大数据看广东高考
Big Data of College Entrance Examination in Guangdong
小时候在幼儿园学习英文字母歌，小学背诵唐诗宋词三百首，初中接触牛顿第一定律，高中绞尽脑汁解几何函数题，是大部分90后的共同回忆；自从改革开放恢复高考后，孩子达到规定年龄就要去上学；爸妈送我们上学的时候会经常唠叨“知识改变命运，命运掌握在你手中”；随着九年义务教育的发展，越来越多的孩子获得更优渥的教育资源，大到高校的博士研究生，小到幼儿园的“从娃娃抓起”；而今年广东的高考总人数更是达到75.8万人，人数达到近年新高。高考，不是一个人的战斗，更是整个家庭的共同努力。
Learning English alphabet songs in kindergartens,reciting 300 poems of Tang poetry in primary school, doing Newton First Law experiment in junior high school and trying our best to solve geometric functions in high school are the common memory of most of the 90's children. Since the college entrance exams were resumed, the children should go to the school at the age required; when parents send us to school, they often say that "knowledge changes fate and fate lies in your hands." With the development of nine-year compulsory education, more and more children are getting better education Resources, from doctoral students in colleges to kindergartens’ Grabbing From children; In recent year, the total number of college entrance examinations in Guangdong has reached 75.8 million, and it reached a new high. What’s more, the college entrance examination is not a battle for one person, but it is the joint effort of the entire family.
我们收集了近年来的广东高考数据，从不同的角度阐述现今的教育资源状况，包括广东近年的高考报考人数、各录取批次分数线、录取率以及地区分布等。
By the collected data about Guangdong college entrance examination in recent years, we elaborated on the current state of education resources from different perspectives, including the number of college entrance examination applicants in Guangdong in recent years, the number of admission batches, admission rates, and regional distribution.
首先是近年来的高考报考总人数，从2010年61.5万人到2018年75.8万人，呈稳定增长趋势。报考人数连续五年超过70万，这一数字位居全国第二，仅次于河南省。广东考生面临的竞争十分激烈。
The first is the total number of collegeentrance examination applicants in recent years, from 615,000 in 2010 to788,000 in 2018, showing a steady growth trend. The number of applicants hasexceeded 700,000 for five consecutive years. This figure ranks second in thecountry, second only to Henan Province. The competition faced by candidates inGuangdong is very fierce.
接下来看到从2010年到今年的重本录取分数线（以理科为例），我们可以发现录取分数呈下降趋势，特别是在2016年广东采用全国卷后。由于全国卷的难度更大，近两年的各批次分数线相较以往均有大幅度的下降。比较之前使用广东卷，使用全国卷后广东理科的重本线竟然下降59分之多。
Looking at the heavy admissions scores from 2010 to this year (using science as an example), we can see that admission scores are declining, especially after Guangdong adopted the national unified examination papers since 2016. Due to the greater difficulty of the national unified examination papers, scores for all batches in the past two years have declined significantly. Compared with the score in the past, the weight of the Guangdong science branch has dropped by as much as 59 points after using the national unified examination papers.
我们再来看看2010年到2017年的录取率（以重本率为例），我们不难发现保持着稳定的增长的趋势，其主要原因是重点本科院校的扩招。广东省的重本率和本科率在与全国其他省市相比并不算高，仅略好于湖南等省份；该比率为全省整体录取数据，若将文理科分开，则文科生的实际录取比例要低的多。实际上，文科生的本科上线人数，连续三年在持续减少。
Let's take a look at the admission rate from 2010 to 2017 (using the acceptance rate of key universities as an example). It is not difficult to find that we have maintained a steady growth trend, which is mainly due to the expansion of the key undergraduate colleges. And Guangdong Province's heavy capital and undergraduate rates are not high compared with other provinces and cities in the country, which are only slightly better than Hunan and other provinces. At the same time, this ratio is the province's overall admission data. If the liberal arts and sciences are separated, the liberal arts students' actual The admission rate is much lower.In fact, the number of undergraduate liberal arts students is continuously decreasing for three consecutive years.
从地区分布来看，以2018年广东高考理科前150名为例，广州占席49名，排名第一；然后是深圳30个，潮州17个，佛山13个，东莞湛江各十个；其中茂名、阳江、肇庆、惠州、梅州等地级市没有考生进入全省理科前150名。这一定程度上反应了教育资源、教育质量在地域上的差异。
From the point of view of regiona ldistribution, the first 150 cases of science in Guangdong's college entrance examination in 2018 and 49 cases in Guangzhou ranked first; followed by 30 in Shenzhen, 17 in Chaozhou, 13 in Foshan, and 10 in Zhanjiang in Dongguan. Among them, there is no candidate from the prefecture-level cities such as Yangjiang,Zhaoqing, Huizhou and Meizhou entered the top 150 science departments in the province. To some extent, this distribution reflects the differences in educational resources and educational quality in the region.
可能是因为天气和饮食的原因，广东考生普遍出省读书的意愿不高。这导致省内一本高校生源持续火爆，生源质量进一步提高。今年省内共有15所高校在一本参加录取，暨南大学、华南师范大学、广东工业大学和东莞理工学院的中外合作办学专业有独立招生代码单独招生，另外中山大学的少数民族班也单独招生。大多数省内高校都能在第一志愿组一次性满档，且分数都超出一本线不少。
It may be due to weather and dietary reasons that Cantonese candidates are generally not willing to go to school.This has led to a continuous and intense student source in the province, and the quality of students has been further improved. There are 15 universities and colleges in the province this year. In the admission, Jinan University,South China Normal University, Guangdong University of Technology, and Dongguan University of Technology have independent enrollment codes for independent recruitment. In addition, minority classes at Sun Yat-sen University are recruited separately. Most colleges and universities in the province are able to complete the first volunteer team at one time, and their scores exceed a certain number of lines.
注；
（1）文中内容是基于广东省教育考试院公布的数据经二次整理、加工而成；
（2）文中数据，不含提前批，不含艺术类、体育类，仅统计普通类文理科，且不含征集志愿等数据；
NOTE：
(1) The content of this article is based on the data published by the Guangdong Provincial Educational Examination Institute after secondary processing and processing;
(2) The data in the text do not include advance approval, art, sports, statistics of ordinary arts and sciences, and does not include collection of volunteer data;