨慎使用。在整篇文章中，将它们连续编号。许多文字处理器可以在文本中添加脚注，这个功能也可以使用。否则，请指出脚注在文本中的位置，并在文章的结尾分别列出脚注本身。不要在参考列表中包含脚注。

艺术作品
电子艺术作品

一般分

•确保你使用统一的字体和尺寸的原始作品。

•嵌入使用的字体，如果应用程序提供该选项。

•在你的插图中尽量使用以下字体:Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol，或使用看起来相似的字体。

•根据文本中的插图顺序为插图编号。

•对你的作品文件使用逻辑命名约定。

•单独提供插图说明。

•将插图的尺寸调整到接近出版版本的理想尺寸。

•将每个插图作为单独的文件提交。

•确保所有人都能访问彩色图像，包括那些色觉受损的人。

 

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is' in the native document format.
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'Save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) in addition to color reproduction in print. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.

Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Tables

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.

References

Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Reference links
Increased discoverability of research and high quality peer review are ensured by online links to the sources cited. In order to allow us to create links to abstracting and indexing services, such as Scopus, CrossRef and PubMed, please ensure that data provided in the references are correct. Please note that incorrect surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may prevent link creation. When copying references, please be careful as they may already contain errors. Use of the DOI is highly encouraged.

A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article. An example of a citation using DOI for an article not yet in an issue is: VanDecar J.C., Russo R.M., James D.E., Ambeh W.B., Franke M. (2003). Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab beneath northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884. Please note the format of such citations should be in the same style as all other references in the paper.

Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.

References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.

Reference management software
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.

电子艺术品的详细指南是可用的。

我们敦促您访问本网站;这里给出了一些详细信息的摘录。

格式

如果你的电子作品是在Microsoft Office应用程序(Word、PowerPoint、Excel)中创建的，那么请以原生文档格式提供“原样”。

无论使用的是除Microsoft Office以外的其他应用程序，当您的电子作品完成后，请“另存为”或将图像转换为下列格式之一(请注意下列线条图、半色调和线/半色调组合的分辨率要求):

EPS(或PDF):矢量图纸，嵌入所有使用的字体。

TIFF(或JPEG):彩色或灰度照片(半色调)，不低于300 dpi。

TIFF(或JPEG):位图(纯黑白像素)线绘图，保持最低1000 dpi。

TIFF(或JPEG):位图线/半色调(颜色或灰度)的组合，保持最低500dpi。

请不要:

•提供优化屏幕使用的文件(例如，GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG);这些通常都是低像素和有限的颜色集合;

•提供分辨率太低的文件;

•提交的图形不成比例地大的内容。
颜色的艺术品

请确保艺术品文件的格式(TIFF(或JPEG)， EPS(或PDF)或MS Office文件)和正确的分辨率。如果您在提交文章的同时提交了可用的彩色图形，那么爱思唯尔将确保这些图形除了印刷的彩色复制外，还将在彩色在线(如ScienceDirect和其他网站)上显示，并且不收取额外费用。进一步的信息，准备电子艺术品。

图标题

确保每个插图都有标题。单独提供说明，不附在图上。
一个标题应该包括一个简短的标题(不是在图形本身上)和对插图的描述。尽量减少插图中的文字，但要解释所有使用的符号和缩写。
表
请提交表格作为可编辑的文本，而不是图像。表格可以放在文章的相关文本旁边，也可以放在文章末尾的单独页面上。按照表在文中的出现顺序对表编号，并在表正文下方放置任何表注释。避免使用表，并确保表中显示的数据不会重复本文其他部分描述的结果。请避免在表格单元格中使用垂直规则和阴影。
参考文献
引用的文本

请确保文中引用的每一个参考文献也出现在参考列表中(反之亦然)。摘要中引用的任何参考文献都必须完整地给出。未发表的结果和个人通信不推荐在参考列表中，但可能在文本中提到。如果这些参考文献被包含在参考文献列表中，它们应该遵循期刊的标准参考风格，并且应该包括用“未发表的结果”或“个人交流”来替代发表日期。引用“出版中”的引用意味着该项目已被接受出版。
参考链接

增加研究的可发现性和高质量的同行审查是通过引用的资源的在线链接来确保的。为了让我们能够创建到抽象和索引服务的链接，如Scopus, CrossRef和PubMed，请确保参考文献中提供的数据是正确的。请注意，不正确的姓氏，期刊/书籍的标题，出版年份和页码可能会阻止链接的创建。当复制引用时，请小心，因为它们可能已经包含错误。高度鼓励使用DOI。
DOI保证永远不会改变，因此您可以使用它作为任何电子文章的永久链接。在尚未出版的文章中引用DOI的一个例子是:VanDecar j.c.， Russo R.M.， James d.e.， Ambeh W.B.， Franke M.(2003)。委内瑞拉东北部小安的列斯板块的抗震延续性。地球物理研究杂志，https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884。请注意，这些引用的格式应该与论文中所有其他引用的格式相同。
Web引用

