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如何用python发送邮件？
最近在查看关于Python的一些书籍，看到了邮件发送相关的内容，特此整理一下。
运行环境
- windows10 64位系统
- python3.7版本
- Pycharm2020.1版本
准备工作
进入163邮箱，点击设置中的pop3/smtp/imap
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开启smtp服务，如果没有开启，点击开启，手机号验证后即可开启，开启后图如下：
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主要用到的就是smtp服务器：smtp.163.com
然后设置客户端授权密码：
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记住密码，如果不记得密码在这重新授权。手机号验证即可重新授权。这个密码一会写代码的时候要用
设置成功后，开始写代码
一、python对SMTP的支持
SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）是简单传输协议，它是一组用于用于由源地址到目的地址的邮件传输规则。
1.python中对SMTP进行了简单的封装，可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。
python对SMTP的支持
①email模块：负责构建邮件
②smtplib模块：负责发送邮件
2、smtplib.SMTP()对象方法的使用说明
①connect(host,port)方法参数说明
host:指定连接的邮箱服务器
port:指定连接的服务器端口
②login(user,password)方法参数说明
user:登录邮箱用户名
password:登录邮箱密码
③sendmail(from-addr,to_addrs,msg...)方法参数说明
from_addr:邮件发送者地址
to_addrs:字符串列表，邮件发送地址
msg:发送消息
④quit()：结束当前会话
二、发送不同格式的邮件
1、纯文本格式的邮件
下面上代码
# @File : simple1.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import smtplib
HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "Test email from Python"
TO = "[email protected]"
FROM = "[email protected]"
text = "Python rules them all!"
BODY = "\r\n".join((
"From: %s" % FROM,
"To: %s" % TO,
"Subject: %s" % SUBJECT,
"",
text
))
def main():
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(HOST, 25)
server.login(FROM, "123456")
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.sendmail(FROM, [TO], BODY)
server.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
注意： 发件人的密码是邮箱授权码，不是邮箱登录密码
我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图
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2、HTML格式的邮件
下面上代码
# @File : simple2.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formatdate
HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "官网流量数据报表"
TO = "[email protected]"
FROM = "[email protected]"
msg = MIMEText("""
*官网数据 更多>>
1）日访问量:152433 访问次数:23651 页面浏览量:45123 点击数:545122 数据流量:504Mb
2）状态码信息
500:105 404:3264 503:214
3）访客浏览器信息
IE:50% firefox:10% chrome:30% other:10%
4）页面信息
/index.php 42153
/view.php 21451
/login.php 5112
""", "html", "utf-8")
msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['To'] = TO
msg['Date'] = formatdate()
def main():
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(HOST, 25)
server.login(FROM, "123456")
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, msg.as_string())
server.quit()
print("邮件发送成功！")
except Exception as e:
print("失败：" + str(e))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图
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3、 发送图文格式的邮件：
下面上代码
# @File : simple3.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.utils import formatdate
HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "业务性能数据报表"
TO = "[email protected]"
FROM = "[email protected]"
def addimg(src, imgid):
fp = open(src, 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', imgid)
return msgImage
msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgtext = MIMEText("""
*官网性能数据 更多>>
""", "html", "utf-8")
msg.attach(msgtext)
msg.attach(addimg("img/bytes_io.png", "io"))
msg.attach(addimg("img/myisam_key_hit.png", "key_hit"))
msg.attach(addimg("img/os_mem.png", "men"))
msg.attach(addimg("img/os_swap.png", "swap"))
msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['To'] = TO
msg['Date'] = formatdate()
def main():
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(HOST, 25)
server.login(FROM, "123456")
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, msg.as_string())
server.quit()
print("邮件发送成功！")
except Exception as e:
print("失败：" + str(e))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图
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4、 发送不同格式的附件：
一般来说，不会用到MIMEBase，而是直接使用它的继承类。MIMEMultipart有attach方法，而MIMENonMultipart没有，只能被attach。
MIME有很多种类型，这个略麻烦，如果附件是图片格式，我要用MIMEImage，如果是音频，要用MIMEAudio，如果是word、excel，我都不知道该用哪种MIME类型了，得上google去查。
