Leetcode hot 100之双指针(快慢指针、滑动窗口)

目录

数组

有序的平方仍有序

删除/覆盖元素

移动零:交换slow和fast

滑动窗口:最短的连续子串(r++可行解->l--最短解)

最小长度的子数组

求和:sort、l = i + 1, r = len - 1

三数之和a+b+c=target

四数之和a+b+c+d=target

颜色分类(荷兰国旗):start=0、i、end=len-1

盛水最多:start=0、end=len-1 (水=哪边,则哪边往内走)

重复数:[1, n] 

链表

相交点:长的链表先走len=long-short

倒数第n个:slow+1,fast+n

中点/回文/环:slow+1,fast+2

环入口:相遇点+1、头结点+1

归并排序

自底向上

自顶向下

双指针

数组

数组

有序的平方仍有序

删除/覆盖元素

if(nums[i] != val){
            nums[k++] = nums[i]
        }

移动零:交换slow和fast

滑动窗口

初始化left = right = 0把索引左闭右开区间[left, right)称为一个「窗口」

int left = 0, right = 0;

while (right < s.size()) {
    // 增大窗口
    window.add(s[right]);
    right++;

    while (window needs shrink) {
        // 缩小窗口
        window.remove(s[left]);
        left++;
    }
}

最小覆盖子串

Leetcode hot 100之双指针(快慢指针、滑动窗口)_第1张图片

function minWindow(s, t) {
    const need = new Map();
    const window = new Map();

    for (const c of t) {
        need.set(c, (need.get(c) || 0) + 1);
    }

    let left = 0;
    let right = 0;
    let valid = 0;
    let start = 0;
    let len = Infinity;

    while (right < s.length) {
        const c = s[right];
        right++;

        if (need.has(c)) {
            window.set(c, (window.get(c) || 0) + 1);

            if (window.get(c) === need.get(c)) {
                valid++;
            }
        }

        while (valid === need.size) {
            if (right - left < len) {
                start = left;
                len = right - left;
            }

            const d = s[left];
            left++;

            if (need.has(d)) {
                if (window.get(d) === need.get(d)) {
                    valid--;
                }
                window.set(d, window.get(d) - 1);
            }
        }
    }

    return len === Infinity ? "" : s.substr(start, len);
}

字符串排列/异位词

Leetcode hot 100之双指针(快慢指针、滑动窗口)_第2张图片Leetcode hot 100之双指针(快慢指针、滑动窗口)_第3张图片

function checkInclusion(t, s) {
    const need = new Map();
    const window = new Map();

    for (const c of t) {
        need.set(c, (need.get(c) || 0) + 1);
    }

    let left = 0;
    let right = 0;
    let valid = 0;
    
    while (right < s.length) {
        const c = s[right];
        right++;

        if (need.has(c)) {
            window.set(c, (window.get(c) || 0) + 1);
            
            if (window.get(c) === need.get(c)) {
                valid++;
            }
        }
//与最小覆盖串的区别
        while (right - left >= t.length) {
            if (valid === need.size) {
                return true;
            }
//与最小覆盖串的区别            
            const d = s[left];
            left++;

            if (need.has(d)) {
                if (window.get(d) === need.get(d)) {
                    valid--;
                }
                window.set(d, window.get(d) - 1);
            }
        }
    }
    
    return false;
}

最长无重复子串

function lengthOfLongestSubstring(s) {
    const window = new Map();

    let left = 0;
    let right = 0;
    let res = 0; // 记录结果

    while (right < s.length) {
        const c = s[right];
        right++;
        
        // 进行窗口内数据的一系列更新
        window.set(c, (window.get(c) || 0) + 1);
        
        // 判断左侧窗口是否要收缩
        while (window.get(c) > 1) {
            const d = s[left];
            left++;
            
            // 进行窗口内数据的一系列更新
            window.set(d, window.get(d) - 1);
        }
        
        // 在这里更新答案
        res = Math.max(res, right - left);
    }

    return res;
}

最小长度的子数组

给定一个含有 n 个正整数的数组和一个正整数 s ,找出该数组中满足其和 ≥ s长度最小连续 子数组,并返回其长度。如果不存在符合条件的子数组,返回 0。

类似于前缀和:区间求和

let ans = Infinity
    
    while(end < len){
        sum += nums[end];
        while (sum >= target) {
            ans = Math.min(ans, end - start + 1);
            sum -= nums[start];
            start++;
        }
        end++;
    }

求和:sort、l = i + 1, r = len - 1

三数之和a+b+c=target

arr.sort()

 let l = i + 1, r = len - 1, iNum = nums[i]
        // 数组排过序,如果第一个数大于0直接返回res
        if (iNum > 0) return res
        // 去重
        if (iNum == nums[i - 1]) continue
        while(l < r) {
            if (threeSum < 0) l++ 
            else if (threeSum > 0) r--
            else {
                res.push([iNum, lNum, rNum])
                // 去重
                while(l < r && nums[l] == nums[l + 1]){
                    l++
                }
                while(l < r && nums[r] == nums[r - 1]) {
                    r--
                }
          
                l++
                r--
            } 
         }

四数之和a+b+c+d=target

    for(let i = 0; i < len - 3; i++) {
        // 去重i
        if(i > 0 && nums[i] === nums[i - 1]) continue;

颜色分类(荷兰国旗):start=0、i、end=len-1

盛水最多:start=0、end=len-1 (水=哪边,则哪边往内走)

Leetcode hot 100之双指针(快慢指针、滑动窗口)_第4张图片

重复数:[1, n] 

