顾名思义,插件化开发就是将某个功能代码封装为一个插件模块,通过插件中心的配置来下载、激活、禁用、或者卸载,主程序无需再次重启即可获取新的功能,从而实现快速集成。当然,实现这样的效果,必须遵守一些插件接口的标准,不能与已有的功能冲突。目前能支持插件化开发的成熟框架很多,但本文仅从思路的实现角度,从0到1实现简单的插件化开发框架。
思路:定义插件接口 -> 实现插件接口 -> 通过反射机制加载插件 -> 调用插件方法。
开发语言:支持反射机制的所有高级语言均可实现插件式开发,或有 FFI 调用 Native 函数的编程语言。
定义插件接口:一个执行方法
package service;
/**
* 通用插件接口
*
* @author yushanma
* @since 2023/3/5 16:36
*/
public interface IPluginService {
/**
* 执行插件
*/
public void run();
}
package impl;
import service.IPluginService;
/**
* 打印插件
*
* @author yushanma
* @since 2023/3/5 16:37
*/
public class MyPrinterPlugin implements IPluginService {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("执行插件方法...");
}
}
管理与加载插件。
package entity;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* 插件实体类
*
* @author yushanma
* @since 2023/3/5 16:44
*/
@Data
public class PluginEntity {
/**
* 插件名
*/
private String pluginName;
/**
* 插件路径
*/
private String jarPath;
/**
* 字节码名字
*/
private String className;
}
需要获取插件名、插件实现的Jar包路径、字节码路径
package loader;
import entity.PluginEntity;
import exception.PluginException;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import service.IPluginService;
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 插件管理器
*
* @author yushanma
* @since 2023/3/5 16:44
*/
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class PluginManager {
private Map> clazzMap = new HashMap<>();
public PluginManager(List plugins) throws PluginException {
initPlugins(plugins);
}
public void initPlugin(PluginEntity plugin) throws PluginException {
try {
//URL url = new URL("file:" + plugin.getJarPath());
URL url = new File(plugin.getJarPath()).toURI().toURL();
URLClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{url});
Class> clazz = classLoader.loadClass(plugin.getClassName());
clazzMap.put(plugin.getClassName(), clazz);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new PluginException("plugin " + plugin.getPluginName() + " init error: >>> " + e.getMessage());
}
}
public void initPlugins(List plugins) throws PluginException {
for (PluginEntity plugin : plugins) {
initPlugin(plugin);
}
}
public IPluginService getInstance(String className) throws PluginException {
Class> clazz = clazzMap.get(className);
Object instance = null;
try {
instance = clazz.newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new PluginException("plugin " + className + " instantiate error," + e.getMessage());
}
return (IPluginService) instance;
}
}
org.dom4j
dom4j
2.1.1
package conf;
import entity.PluginEntity;
import exception.PluginException;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 解析 XML 插件配置
*
* @author yushanma
* @since 2023/3/5 16:44
*/
public class PluginXmlParser {
public static List getPluginList() throws PluginException {
List list = new ArrayList<>();
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
Document document = null;
try {
document = saxReader.read(new File("src/main/resources/plugin.xml"));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new PluginException("read plugin.xml error," + e.getMessage());
}
Element root = document.getRootElement();
List> plugins = root.elements("plugin");
for (Object pluginObj : plugins) {
Element pluginEle = (Element) pluginObj;
PluginEntity plugin = new PluginEntity();
plugin.setPluginName(pluginEle.elementText("name"));
plugin.setJarPath(pluginEle.elementText("jar"));
plugin.setClassName(pluginEle.elementText("class"));
list.add(plugin);
}
return list;
}
}
测试插件
plugins/PrinterPlugin-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
impl.MyPrinterPlugin
测试插件
plugins/PrinterPlugin-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
impl.MyPrinterPlugin
package loader;
import conf.PluginXmlParser;
import entity.PluginEntity;
import exception.PluginException;
import service.IPluginService;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 插件加载器
*
* @author yushanma