最懒的方法就是，不管什么类型的附件，都用MIMEApplication，MIMEApplication默认子类型是application/octet-stream。
application/octet-stream表明“这是个二进制的文件，希望你们那边知道怎么处理”，然后客户端，比如qq邮箱，收到这个声明后，会根据文件扩展名来猜测。
下面上代码
# @File : simple4.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.utils import formatdate
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
HOST = "smtp.163.com"
SUBJECT = "官网业务服务质量周报"
TO = "[email protected]"
FROM = "[email protected]"
def addimg(src, imgid):
fp = open(src, 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', imgid)
return msgImage
msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgtext = MIMEText("官网业务周平均延时图表:
![](\"cid:weekly\")
详细内容见附件。", "html",
"utf-8")
msg.attach(msgtext)
msg.attach(addimg("img/weekly.png", "weekly"))
attach = MIMEApplication(open("doc/week_report.xlsx", "rb").read())
attach.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename="week_report.xlsx")
msg.attach(attach)
msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['To'] = TO
msg['Date'] = formatdate()
def main():
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect(HOST, 25)
server.login(FROM, "123456")
server.sendmail(FROM, [TO], msg.as_string())
server.quit()
print("邮件发送成功！")
except Exception as e:
print("失败：" + str(e))
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图
Image
5、批量发送带附件邮件
下面上代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2020/5/22 15:01
# @Author : 一叶知秋
# @File : simple5.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import smtplib
import os
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.application import MIMEApplication
def add_attachment(email_attachment_address, msgRoot):
# 添加附件
for path in email_attachment_address:
if path.endswith(('.jpg', '.png')):
# jpg
picture_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=picture_name)
msgRoot.attach(part)
if path.endswith('.pdf'):
# pdf
pdf_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=pdf_name)
msgRoot.attach(part)
if path.endswith(('.docx', '.pptx', '.xlsx')):
# doc,xlsx,ppt
office_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=office_name)
msgRoot.attach(part)
if path.endswith('.txt'):
# txt
txt_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=txt_name)
msgRoot.attach(part)
if path.endswith('.mp3'):
# mp3
mp3_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=mp3_name)
msgRoot.attach(part)
if path.endswith(('.zip','.tar','.gz')):
# tar zip tar.gz
compress_name = path.split('\\')[-1]
part = MIMEApplication(open(path, 'rb').read())
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=compress_name)
msgRoot.attach(part)
def send_email(email_subject, email_content, email_attachment_address, email_receiver):
sender = '[email protected]'
passwd = '123456'
receivers = email_receiver # 邮件接收人
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart()
msgRoot['Subject'] = email_subject
msgRoot['From'] = sender
if len(receivers) > 1:
msgRoot['To'] = ';'.join(receivers) # 群发邮件
else:
msgRoot['To'] = receivers[0]
part = MIMEText(email_content)
msgRoot.attach(part)
# 添加附件
add_attachment(email_attachment_address, msgRoot)
server = None
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect('smtp.163.com')
server.login(sender, passwd)
server.sendmail(sender, receivers, msgRoot.as_string())
print('邮件发送成功')
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
print('邮件发送失败')
finally:
server.quit()
def main():
# 发送测试邮件
email_subject = 'python 邮件测试'
email_content = 'hello world'
file_dir = r'C:\Users\liming\Desktop\file_dir'
email_attachment_address = [os.path.join(file_dir, file) for file in os.listdir(file_dir)]
email_receiver = ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']
send_email(email_subject, email_content, email_attachment_address, email_receiver)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
我们将收到这样一封邮件，如下图
Image
最后
项目地址：https://github.com/jumploop/pymail
希望对大家有帮助！随手点个赞！
参考链接，书籍
- https://www.cnblogs.com/insane-Mr-Li/p/9121619.html
- 《Python自动化运维：技术与最佳实践》