至少，应该给出完整的URL和最后一次访问引用的日期。任何进一步的信息，如果知道(DOI，作者姓名，日期，参考来源出版物等)，也应该给出。如果需要，网络参考资料可以单独列在不同的标题下(例如，在参考资料列表之后)，也可以包括在参考资料列表中。
数据引用

这本杂志鼓励你在你的手稿中引用潜在的或相关的数据集，在你的文本中引用它们，并在你的参考书目中包括一个数据参考。数据引用应该包括以下元素:作者名称、数据集标题、数据存储库、版本(如果可用)、年份和全局持久标识符。添加数据集立即

 

Users of Mendeley Desktop can easily install the reference style for this journal by clicking the following link:
http://open.mendeley.com/use-citation-style/knowledge-based-systems
When preparing your manuscript, you will then be able to select this style using the Mendeley plug-ins for Microsoft Word or LibreOffice.

Reference formatting
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:

Reference style
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.
Example: '..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ....'
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2010) 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
[2] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 19, e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Reference to a book:
[3] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, fourth ed., Longman, New York, 2000.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
[4] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 2009, pp. 281–304.
Reference to a website:
[5] Cancer Research UK, Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/, 2003 (accessed 13 March 2003).
Reference to a dataset:
[dataset] [6] M. Oguro, S. Imahiro, S. Saito, T. Nakashizuka, Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions, Mendeley Data, v1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.

Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.

Video

Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.

Data visualization

Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.

Supplementary material

Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.

Research data

This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages you to share your software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.

Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the "References" section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.

Data linking
If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.

There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).

用户的Mendeley桌面可以很容易地安装参考风格，通过点击以下链接:

http://open.mendeley.com/use-citation-style/knowledge-based-systems

在准备你的手稿时，你就可以使用用于Microsoft Word或LibreOffice的Mendeley插件来选择这种风格。
参考格式

提交时对引用格式没有严格的要求。只要样式一致，引用可以采用任何样式或格式。如适用，必须注明作者姓名、期刊名称/图书名称、章节名称/文章名称、出版年份、卷号/图书章节、文章编号或页码。高度鼓励使用DOI。本期刊使用的参考风格将适用于Elsevier在验证阶段接受的文章。请注意，遗漏的数据将在证明阶段突出显示，以供作者更正。如果你想自己设定推荐信的格式，你应该根据以下例子来安排:
参考风格

文本:在与文本一致的方括号内用数字表示引用。可以引用实际作者，但必须给出引用编号。

例如:“……证明(3、6)。巴纳比和琼斯[8]得到了不同的结果....'

列表:将参考文献(方括号内的数字)按照它们在文本中出现的顺序编号。

例子:

参考期刊出版物:

刘文杰，《科学论文写作的艺术》，科学出版社，北京。公社163(2010)51-59。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372。

指有文章编号的期刊出版物:

J. J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, 2018。写科学论文的艺术。e00205 Heliyon。19日。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205。

参考书目:

《风格的元素》，第4版，北京，2000。

参考编辑过的书中的一章:

杨振华，《如何准备你的文章的电子版本》，载《电子时代导论》，台北:电子出版社，2009，第281-304页。

网站参考:

[5]英国癌症研究中心，英国癌症统计报告。http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/ 2003(访问2003年3月13日)。

引用数据集:

[数据集]小黑雄，日本栎树枯萎病的死亡率和森林组成，门德雷数据，2015年1月。https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1。
源期刊缩写

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您可以选择将补充或附加原始数据的任何或所有部分转换为在data in Brief中发布的数据文章。数据文章是一种新类型的文章，它确保您的数据被积极地审查、管理、格式化、编入索引，给出DOI，并在发布时向所有人公开(请观看描述以data in Brief发布数据的好处的视频)。你被鼓励提交你的数据文章作为一个附加项目的简要数据直接与修订版本的手稿。如果您的研究文章被接受，您的数据文章将自动转移到简要数据，在那里它将被编辑审查，发表开放访问和链接到您的研究文章在ScienceDirect。请注意，如欲在“资料摘要”内发表资料，须缴付开放查阅费。详情可以在数据简介网站上找到。请使用此模板在简要数据文章中写入您的数据。
MethodsX

您可以选择将相关的协议和方法转换成一篇或多篇MethodsX文章，这是一种描述定制研究方法细节的新类型文章。许多研究人员花了大量的时间来开发方法，以适应他们的特定需求或环境，但往往没有得到这部分工作的赞扬。MethodsX，一个开放获取的期刊，现在发布了这些信息，以使其可搜索、同行评议、可引用和可复制。作者被鼓励提交他们的MethodsX文章作为一个附加项目直接与他们的手稿的修订版本。如果您的研究文章被接受，您的方法文章将自动转移到MethodsX，在那里它将被编辑审查。请注意，在MethodsX上发表文章须缴付开放查阅费。详细信息可以在MethodsX网站上找到。请使用此模板准备MethodsX文章。
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