* @since 2023/3/5 16:44
*/
public class PluginLoader {
public void run() throws PluginException {
// 从配置文件加载插件
List pluginList = PluginXmlParser.getPluginList();
PluginManager pluginManager = new PluginManager(pluginList);
for (PluginEntity plugin : pluginList) {
IPluginService pluginService = pluginManager.getInstance(plugin.getClassName());
System.out.println("开始执行[" + plugin.getPluginName() + "]插件...");
// 调用插件
pluginService.run();
System.out.println("[" + plugin.getPluginName() + "]插件执行完成");
}
// 动态加载插件
// PluginEntity plugin = new PluginEntity();
// plugin.setPluginName("");
// plugin.setJarPath("");
// plugin.setClassName("");
// pluginManager.initPlugin(plugin);
// IPluginService pluginService = pluginManager.getInstance("");
// pluginService.run();
}
}
import exception.PluginException;
import loader.PluginLoader;
/**
* desc
*
* @author yushanma
* @since 2023/3/5 16:44
*/
public class DemoMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws PluginException {
PluginLoader loader = new PluginLoader();
loader.run();
}
}
通过 libloader 库可以调用动态链接库函数,需要 FFI 支持。
cargo new --lib mydll
// 有参数没有返回值
#[no_mangle]
pub fn println(str: &str) {
println!("{}", str);
}
// 有参数有返回值
#[no_mangle]
pub fn add(a: usize, b: usize) -> usize {
a + b
}
// 没有参数没有返回值
#[no_mangle]
pub fn print_hello() {
println!("Hello");
}
// 字符串类型
#[no_mangle]
pub fn return_str(s1: &str) -> &str{
s1
}
[package]
name = "mydll"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
[dependencies]
# rlib:Rust库,这是cargo new默认的种类,只能被Rust调用;
# dylib:Rust规范的动态链接库,windows上编译成.dll,linux上编译成.so,也只能被Rust调用;
# cdylib:满足C语言规范的动态链接库,windows上编译成.dll,linux上编译成.so,可以被其他语言调用
# staticlib:静态库,windows上编译成.lib,linux上编译成.a,可以被其他语言调用
[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib"]
cargo build
可以看到,所有的函数都被正常导出,具体原理请参考:https://fasterthanli.me/articles/so-you-want-to-live-reload-rust
use cstr::cstr;
use libloader::*;
use std::{ffi::CStr,os::raw::c_char};
fn main() {
get_libfn!("dll/mydll.dll", "println", println, (), s: &str);
println("你好");
get_libfn!("dll/mydll.dll", "add", add, usize, a: usize, b: usize);
println!(" 1 + 2 = {}", add(1, 2));
get_libfn!("dll/mydll.dll", "print_hello", print_hello, bool);
print_hello();
get_libfn!("dll/mydll.dll","return_str", return_str,*const c_char, s: *const c_char);
let str = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(return_str(cstr!("你好 ").as_ptr())) };
print!("out {}", str.to_str().unwrap());
}
namespace PluginInterface
{
public interface IPlugin
{
// 获取插件名字
public string GetName();
// 获取插件所提供的功能列表
public string[] GetFunction();
// 执行插件某个功能
public bool Execute(string fn);
}
}
using PluginInterface;
using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace MyPlugin
{
public class PrinterPlugin : IPlugin
{
private static readonly string PLUGIN_NAME = "PrinterPlugin";
// 获取插件名字
public string GetName()
{
return PLUGIN_NAME;
}
// 获取插件所提供的功能列表
public string[] GetFunction()
{
return PrinterFunc.FuncDics.Keys.ToArray();
}
// 执行插件某个功能
public bool Execute(string fn)
{
return PrinterFunc.Run(fn);
}
// 传参功能
public static object PrintLabel(string sn)
{
Console.WriteLine($"打印标签{sn}...DONE");
return true;
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace MyPlugin
{
// 封装打印机支持的功能
internal class PrinterFunc
{
// 功能字典
public static Dictionary> FuncDics = new Dictionary>
{
{"PrintPhoto",PrintPhoto },
{"PrintDoc",PrintDoc }
};
// 执行某个功能
public static bool Run(string name)
{
if (!FuncDics.ContainsKey(name))
{
return false;
}
return (bool)FuncDics[name].Invoke();
}
// 打印照片
public static bool PrintPhoto()
{
Console.WriteLine("打印照片...DONE");
return true;
}
// 打印文档
public static bool PrintDoc()
{
Console.WriteLine("打印文档...DONE");
return true;
}
}
}
using PluginInterface;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
namespace CLI.Loader
{
public class PluginLoader
{
// 初始化时加载插件
public PluginLoader()
{