T(n):O(n)。「Floyd 判圈算法」时间复杂度为线性的时间复杂度。

S(n):O(1)。只需要常数空间存放若干变量。

对 nums数组建图,每个位置 i连一条 i→nums[i] 的边。由于存在的重复的数字 target,因此 targe这个位置一定有起码两条指向它的边,因此整张图一定存在环,且我们要找到的 target就是这个环的入口

var findDuplicate = function(nums) {
    let slow = 0, fast = 0;
    do {
        slow = nums[slow];
        fast = nums[nums[fast]];
    } while (slow != fast);
    slow = 0;
    while (slow != fast) {
        slow = nums[slow];
        fast = nums[fast];
    }
    return slow;
};

链表

相交点:长的链表先走len=long-short

倒数第n个:slow+1,fast+n

中点/回文/环:slow+1,fast+2

环入口:相遇点+1、头结点+1

Leetcode hot 100之双指针(快慢指针、滑动窗口)_第5张图片

相遇时: slow指针走过的节点数为: x + y, fast指针走过的节点数:x + y + n (y + z),n为fast指针在环内走了n圈才遇到slow指针, (y+z)为 一圈内节点的个数A

(x + y) * 2 = x + y + n (y + z)

x = (n - 1) (y + z) + z

虽然实际中的n>1,当 n为1的时候,公式就化解为 x = z

从头结点出发一个指针,从相遇节点 也出发一个指针,这两个指针每次只走一个节点, 那么当这两个指针相遇的时候就是 环形入口的节点

归并排序

自底向上

 T(n):O(nlogn)

S(n):O(1)

空间复杂度不是累计的,而是计算使用空间的峰值,

C/C++ 没有回收资源(new完后需要delete,不然内存泄漏照样是O(logn)),

但是像 java ,js这类语言会自动回收资源的

每次将链表拆分成若干个长度为 subLength 的子链表(最后一个子链表的长度可以小于 subLength)

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * function ListNode(val, next) {
 *     this.val = (val? 0 : val)
 *     this.next = (next? null : next)
 * }
 */
const merge = (head1, head2) => {
    let temp =  new ListNode(0), temp1 = head1, temp2 = head2;
    while (temp1&& temp2) {
        if (temp1.val <= temp2.val) {
            temp.next = temp1;
            temp1 = temp1.next;
        } else {
            temp.next = temp2;
            temp2 = temp2.next;
        }
        temp = temp.next;
    }
    if (temp1 !== null) {
        temp.next = temp1;
    } else if (temp2 !== null) {
        temp.next = temp2;
    }
    return dummyHead.next;
}

var sortList = function(head) {
    if (head === null) {
        return head;
    }
    //获取长度
    let length = 0;
    let node = head;
    while (node !== null) {
        length++;
        node = node.next;
    }

    const dummyHead = new ListNode(0, head);

    for (let subLength = 1; subLength < length; subLength <<= 1) {
        let prev = dummyHead, curr = dummyHead.next;

        while (curr !== null) {
            let head1 = curr;
            for (let i = 1; i < subLength && curr.next; i++) {
                curr = curr.next;
            }

            let head2 = curr.next;
            curr.next = null;
            curr = head2;
            for (let i = 1; i < subLength && curr&& curr.next; i++) 
                curr = curr.next;
            }

            let next = null;
            if (curr) {
                next = curr.next;
                curr.next = null;
            }
            const merged = merge(head1, head2);
           //通过 prev 指针将已排序的子链表连接到一起
            prev.next = merged;

            while (prev.next) {
                prev = prev.next;
            }
           //用 curr 指针继续遍历未排序的部分
            curr = next;
        }
    }
    return dummyHead.next;
};

自顶向下

操作

内部排序

思想

稳定

平均

S(n)

T(n)

平均

最坏

最好

2-路归并

分治;分组排序,两两合并 相邻 有序序列

n

nlog2n

nlog2n逆序

nlog2n顺序

双指针
const merge = (head1, head2) => {
    const dummyHead = new ListNode(0);
    let temp = dummyHead, temp1 = head1, temp2 = head2;
    while (temp1 !== null && temp2 !== null) {
        if (temp1.val <= temp2.val) {
            temp.next = temp1;
            temp1 = temp1.next;
        } else {
            temp.next = temp2;
            temp2 = temp2.next;
        }
        temp = temp.next;
    }
    if (temp1 !== null) {
        temp.next = temp1;
    } else if (temp2 !== null) {
        temp.next = temp2;
    }
    return dummyHead.next;
}

const toSortList = (head, tail) => {
    if (head === null) {
        return head;
    }
    if (head.next === tail) {
        head.next = null;
        return head;
    }
    let slow = head, fast = head;
    while (fast !== tail) {
        slow = slow.next;
        fast = fast.next;
        if (fast !== tail) {
            fast = fast.next;
        }
    }
    const mid = slow;
    return merge(toSortList(head, mid), toSortList(mid, tail));
}

var sortList = function(head) {
    return toSortList(head, null);
};
数组
  • key:
  1. left=arr.slice(0,mid)
  2. mergeLeft=mergeSort(left)
  3. res.push(leftArr.shift())
  4. res=res.concat(leftArr)
 function   mergesort(arr){
            if(arr.length<2)return  arr
            let  len=arr.length
            let  mid=parseInt(len/2)
            let l1=arr.slice(0,mid)
            let  r1=arr.slice(mid,len)
            let  mergeleft=mergesort(l1)
            let mergeright=mergesort(r1)

            return merge(mergeleft,mergeright)

            function merge(left,right){
                let res=[]
                while(left.length&&right.length){
                    if(left[0]<=right[0]){
                        res.push(left.shift())
                    }else{
                        res.push((right.shift()))
                    }
                }
                if(left.length){
                    res=res.concat(left)
                }
                if(right.length){
                    res=res.concat(right)
                }
                return  res
            }
         
    }

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