react create-react-app v5 从零搭建（使用 npm run eject）
前言：
好久没用 create-react-app做项目了，这次为了个h5项目，就几个页面，决定自己搭建一个（ps:mmp 好久没用，搭建的时候遇到一堆问题）。
我之前都是使用 umi 。后台管理系统的项目 使用 antd-pro框架。实际上antd-pro 是基于umi搭建集成的框架。里面封装好了各种东西，开箱即用。
如果不想暴露 eject 可以参考 ：
react create-react-app v5 从零搭建项目 不暴露 eject
我的环境如下：
create-react-app v5
"axios": "^1.5.0",
"http-proxy-middleware": "^2.0.6",
"react": "^18.2.0",
"react-dom": "^18.2.0",
"react-router": "^6.16.0",
"react-router-dom": "^6.16.0",
搭建过程：
一、创建项目：
安装Node 和 npm: Node >= 14.0.0 和 npm >= 5.6
npx install -g create-react-app
npx create-react-app my-app
npx 不是拼写错误 —— 它是 npm 5.2+ 附带的 package 运行工具。
react 官网文档
二、配置各种必备的东西
npm start 运行 看到下图就说明项目创建成功了！
运行 npm run eject 此命令一旦运行不可逆!!!
如果不想 用这种方式可以参考：
react create-react-app v5 从零搭建项目 不运行 eject
配置less:
1.安装 less和less-loader
npm install less less-loader --save-dev
2.找到 config/webpack.config.js 添加less规则代码如下：
const lessRegex = /\.less$/;
const lessModuleRegex = /\.module\.less$/;
3.搜索oneOf，在oneOf数组中添加以下代码：
//less 配置
{
test: lessRegex,
exclude: lessModuleRegex,
use: getStyleLoaders(
{
importLoaders: 2,
sourceMap: isEnvProduction
? shouldUseSourceMap
: isEnvDevelopment,
},
"less-loader"
),
sideEffects: true,
},
//less 模块化配置
{
test: lessModuleRegex,
use: getStyleLoaders(
{
importLoaders: 2,
sourceMap: isEnvProduction
? shouldUseSourceMap
: isEnvDevelopment,
modules: {
getLocalIdent: getCSSModuleLocalIdent,
},
},
"less-loader"
),
},
要放到 sass-loader下面，位置不对可能不生效
我一开始放到了这里（错误示范）就不生效。
4.重新 npm start(修改 webpack.config.js里的东西 都要重新运行，别忘记保存！！！)
然后 直接 import ‘./App.less’ 或者 模块化引入 import styles from “./index.module.less”(当然 App.less 也要改成 App.module.less)。
看到 和 App.css运行的效果一样则说明配置成功。
配置路由：
1.下载 react-router-dom
npm install react-router-dom
2.App.js 里 写上如下代码：
import React from "react";
import { BrowserRouter, Routes, Route } from "react-router-dom";
import routes from './routes';
const App = () => {
console.log(routes)
return (
<BrowserRouter>
<Routes>
{routes.map((route) => (
<Route key={route.path} path={route.path} element={route.component} />
))}
{/* 
遇到 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading ‘useRef‘) 报错可以看：
react create-react-app 配置路由报错(Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading ‘useRef‘))
3.index.js里写上：
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import './index.css';
import App from './App';
import reportWebVitals from './reportWebVitals';
const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(
<React.StrictMode>
<App />
</React.StrictMode>
);
// If you want to start measuring performance in your app, pass a function
// to log results (for example: reportWebVitals(console.log))
// or send to an analytics endpoint. Learn more: https://bit.ly/CRA-vitals
reportWebVitals();
4.在src下新建一个 routes.js文件 写上：
// 导入你的页面组件
import Home from './pages';
const routes = [
{ path: "/", component: <Home/>}
];
export default routes;
运行看到 Home组件里的东西就说明成功了。之后可以在 scr/router.js里导入其他组件 写上 path和routers就行了。
注意：react-router-dom v6 和v5 api不太一样，比如 v5 把 Route 上是 component v6是element。具体写法 建议参考 你所用的版本 文档！
如果遇到了Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading ‘useRef‘) 报错，可以看https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44058725/article/details/133316898
配置axios：
1.安装 axios
cnpm install axios --save
2.src/utils 新建一个 request.js文件(没有utils就新建一个目录然后再建一个request.js)
3.request代码如下：
这个是最简单的配置了，你可以根据自己的需求配置 请求拦截里的东西。
import axios from 'axios'
// axios的配置文件, 可以在这里去区分开发环境和生产环境等全局一些配置
const devBaseUrl = 'http://api.k780.com/'
const proBaseUrl = 'http://xxxxx.com/'
// process.env返回的是一个包含用户的环境信息,它可以去区分是开发环境还是生产环境
export const BASE_URL = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development' ? devBaseUrl : proBaseUrl