LoadPlugin();
}
public Dictionary ListName = new Dictionary();
// 加载所有插件
public void LoadPlugin()
{
try
{
// 清除所有插件缓存
ListName.Clear();
// 插件文件夹
string fileName = "D:\\AwsomeWorkSpace\\CLI\\Plugins\\net5.0\\";
// 获取所有插件文件
DirectoryInfo info = new DirectoryInfo(fileName);
FileInfo[] files = info.GetFiles();
foreach (FileInfo file in files)
{
if (!file.FullName.EndsWith(".dll"))
{
continue;
}
// 通过反射机制创建插件实例
Assembly assembly = Assembly.LoadFile(file.FullName);
Type[] types = assembly.GetTypes();
foreach (Type type in types)
{
// 如果某些类实现了预定义的插件接口,则认为该类适配与主程序(是主程序的插件)
if (type.GetInterface("IPlugin") != null)
{
// 创建该类实例
IPlugin plugin = assembly.CreateInstance(type.FullName) as IPlugin;
if (plugin == null)
{
throw new Exception("插件错误");
}
ListName.Add(plugin.GetName(), plugin);
// 调用插件的某个传参方法
MethodInfo printLabel = type.GetMethod("PrintLabel");
object res = printLabel.Invoke(plugin, parameters: new object[] { "HQ31122222222222" });
Console.WriteLine(res?.ToString());
// 调用插件内部的 Execute 方法
MethodInfo execute = type.GetMethod("Execute");
res = execute.Invoke(plugin, parameters: new object[] { "PrintPhoto" });
Console.WriteLine(res?.ToString());
res = execute.Invoke(plugin, parameters: new object[] { "PrintDoc" });
Console.WriteLine(res?.ToString());
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
}
}
// 插件启动
public void Start()
{
Console.WriteLine("==== 插件中心 ====");
Console.WriteLine("1--加载插件列表");
Console.WriteLine("2--重新刷新插件");
int switchVal = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
switch (switchVal)
{
case 1:
GetPluginList();
break;
case 2:
LoadPlugin();
break; ;
}
}
// 加载插件列表
public void GetPluginList()
{
Console.WriteLine("--------插件列表--------");
foreach (var VARIABLE in ListName.Keys)
{
Console.WriteLine($"----{VARIABLE}");
}
Console.WriteLine("--------请输入插件名--------");
GetPluginFunc(Console.ReadLine());
}
// 加载插件功能
public void GetPluginFunc(string pluginName)
{
if (!ListName.ContainsKey(pluginName))
{
return;
}
IPlugin plugin = ListName[pluginName];
string[] funcList = plugin.GetFunction();
for (int i = 0; i < funcList.Length; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(funcList[i]);
plugin.Execute(funcList[i]);
}
}
}
}
ok,可以看到,插件化开发的实现并不复杂,但是其中用到的反射机制会消耗部分性能,并且 dll 也会存在一些逆向工程或者反向注入等信安问题,需要谨慎使用。当然,框架的完善更是任重道远的过程。
环境:Visual Studio 2022 / .NET7
参考:https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/tree/main/src/coreclr/nativeaot/docs
dotnet new classlib -o mydll -f net6.0
net7.0
enable
enable
true
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using Seagull.BarTender.Print;
namespace ClassLibrary1
{
public class Class1
{
// 无参数有返回值
[UnmanagedCallersOnly(EntryPoint = "IsOk")]
public static bool IsOk()
{
return true;
}
// 有参数无返回值
[UnmanagedCallersOnly(EntryPoint = "MyPrinter")]
public static void MyPrinter(IntPtr pString)
{
try
{
if (pString != IntPtr.Zero)
{
string str = new(Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(pString));
Console.WriteLine(str);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(">>> Exception " + e.Message);
}
}
// 有参数有返回值
[UnmanagedCallersOnly(EntryPoint = "MyConcat")]
public static IntPtr MyConcat(IntPtr pString1, IntPtr pString2)
{
string concat = "";
try
{
if (pString1 != IntPtr.Zero && pString2 != IntPtr.Zero)
{
string str1 = new(Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(pString1));
string str2 = new(Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi(pString2));
concat = string.Concat(str1, str2);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
concat = e.Message;
}
return Marshal.StringToHGlobalAnsi(concat);
}
// 无参数无返回值
[UnmanagedCallersOnly(EntryPoint = "PrintHello")]
public static void PrintHello()
{
Console.WriteLine(">>> Hello");
}
}
}
dotnet publish /p:NativeLib=Shared /p:SelfContained=true -r win-x64 -c release
可以看到 native 、publish 文件夹,里面的 dll 文件
函数正常导出,最后一个是默认导出的函数。