Groovy 是增强 Java 平台的唯一的脚本语言。它提供了类似于 Java 的语法,内置映射(Map)、列表(List)、方法、类、闭包(closure)以及生成器。脚本语言不会替代系统编程语言,两者是相互补充的。
大名鼎鼎的 Gradle,背后是 Groovy。Spring 的未来越来越多的使用 Groovy,甚至在用 Jira 跟踪项目时,背后也有 Groovy。实际上,就应用场景而言,Java 开发已经有越来越多的 Groovy 出现在后台了。而对于一般的应用开发,只要能用 Java 就都能用到 Groovy,唯一的难点只在于能不能招到足够的人员。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.groovygroupId>
<artifactId>groovy-allartifactId>
<version>3.0.18version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
package groovy
def HelloWorld(){
println "hello world"
}
package com.example.springbootgroovy.service;
import groovy.lang.GroovyShell;
import groovy.lang.Script;
/**
* 这个是Groovy的第一个小程序,脚本为:
*
package groovy
def helloworld(){
println "hello world"
}
*
*/
public class GroovyTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建GroovyShell
GroovyShell groovyShell = new GroovyShell();
//装载解析脚本代码
Script script = groovyShell.parse("package groovy\n" +
"\n" +
"def HelloWorld(){\n" +
" println \"hello world\"\n" +
"}");
//执行
script.invokeMethod("HelloWorld", null);
}
}
hello world
package groovy
/**
* 简易加法
* @param a 数字a
* @param b 数字b
* @return 和
*/
def add(int a, int b) {
return a + b
}
/**
* map转化为String
* @param paramMap 参数map
* @return 字符串
*/
def mapToString(Map<String, String> paramMap) {
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
paramMap.forEach({ key, value ->
stringBuilder.append("key:" + key + ";value:" + value)
})
return stringBuilder.toString()
}
package com.example.springbootgroovy.service;
import groovy.lang.GroovyShell;
import groovy.lang.Script;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 向Groovy脚本中传入变量,以及获取返回值
*/
public class GroovyTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建GroovyShell
GroovyShell groovyShell = new GroovyShell();
//装载解析脚本代码
Script script = groovyShell.parse("package groovy\n" +
"\n" +
"/**\n" +
" * 简易加法\n" +
" * @param a 数字a\n" +
" * @param b 数字b\n" +
" * @return 和\n" +
" */\n" +
"def add(int a, int b) {\n" +
" return a + b\n" +
"}\n" +
"\n" +
"/**\n" +
" * map转化为String\n" +
" * @param paramMap 参数map\n" +
" * @return 字符串\n" +
" */\n" +
"def mapToString(Map paramMap) {\n" +
" StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();\n" +
" paramMap.forEach({ key, value ->\n" +
" stringBuilder.append(\"key:\" + key + \";value:\" + value)\n" +
" })\n" +
" return stringBuilder.toString()\n" +
"}");
//执行加法脚本
Object[] params1 = new Object[]{1, 2};
int sum = (int) script.invokeMethod("add", params1);
System.out.println("a加b的和为:" + sum);
//执行解析脚本
Map<String, String> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
paramMap.put("科目1", "语文");
paramMap.put("科目2", "数学");
Object[] params2 = new Object[]{paramMap};
String result = (String) script.invokeMethod("mapToString", params2);
System.out.println("mapToString:" + result);
}
}
19:16:28.950 [main] INFO com.kang.grafana.groovy.java.GroovyTest2 - [1,2]
19:16:28.954 [main] INFO com.kang.grafana.groovy.java.GroovyTest2 - a加b的和为:3
19:16:28.993 [main] INFO com.kang.grafana.groovy.java.GroovyTest2 - mapToString:{"科目2":"数学","科目1":"语文"}
在Groovy脚本中通过SpringContextUtil获取SpringBoot容器中的Bean
package com.example.springbootgroovy.util;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Spring上下文获取
*/
@Component
public class SpringContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware {
private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
SpringContextUtil.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
return applicationContext;
}
/**
* 通过name获取 Bean.
*
* @param name
* @return
*/
public static Object getBean(String name) {
return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);
}
/**
* 通过class获取Bean.
*
* @param clazz
* @param
* @return
*/
public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) {
return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);
}
/**
* 通过name,以及Clazz返回指定的Bean
*
* @param name
* @param clazz
* @param
* @return
*/
public static <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> clazz) {
return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);
}
}
package com.example.springbootgroovy.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class GroovyTestService {
public void test(){
System.out.println("我是SpringBoot框架的成员类,但该方法由Groovy脚本调用");
}
}
package groovy
import com.example.springbootgroovy.service.GroovyTestService
import com.example.springbootgroovy.util.SpringContextUtil
/**
* 静态变量
*/
class Globals {
static String PARAM1 = "静态变量"
static int[] arrayList = [1, 2]
}
def getBean() {
GroovyTestService groovyTestService = SpringContextUtil.getBean(GroovyTestService.class);
groovyTestService.test()
}
package com.example.springbootgroovy;
import groovy.lang.GroovyShell;
import groovy.lang.Script;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/groovy")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootGroovyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootGroovyApplication.class, args);
}
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String test() {
//创建GroovyShell
GroovyShell groovyShell = new GroovyShell();
//装载解析脚本代码
Script script = groovyShell.parse("package groovy\n" +
"\n" +
"import com.example.springbootgroovy.service.GroovyTestService\n" +
"import com.example.springbootgroovy.util.SpringContextUtil\n" +
"\n" +
"/**\n" +
" * 静态变量\n" +
" */\n" +
"class Globals {\n" +
" static String PARAM1 = \"静态变量\"\n" +
" static int[] arrayList = [1, 2]\n" +
"}\n" +
"\n" +
"def getBean() {\n" +
" GroovyTestService groovyTestService = SpringContextUtil.getBean(GroovyTestService.class);\n" +
" groovyTestService.test()\n" +
"}");
//执行
script.invokeMethod("getBean", null);
return "ok";
}
}
> groovy有利有弊,他能动态编译,也就是说安全性需要自己把控