export const TIMEOUT = 5000
var request = axios.create({
baseURL:BASE_URL,//基准地址
timeout:TIMEOUT
})
//拦截请求
request.interceptors.request.use((config)=>{
return config
})
//拦截响应
request.interceptors.response.use((response)=>{
return response
},function (error){
//对响应的错误做点什么
return Promise.reject(error);
}
)
export default request;
配置Proxy代理：
使用 http-proxy-middleware
1.安装http-proxy-middleware
npm install http-proxy-middleware --save
2.根目录新建一个setupProxy.js
代码大致如下：
然后 请求接口时以/api/xx就会自动走代理。
const { createProxyMiddleware } = require('http-proxy-middleware');
module.exports = function(app) {
app.use(
'/api',
createProxyMiddleware({
target: 'http://localhost:8000',
changeOrigin: true,
// pathRewrite: {
// '^/api': '/',
// },
})
);
};
配置 px2rem：
具体请看：react create-react-app v5配置 px2rem （暴露 eject方式）
配置别名 src可以用 @ ：
1.在 config/webpack.config.js里搜索 alias 然后 加上
"@": paths.appSrc,
2.在 App.js里测试一下，引入 app的样式文件，我是 App.less。
import ‘@/App.less’;
3.重新运行 npm start 如果，样式确实生效了就说明，配置对了。
配置按需加载：
注意：antd-mobile无需配置手动按需加载
antd-mobile 按需加载
其实 antd 高版本也自带按需加载 可以不用配置（下面的代码只是个 演示，你如果有其他 ui库 或者 插件需要按需加载可以按照下面的步骤来）：
antd 官方链接 按需加载
如果你有其他插件需要配置可以参考这个步骤来：
1.找到 config/webpack.config.js 然后 搜索 oneOf 在下面加一个配置：
其实和配置less差不多。
{ //配置按需加载
test: /\.less$/,
use: [
'style-loader',
'css-loader',
'less-loader',
{
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
plugins: [
[
'import',
{
libraryName: 'antd',
libraryDirectory: 'es',
style: true, // 如果你使用的是 less，则设置为 true
},
],
],
},
},
],
include: /node_modules/,
},
我的 webpack.config.js完整的配置：
你可以参考对比：
'use strict';
const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const resolve = require('resolve');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const CaseSensitivePathsPlugin = require('case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin');
const InlineChunkHtmlPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/InlineChunkHtmlPlugin');
const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
const CssMinimizerPlugin = require('css-minimizer-webpack-plugin');
const { WebpackManifestPlugin } = require('webpack-manifest-plugin');
const InterpolateHtmlPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/InterpolateHtmlPlugin');
const WorkboxWebpackPlugin = require('workbox-webpack-plugin');
const ModuleScopePlugin = require('react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin');
const getCSSModuleLocalIdent = require('react-dev-utils/getCSSModuleLocalIdent');
const ESLintPlugin = require('eslint-webpack-plugin');
const paths = require('./paths');
const modules = require('./modules');
const getClientEnvironment = require('./env');
const ModuleNotFoundPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/ModuleNotFoundPlugin');
const ForkTsCheckerWebpackPlugin =
process.env.TSC_COMPILE_ON_ERROR === 'true'
? require('react-dev-utils/ForkTsCheckerWarningWebpackPlugin')
: require('react-dev-utils/ForkTsCheckerWebpackPlugin');
const ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin = require('@pmmmwh/react-refresh-webpack-plugin');
const createEnvironmentHash = require('./webpack/persistentCache/createEnvironmentHash');
//px2rem的配置
const px2rem = require("postcss-plugin-px2rem");
const px2remOpts = {
rootValue: 37.5, //这个值定义了1rem应该等于多少像素。在这里，1rem等于37.5
exclude: /(node_module)/, //这是一个正则表达式，用于指定哪些文件应该被排除在转换之外。在这里，所有在'node_module'目录下的文件都将被排除。
// mediaQuery: false, //这个选项表示是否应该在媒体查询中转换px单位。在这里，它被设置为false，意味着媒体查询中的px单位将不会被转换
// minPixelValue: 3, //这个选项表示应该转换的最小px值。在这里，只有px值大于或等于3的才会被转换
};
// Source maps are resource heavy and can cause out of memory issue for large source files.
const shouldUseSourceMap = process.env.GENERATE_SOURCEMAP !== 'false';
const reactRefreshRuntimeEntry = require.resolve('react-refresh/runtime');
const reactRefreshWebpackPluginRuntimeEntry = require.resolve(
'@pmmmwh/react-refresh-webpack-plugin'
);
const babelRuntimeEntry = require.resolve('babel-preset-react-app');
const babelRuntimeEntryHelpers = require.resolve(
'@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/assertThisInitialized',
{ paths: [babelRuntimeEntry] }
);
const babelRuntimeRegenerator = require.resolve('@babel/runtime/regenerator', {
paths: [babelRuntimeEntry],
});
// Some apps do not need the benefits of saving a web request, so not inlining the chunk
// makes for a smoother build process.
const shouldInlineRuntimeChunk = process.env.INLINE_RUNTIME_CHUNK !== 'false';
const emitErrorsAsWarnings = process.env.ESLINT_NO_DEV_ERRORS === 'true';
const disableESLintPlugin = process.env.DISABLE_ESLINT_PLUGIN === 'true';
const imageInlineSizeLimit = parseInt(
process.env.IMAGE_INLINE_SIZE_LIMIT || '10000'
);
// Check if TypeScript is setup
const useTypeScript = fs.existsSync(paths.appTsConfig);
// Check if Tailwind config exists
const useTailwind = fs.existsSync(
path.join(paths.appPath, 'tailwind.config.js')
);
// Get the path to the uncompiled service worker (if it exists).
const swSrc = paths.swSrc;
// style files regexes
const cssRegex = /\.css$/;
const cssModuleRegex = /\.module\.css$/;
const sassRegex = /\.(scss|sass)$/;
const sassModuleRegex = /\.module\.(scss|sass)$/;
const lessRegex = /\.less$/;
const lessModuleRegex = /\.module\.less$/;
const hasJsxRuntime = (() => {
if (process.env.DISABLE_NEW_JSX_TRANSFORM === 'true') {
return false;
}
try {
require.resolve('react/jsx-runtime');
return true;
} catch (e) {
return false;
}
})();
// This is the production and development configuration.
// It is focused on developer experience, fast rebuilds, and a minimal bundle.
module.exports = function (webpackEnv) {
const isEnvDevelopment = webpackEnv === 'development';
const isEnvProduction = webpackEnv === 'production';
// Variable used for enabling profiling in Production
// passed into alias object. Uses a flag if passed into the build command
const isEnvProductionProfile =
isEnvProduction && process.argv.includes('--profile');
// We will provide `paths.publicUrlOrPath` to our app
// as %PUBLIC_URL% in `index.html` and `process.env.PUBLIC_URL` in JavaScript.
// Omit trailing slash as %PUBLIC_URL%/xyz looks better than %PUBLIC_URL%xyz.
// Get environment variables to inject into our app.
const env = getClientEnvironment(paths.publicUrlOrPath.slice(0, -1));
const shouldUseReactRefresh = env.raw.FAST_REFRESH;
// common function to get style loaders
const getStyleLoaders = (cssOptions, preProcessor) => {
const loaders = [
isEnvDevelopment && require.resolve('style-loader'),
isEnvProduction && {
loader: MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
// css is located in `static/css`, use '../../' to locate index.html folder
// in production `paths.publicUrlOrPath` can be a relative path
options: paths.publicUrlOrPath.startsWith('.')
? { publicPath: '../../' }
: {},
},
{
loader: require.resolve('css-loader'),
options: cssOptions,
},
{
// Options for PostCSS as we reference these options twice
// Adds vendor prefixing based on your specified browser support in
// package.json
loader: require.resolve('postcss-loader'),
options: {
postcssOptions: {
// Necessary for external CSS imports to work
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/2677
ident: 'postcss',
config: false,
plugins: !useTailwind
? [
'postcss-flexbugs-fixes',
[
'postcss-preset-env',
{
autoprefixer: {
flexbox: 'no-2009',
},
stage: 3,
},
],
[
px2rem(px2remOpts)
],
// Adds PostCSS Normalize as the reset css with default options,
// so that it honors browserslist config in package.json
// which in turn let's users customize the target behavior as per their needs.
'postcss-normalize',
]
: [
'tailwindcss',
'postcss-flexbugs-fixes',
[
'postcss-preset-env',
{
autoprefixer: {
flexbox: 'no-2009',
},
stage: 3,
},
],
],
},
sourceMap: isEnvProduction ? shouldUseSourceMap : isEnvDevelopment,
}
}
].filter(Boolean);
if (preProcessor) {
loaders.push(
{
loader: require.resolve('resolve-url-loader'),
options: {
sourceMap: isEnvProduction ? shouldUseSourceMap : isEnvDevelopment,
root: paths.appSrc,
},
},
{
loader: require.resolve(preProcessor),
options: {
sourceMap: true,
},
}
);
}
return loaders;
};
return {
target: ['browserslist'],
// Webpack noise constrained to errors and warnings
stats: 'errors-warnings',
mode: isEnvProduction ? 'production' : isEnvDevelopment && 'development',
// Stop compilation early in production
bail: isEnvProduction,
devtool: isEnvProduction
? shouldUseSourceMap
? 'source-map'
: false
: isEnvDevelopment && 'cheap-module-source-map',
// These are the "entry points" to our application.
// This means they will be the "root" imports that are included in JS bundle.
entry: paths.appIndexJs,
output: {
// The build folder.
path: paths.appBuild,
// Add /* filename */ comments to generated require()s in the output.
pathinfo: isEnvDevelopment,
// There will be one main bundle, and one file per asynchronous chunk.
// In development, it does not produce real files.
filename: isEnvProduction
? 'static/js/[name].[contenthash:8].js'
: isEnvDevelopment && 'static/js/bundle.js',
// There are also additional JS chunk files if you use code splitting.
chunkFilename: isEnvProduction
? 'static/js/[name].[contenthash:8].chunk.js'
: isEnvDevelopment && 'static/js/[name].chunk.js',
assetModuleFilename: 'static/media/[name].[hash][ext]',
// webpack uses `publicPath` to determine where the app is being served from.
// It requires a trailing slash, or the file assets will get an incorrect path.
// We inferred the "public path" (such as / or /my-project) from homepage.
publicPath: paths.publicUrlOrPath,
// Point sourcemap entries to original disk location (format as URL on Windows)
devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate: isEnvProduction
? info =>
path
.relative(paths.appSrc, info.absoluteResourcePath)
.replace(/\\/g, '/')
: isEnvDevelopment &&
(info => path.resolve(info.absoluteResourcePath).replace(/\\/g, '/')),
},
cache: {
type: 'filesystem',
version: createEnvironmentHash(env.raw),
cacheDirectory: paths.appWebpackCache,
store: 'pack',
buildDependencies: {
defaultWebpack: ['webpack/lib/'],
config: [__filename],
tsconfig: [paths.appTsConfig, paths.appJsConfig].filter(f =>
fs.existsSync(f)
),
},
},
infrastructureLogging: {
level: 'none',
},
optimization: {
minimize: isEnvProduction,
minimizer: [
// This is only used in production mode
new TerserPlugin({
terserOptions: {
parse: {
// We want terser to parse ecma 8 code. However, we don't want it
// to apply any minification steps that turns valid ecma 5 code
// into invalid ecma 5 code. This is why the 'compress' and 'output'
// sections only apply transformations that are ecma 5 safe
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/pull/4234
ecma: 8,
},
compress: {
ecma: 5,
warnings: false,
// Disabled because of an issue with Uglify breaking seemingly valid code:
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/2376
// Pending further investigation:
// https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2/issues/2011
comparisons: false,
// Disabled because of an issue with Terser breaking valid code:
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/5250
// Pending further investigation:
// https://github.com/terser-js/terser/issues/120
inline: 2,
},
mangle: {
safari10: true,
},
// Added for profiling in devtools
keep_classnames: isEnvProductionProfile,
keep_fnames: isEnvProductionProfile,
output: {
ecma: 5,
comments: false,
// Turned on because emoji and regex is not minified properly using default
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/2488
ascii_only: true,
},
},
}),
// This is only used in production mode
new CssMinimizerPlugin(),
],
},
resolve: {
// This allows you to set a fallback for where webpack should look for modules.
// We placed these paths second because we want `node_modules` to "win"
// if there are any conflicts. This matches Node resolution mechanism.
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/253
modules: ['node_modules', paths.appNodeModules].concat(
modules.additionalModulePaths || []
),
// These are the reasonable defaults supported by the Node ecosystem.
// We also include JSX as a common component filename extension to support
// some tools, although we do not recommend using it, see:
// https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/290
// `web` extension prefixes have been added for better support
// for React Native Web.
extensions: paths.moduleFileExtensions
.map(ext => `.${ext}`)
.filter(ext => useTypeScript || !ext.includes('ts')),
alias: {
// Support React Native Web
// https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/08/a-glimpse-into-the-future-with-react-native-for-web/
'react-native': 'react-native-web',
// Allows for better profiling with ReactDevTools
...(isEnvProductionProfile && {
'react-dom$': 'react-dom/profiling',
'scheduler/tracing': 'scheduler/tracing-profiling',
}),
"@": paths.appSrc,
...(modules.webpackAliases || {}),
},
plugins: [
// Prevents users from importing files from outside of src/ (or node_modules/).
// This often causes confusion because we only process files within src/ with babel.
// To fix this, we prevent you from importing files out of src/ -- if you'd like to,
// please link the files into your node_modules/ and let module-resolution kick in.
// Make sure your source files are compiled, as they will not be processed in any way.
new ModuleScopePlugin(paths.appSrc, [
paths.appPackageJson,
reactRefreshRuntimeEntry,
reactRefreshWebpackPluginRuntimeEntry,
babelRuntimeEntry,
babelRuntimeEntryHelpers,
babelRuntimeRegenerator,
]),
],
},
module: {
strictExportPresence: true,
rules: [
// Handle node_modules packages that contain sourcemaps
shouldUseSourceMap && {
enforce: 'pre',
exclude: /@babel(?:\/|\\{1,2})runtime/,
test: /\.(js|mjs|jsx|ts|tsx|css)$/,
loader: require.resolve('source-map-loader'),
},
{
// "oneOf" will traverse all following loaders until one will
// match the requirements. When no loader matches it will fall
// back to the "file" loader at the end of the loader list.
oneOf: [
// TODO: Merge this config once `image/avif` is in the mime-db
// https://github.com/jshttp/mime-db
{
test: [/\.avif$/],
type: 'asset',
mimetype: 'image/avif',
parser: {
dataUrlCondition: {
maxSize: imageInlineSizeLimit,
},
},
},
// "url" loader works like "file" loader except that it embeds assets
// smaller than specified limit in bytes as data URLs to avoid requests.
// A missing `test` is equivalent to a match.
{
test: [/\.bmp$/, /\.gif$/, /\.jpe?g$/, /\.png$/],
type: 'asset',
parser: {
dataUrlCondition: {
maxSize: imageInlineSizeLimit,
},
},
},
{
test: /\.svg$/,
use: [
{
loader: require.resolve('@svgr/webpack'),
options: {
prettier: false,
svgo: false,
svgoConfig: {
plugins: [{ removeViewBox: false }],
},
titleProp: true,
ref: true,
},
},
{
loader: require.resolve('file-loader'),
options: {
name: 'static/media/[name].[hash].[ext]',
},
},
],
issuer: {
and: [/\.(ts|tsx|js|jsx|md|mdx)$/],
},
},
// Process application JS with Babel.
// The preset includes JSX, Flow, TypeScript, and some ESnext features.
{
test: /\.(js|mjs|jsx|ts|tsx)$/,
include: paths.appSrc,
loader: require.resolve('babel-loader'),
options: {
customize: require.resolve(
'babel-preset-react-app/webpack-overrides'
),
presets: [
[
require.resolve('babel-preset-react-app'),
{
runtime: hasJsxRuntime ? 'automatic' : 'classic',
},
],
],
plugins: [
isEnvDevelopment &&
shouldUseReactRefresh &&
require.resolve('react-refresh/babel'),
].filter(Boolean),
// This is a feature of `babel-loader` for webpack (not Babel itself).
// It enables caching results in ./node_modules/.cache/babel-loader/
// directory for faster rebuilds.
cacheDirectory: true,
// See #6846 for context on why cacheCompression is disabled
cacheCompression: false,
compact: isEnvProduction,
},
},
// Process any JS outside of the app with Babel.
// Unlike the application JS, we only compile the standard ES features.
{
test: /\.(js|mjs)$/,
exclude: /@babel(?:\/|\\{1,2})runtime/,
loader: require.resolve('babel-loader'),
options: {
babelrc: false,
configFile: false,
compact: false,
presets: [
[
require.resolve('babel-preset-react-app/dependencies'),
{ helpers: true },
],
],
cacheDirectory: true,
// See #6846 for context on why cacheCompression is disabled
cacheCompression: false,
// Babel sourcemaps are needed for debugging into node_modules
// code. Without the options below, debuggers like VSCode
// show incorrect code and set breakpoints on the wrong lines.
sourceMaps: shouldUseSourceMap,
inputSourceMap: shouldUseSourceMap,
},
},
// "postcss" loader applies autoprefixer to our CSS.
// "css" loader resolves paths in CSS and adds assets as dependencies.
// "style" loader turns CSS into JS modules that inject